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This collection of essays presents insight and methodology that are
highly relevant for readers today as they consider the future of
the world they live in. Experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, people
have realized how fragile the current economy is and the necessity
for reconstructing the socio-economic system. That system, which
was considered the default for so long, was succeeded by the
analytical framework of economics and regional science. The
contents of this book are diversified, as are the achievements of
Prof. Yasuhiro Sakai, to whom this volume is dedicated, and cover a
wide area from mathematical and experimental economics to
conventional and emerging fields of regional science. Some are
timeless topics that have had new life breathed into them. Part I
deals with, among other areas, risk management with uncertain
events; the effectiveness and impacts of regulation and friction
related to trading; the stability of strategic behavior and market
equilibrium; and sustainable regional development and urban
planning from the long-term perspective. Part II also presents a
diversity of subjects, including input–output analysis and
computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling for internal as well
as external structure and network linkage, such as a value chain;
openness and creativity as related to competition among cities and
regions; dispersion versus concentration; and inequality versus
equality.
This edited book brings together in one place new studies of
rural-urban interactions and their implications for regional growth
and development in different regions within Asia. Specifically, the
individual chapters in the book shed light on the different kinds
of rural-urban interactions that we witness in Asian regions,
particularly those that are based on migration, poverty,
inequality, education, economic dependence, and the flow of goods
and services. The book departs from the existing literature in
three ways. First, it explicitly recognizes that different kinds of
rural-urban interactions have dissimilar impacts on the lives and
hence on the welfare of the residents of rural and urban regions.
Second, the book emphasizes the varied spatial and temporal
dimensions of the interactions and the ways in which these
dimensions influence rural and urban societies. Third, this book
demonstrates the ways in which an understanding of the preceding
two points contributes to our knowledge about economic growth and
development. Because Asia is the fastest-growing and most dynamic
continent in the world today, the research delineated in the
individual chapters of the book provides practical guidance
concerning two salient questions. First, how do we effectively
address the economic development challenges stemming from the
interactions between alternate rural and urban regions within Asia?
Second, how do we ensure that the policies we design to address
these challenges give rise to broad-based economic growth and
development that is sustainable?
This open access book presents recent research and hot topics in
the field of real estate science in Japan. It features carefully
selected English translations of peer-reviewed papers and excellent
articles published in the Japanese Journal of Real Estate Sciences,
as well as papers presented at the Japan Association of Real Estate
Sciences (JARES) annual conference. The topics covered include
market analyses of vacant houses, policies for reuse of vacant
houses, property tax policy, issues of land for which the owners
are unknown, disaster and real estate values, the siting
optimization plan and its influence on real estate, big data and
ICT technology for the real estate business, and public real estate
management.Real estate science in Japan has developed in step with
international research in the fields of law and economics, regional
science, civil engineering, environmental science, architectonics,
and related areas. At the same time, it has evolved into a unique
discipline that focuses on policy-oriented practical science with
arguments for the reform of outdated laws, regulations, and
traditional customs. Asian countries are currently growing rapidly
and are catching up with developing countries. The lessons learned
and know-how accumulated by JARES is helpful for practitioners and
policymakers not only in Japan, but also in other Asian countries.
This book addresses major issues such as a growing world energy
demand, environmental degradation due to anthropogenic greenhouse
gas (GHG) emission, and risk management of disastrous events such
as pandemics, abnormal climate, and earthquakes. Using cutting-edge
analytical tools, particularly computable general equilibrium (CGE)
modelling, the analyses are focused on a very wide range of
policy-relevant economic questions for the Asia-Pacific region,
especially for Japan, China, India, Vietnam, and smaller nations,
including Brunei, Timor Leste, and Fiji. The first part considers
(a) the effects of climate change on agriculture sectors, energy
policies, and future GHG emission trends, (b) adaptation to climate
changes in energy policy and its impacts on the economies, and (c)
risk management of catastrophic events such as global pandemics.
The second part examines (a) energy environmental issues, (b)
economic impacts of natural disaster and depopulation, and (c)
effects of informatics development on risk management, using CGE
modelling and other methods in regional science fields.
