This volume contains papers presented at the 20th International Conference on Genome Informatics (GIW 2009) held at the Pacifico Yokohama, Japan from December 14 to 16, 2009. The GIW Series provides an international forum for the presentation and discussion of original research papers on all aspects of bioinformatics, computational biology and systems biology. Its scope includes biological sequence analysis, protein structure prediction, genetic regulatory networks, bioinformatic algorithms, comparative genomics, and biomolecular data integration and analysis. Boasting a history of 20 years, GIW is the longest-running international bioinformatics conference.A total of 18 contributed papers were selected for presentation at GIW 2009 and for inclusion in this book. In addition, this book contains abstracts from the five invited speakers: Sean Eddy (HHMI's Janelia Farm, USA), Minoru Kanehisa (Kyoto University, Japan), Sang Yup Lee (KAIST, Korea), Hideyuki Okano (Keio University, Japan) and Mark Ragan (University of Queensland, Australia).

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 16th International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming, DNA16, held in Hong Kong, China, in June 2010. The 16 revised full papers presented were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement from 59 submissions. The papers are well balanced between theoretical and experimental work and address all areas that relate to biomolecular computing, including demonstrations of biomolecular computing, theoretical models of biomolecular computing, biomolecular algorithms, computational processes in vitro and in vivo, analysis and theoretical models of laboratory techniques, biotechnological and other applications of DNA computing, DNA nanostructures, DNA devices such as DNA motors, DNA error evaluation and correction, in vitro evolution, molecular design, self-assembled systems, nucleic acid chemistry, and simulation tools.

The 7th International Colloquium on Grammatical Inference (ICGI 2004) was heldintheNationalCentreforScienti?cResearch"Demokritos,"Athens, Greece on October 11-13, 2004. ICGI 2004 was the seventh in a series of successful biennial international conferences in the area of grammaticalinference. Previous meetings were held in Essex, UK; Alicante, Spain; Montpellier, France; Ames, Iowa, USA; Lisbon, Portugal; and Amsterdam, The Netherlands. This series of conferences seeks to provide a forum for the presentation and discussion of original research papers on all aspects of grammatical inference. Grammatical inference, the study of learning grammars from data, is an - tablishedresearch?eldinarti?cialintelligence, datingbacktothe1960s, andhas been extensively addressed by researchers in automata theory, language acqui- tion, computational linguistics, machine learning, pattern recognition, compu- tional learning theory and neural networks. ICGI 2004 emphasized the multid- ciplinary natureoftheresearch?eldandthe diversedomains inwhich gramm- ical inference is being applied, such as natural language acquisition, compu- tionalbiology, structuralpatternrecognition, informationretrieval, Webmining, text processing, data compression and adaptive intelligent agents. We received 45 high-quality papers from 19 countries. The papers were - viewed by at least two - in most cases three - reviewers. In addition to the 20 full papers, 8 short papers that received positive comments from the reviewers were accepted, and they appear in a separate section of this volume. The t- ics of the accepted papers vary from theoretical results of learning algorithms to innovative applications of grammatical inference, and from learning several interesting classes of formal grammars to estimations of probabilistic grammars.