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How do we - societies and individuals alike - (sometimes) manage to
act in line with our high priority goals when faced with
tempting-yet-conflicting alternatives? In other words, how do we
(sometimes) resolve a conflict between a superordinate, global goal
and a subordinate, local one, and do so in favor of the global
goal? These types of self-control dilemmas can be found in many
contexts and may be described at many levels of analysis. Examples
include the dilemmas faced by groups fostering cooperation among
their members, when defection is more beneficial for each
individual; dieters resisting a tempting cake, and the cognitive
system trading off speed for accuracy in conflict tasks like the
Stroop.
This informative volume presents the first comprehensive review of
research and theory on dual-process models of social information
processing. These models distinguish between qualitatively
different modes of information processing in making decisions and
solving problems (e.g., associative versus rule-based, controlled
versus uncontrolled, and affective versus cognitive modes). Leading
contributors review the basic assumptions of these approaches and
review the ways they have been applied and tested in such areas as
attitudes, stereotyping, person perception, memory, and judgment.
Also examined are the relationships between different sets of
processing modes, the factors that determine their utilization, and
how they work in combination to affect responses to social
information.
This volume provides an authoritative synthesis of a dynamic, influential area of psychological research. Leading investigators address all aspects of dual-process theories: their core assumptions, conceptual foundations, and applications to a wide range of social phenomena. In 38 chapters, the volume addresses the pivotal role of automatic and controlled processes in attitudes and evaluation; social perception; thinking and reasoning; self- regulation; and the interplay of affect, cognition, and motivation. Current empirical and methodological developments are described. Critiques of the duality approach are explored and important questions for future research identified.
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