Contributors are internationally active leading CGE modellers and
environmental economists. The book should be greatly beneficial for
scholars and graduate students as well as policy makers who are
interested in the economic effects and management of risks relating
to climate change and disastrous events.
This edited book brings together in one place new studies of
rural-urban interactions and their implications for regional growth
and development in different regions within Asia. Specifically, the
individual chapters in the book shed light on the different kinds
of rural-urban interactions that we witness in Asian regions,
particularly those that are based on migration, poverty,
inequality, education, economic dependence, and the flow of goods
and services. The book departs from the existing literature in
three ways. First, it explicitly recognizes that different kinds of
rural-urban interactions have dissimilar impacts on the lives and
hence on the welfare of the residents of rural and urban regions.
Second, the book emphasizes the varied spatial and temporal
dimensions of the interactions and the ways in which these
dimensions influence rural and urban societies. Third, this book
demonstrates the ways in which an understanding of the preceding
two points contributes to our knowledge about economic growth and
development. Because Asia is the fastest-growing and most dynamic
continent in the world today, the research delineated in the
individual chapters of the book provides practical guidance
concerning two salient questions. First, how do we effectively
address the economic development challenges stemming from the
interactions between alternate rural and urban regions within Asia?
Second, how do we ensure that the policies we design to address
these challenges give rise to broad-based economic growth and
development that is sustainable?
This book addresses major issues such as a growing world energy
demand, environmental degradation due to anthropogenic greenhouse
gas (GHG) emission, and risk management of disastrous events such
as pandemics, abnormal climate, and earthquakes. Using cutting-edge
analytical tools, particularly computable general equilibrium (CGE)
modelling, the analyses are focused on a very wide range of
policy-relevant economic questions for the Asia-Pacific region,
especially for Japan, China, India, Vietnam, and smaller nations,
including Brunei, Timor Leste, and Fiji. The first part considers
(a) the effects of climate change on agriculture sectors, energy
policies, and future GHG emission trends, (b) adaptation to climate
changes in energy policy and its impacts on the economies, and (c)
risk management of catastrophic events such as global pandemics.
The second part examines (a) energy environmental issues, (b)
economic impacts of natural disaster and depopulation, and (c)
effects of informatics development on risk management, using CGE
modelling and other methods in regional science fields.
Contributors are internationally active leading CGE modellers and
environmental economists. The book should be greatly beneficial for
scholars and graduate students as well as policy makers who are
interested in the economic effects and management of risks relating
to climate change and disastrous events.
This volume presents the most robust and useful methodology for the
derivation of investment criteria for the evaluation and planning
of public investment projects - public investment criteria. The
methodological approach solves inherent defects of traditional
methodology, namely an ad hoc application of the benefit-cost
analysis in the static content. Although this approach originated
in the water resources development project of the Harvard group,
the authors' methodology has achieved a discrete and dynamic inter
regional input-output programming model by which: (i) establishment
of priorities among potential investment targets by taking account
of economic benefits that are brought by implementation of a set of
selected projects, and diffusing into the whole national economy,
and (ii) rational allocation of limited public funds to the
selected investment projects are consistently made, based on the
opportunity cost criteria in the dynamic content. As these benefits
make up a source for the stream of further created capital funds
for public as well as private sectors over the planning time
horizon, optimal re-investment of thus created capital funds are
solved recursively in the endogenous model by approaching the
turnpike path of the whole national economy. As an optimal
solution, the allocated levels for trunk expressway network as well
as for other transport facilities, which are balanced with the
allocation for industrial capital formation, are obtained by period
and by region. In the background of these processes, the imputed
price and opportunity costs as a sort of contemporary "god" are
always latent. Readers with basic mathematical knowledge will learn
functional and practical meaning of the opportunity costs (and the
imputed price) in the evaluation and planning of investment.
