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Between 2000 and 2005, colour revolutions swept away authoritarian
and semi-authoritarian regimes in Serbia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and
Ukraine. Yet, after these initial successes, attempts to replicate
the strategies failed to produce regime change elsewhere in the
region. The book argues that students of democratization and
democracy promotion should study not only the successful colour
revolutions, but also the colour revolution prevention strategies
adopted by authoritarian elites. Based on a series of qualitative,
country-focused studies the book explores the whole spectrum of
anti-democratization policies, adopted by autocratic rulers and
demonstrates that authoritarian regimes studied democracy promotion
techniques, used in various colour revolutions, and focused their
prevention strategies on combatting these techniques. The book
proposes a new typology of authoritarian reactions to the challenge
of democratization and argues that the specific mix of policies and
rhetoric, adopted by each authoritarian regime, depended on the
perceived intensity of threat to regime survival and the regime's
perceived strength vis-a-vis the democratic opposition. This book
was published as a special issue of Democratization.
Between 2000 and 2005, colour revolutions swept away authoritarian
and semi-authoritarian regimes in Serbia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and
Ukraine. Yet, after these initial successes, attempts to replicate
the strategies failed to produce regime change elsewhere in the
region. The book argues that students of democratization and
democracy promotion should study not only the successful colour
revolutions, but also the colour revolution prevention strategies
adopted by authoritarian elites. Based on a series of qualitative,
country-focused studies the book explores the whole spectrum of
anti-democratization policies, adopted by autocratic rulers and
demonstrates that authoritarian regimes studied democracy promotion
techniques, used in various colour revolutions, and focused their
prevention strategies on combatting these techniques. The book
proposes a new typology of authoritarian reactions to the challenge
of democratization and argues that the specific mix of policies and
rhetoric, adopted by each authoritarian regime, depended on the
perceived intensity of threat to regime survival and the regime's
perceived strength vis-a-vis the democratic opposition. This book
was published as a special issue of Democratization.
Food has been crucial to the functioning and survival of
governments and regimes since the emergence of early states. Yet,
only in a few countries is the connection between food and politics
as pronounced as in Russia. Since the 1917 Revolution, virtually
every significant development in Russian and Soviet history has
been either directly driven by or closely associated with the
question of food and access to it. In fact, food shortages played a
critical role in the collapse of both the Russian Empire and the
USSR. Under Putin's watch, Russia moved from heavily relying on
grain imports to feed the population to being one of the world's
leading food exporters. In Bread and Autocracy, Janetta Azarieva,
Yitzhak M. Brudny, and Eugene Finkel focus on this crucial yet
widely overlooked transformation, as well as its causes and
consequences for Russia's domestic and foreign politics. The
authors argue that Russia's food independence agenda is an outcome
of a deliberate, decades-long policy to better prepare the country
for a confrontation with the West. Moreover, they show that for the
Kremlin, nutritional self-sufficiency and domestic food production
is a crucial pillar of state security and regime survival.
Azarieva, Brudny, and Finkel also make the case that Russia's focus
on food independence also sets the country apart from almost all
modern autocracies. While many authoritarian regimes have adopted
industrial import-substitution policies, in Putin's Russia it is
the substitution of food imports with domestically produced crops
that is crucial for regime survival. As food reemerges as a key
global issue and nations increasingly turn inwards, Bread and
Autocracy provides a timely and comprehensive look into Russia's
experience in building a nutritionally autarkic dictatorship.
What caused the emergence of nationalist movements in many
post-communist states? What role did communist regimes play in
fostering these movements? Why have some been more successful than
others? To address these questions, Yitzhak Brudny traces the
Russian nationalist movement from its origins within the Russian
intellectual elite of the 1950s to its institutionalization in
electoral alliances, parliamentary factions, and political
movements of the early 1990s. Brudny argues that the rise of the
Russian nationalist movement was a combined result of the
reinvention of Russian national identity by a group of
intellectuals, and the Communist Party's active support of this
reinvention in order to gain greater political legitimacy. The
author meticulously reconstructs the development of the Russian
nationalist thought from Khrushchev to Yeltsin, as well as the
nature of the Communist Party response to Russian nationalist
ideas. Through analysis of major Russian literary, political, and
historical writings, the recently-published memoirs of the Russian
nationalist intellectuals and Communist Party officials, and
documents discovered in the Communist Party archives, Brudny sheds
new light on social, intellectual, and political origins of Russian
nationalism, and emphasizes the importance of ideas in explaining
the fate of the Russian nationalist movement during late communist
and early post-communist periods.
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