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Understanding brain structure and principles of operation is one of
the major
challengesofmodernscience.SincetheexperimentsbyGalvanionfrogmuscle
contraction in 1792, it is known that electrical impulses lie at
the core of the brain activity. The technology of neuro-electronic
interfacing, besides its importance for neurophysiological
research, has also clinical potential, so called neuropr- thetics.
Sensory prostheses are intended to feed sensory data into patient's
brain by means of neurostimulation. Cochlear prostheses [1] are one
example of sensory prostheses that are already used in patients.
Retinal prostheses are currently under research [2]. Recent
neurophysiological experiments [3, 4] show that brain signals
recorded from motor cortex carry information regarding the movement
of subject's limbs (Fig. 1.1). These signals can be further used to
control ext- nal machines [4] that will replace missing limbs,
opening the ?eld of motor prosthetics, devices that will restore
lost limbs or limb control. Fig. 1.1. Robotic arm controlled by
monkey motor cortex signals. MotorLab, U- versity of Pittsburgh.
Prof Andy Schwartz, U. Pitt 2 1 Introduction Another group of
prostheses would provide treatment for brain diseases, such as
prevention of epileptic seizure or the control of tremor associated
with Parkinson disease [5]. Brain implants for treatment of
Epilepsy and Parkinson symptoms (Fig. 1.2) are already available
commercially [6, 7]. Fig. 1.2. Implantable device for Epilepsy
seizures treatment [7]. Cyberonics, Inc.
Understanding brain structure and principles of operation is one of
the major
challengesofmodernscience.SincetheexperimentsbyGalvanionfrogmuscle
contraction in 1792, it is known that electrical impulses lie at
the core of the brain activity. The technology of neuro-electronic
interfacing, besides its importance for neurophysiological
research, has also clinical potential, so called neuropr- thetics.
Sensory prostheses are intended to feed sensory data into patient's
brain by means of neurostimulation. Cochlear prostheses [1] are one
example of sensory prostheses that are already used in patients.
Retinal prostheses are currently under research [2]. Recent
neurophysiological experiments [3, 4] show that brain signals
recorded from motor cortex carry information regarding the movement
of subject's limbs (Fig. 1.1). These signals can be further used to
control ext- nal machines [4] that will replace missing limbs,
opening the ?eld of motor prosthetics, devices that will restore
lost limbs or limb control. Fig. 1.1. Robotic arm controlled by
monkey motor cortex signals. MotorLab, U- versity of Pittsburgh.
Prof Andy Schwartz, U. Pitt 2 1 Introduction Another group of
prostheses would provide treatment for brain diseases, such as
prevention of epileptic seizure or the control of tremor associated
with Parkinson disease [5]. Brain implants for treatment of
Epilepsy and Parkinson symptoms (Fig. 1.2) are already available
commercially [6, 7]. Fig. 1.2. Implantable device for Epilepsy
seizures treatment [7]. Cyberonics, Inc.
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