Conquering this small obstacle will be a source of strong
self-confidence for society, a worthwhile objective. Other
applications of the methodology are also included in this book,
which is helpful for practitioners frequently using the feasibility
study method as well as experts who wish to understand the
theoretical arguments related to public investment criteria. As one
of the applications, there is a numerical solution of a composite
transport system in which the amounts of roads, railways, and ports
are derived quantitatively, not qualitatively. These are results of
authentic public investment criteria that are built in the
inter-regional input-output programing model.
This collection of essays presents insight and methodology that are
highly relevant for readers today as they consider the future of
the world they live in. Experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, people
have realized how fragile the current economy is and the necessity
for reconstructing the socio-economic system. That system, which
was considered the default for so long, was succeeded by the
analytical framework of economics and regional science. The
contents of this book are diversified, as are the achievements of
Prof. Yasuhiro Sakai, to whom this volume is dedicated, and cover a
wide area from mathematical and experimental economics to
conventional and emerging fields of regional science. Some are
timeless topics that have had new life breathed into them. Part I
deals with, among other areas, risk management with uncertain
events; the effectiveness and impacts of regulation and friction
related to trading; the stability of strategic behavior and market
equilibrium; and sustainable regional development and urban
planning from the long-term perspective. Part II also presents a
diversity of subjects, including input-output analysis and
computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling for internal as well
as external structure and network linkage, such as a value chain;
openness and creativity as related to competition among cities and
regions; dispersion versus concentration; and inequality versus
equality.
This volume presents the most robust and useful methodology for the
derivation of investment criteria for the evaluation and planning
of public investment projects - public investment criteria. The
methodological approach solves inherent defects of traditional
methodology, namely an ad hoc application of the benefit-cost
analysis in the static content. Although this approach originated
in the water resources development project of the Harvard group,
the authors' methodology has achieved a discrete and dynamic inter
regional input-output programming model by which: (i) establishment
of priorities among potential investment targets by taking account
of economic benefits that are brought by implementation of a set of
selected projects, and diffusing into the whole national economy,
and (ii) rational allocation of limited public funds to the
selected investment projects are consistently made, based on the
opportunity cost criteria in the dynamic content. As these benefits
make up a source for the stream of further created capital funds
for public as well as private sectors over the planning time
horizon, optimal re-investment of thus created capital funds are
solved recursively in the endogenous model by approaching the
turnpike path of the whole national economy. As an optimal
solution, the allocated levels for trunk expressway network as well
as for other transport facilities, which are balanced with the
allocation for industrial capital formation, are obtained by period
and by region. In the background of these processes, the imputed
price and opportunity costs as a sort of contemporary "god" are
always latent. Readers with basic mathematical knowledge will learn
functional and practical meaning of the opportunity costs (and the
imputed price) in the evaluation and planning of investment.
Conquering this small obstacle will be a source of strong
self-confidence for society, a worthwhile objective. Other
applications of the methodology are also included in this book,
which is helpful for practitioners frequently using the feasibility
study method as well as experts who wish to understand the
theoretical arguments related to public investment criteria. As one
of the applications, there is a numerical solution of a composite
transport system in which the amounts of roads, railways, and ports
are derived quantitatively, not qualitatively. These are results of
authentic public investment criteria that are built in the
inter-regional input-output programing model.
This open access book presents recent research and hot topics in
the field of real estate science in Japan. It features carefully
selected English translations of peer-reviewed papers and excellent
articles published in the Japanese Journal of Real Estate Sciences,
as well as papers presented at the Japan Association of Real Estate
Sciences (JARES) annual conference. The topics covered include
market analyses of vacant houses, policies for reuse of vacant
houses, property tax policy, issues of land for which the owners
are unknown, disaster and real estate values, the siting
optimization plan and its influence on real estate, big data and
ICT technology for the real estate business, and public real estate
management.Real estate science in Japan has developed in step with
international research in the fields of law and economics, regional
science, civil engineering, environmental science, architectonics,
and related areas. At the same time, it has evolved into a unique
discipline that focuses on policy-oriented practical science with
arguments for the reform of outdated laws, regulations, and
traditional customs. Asian countries are currently growing rapidly
and are catching up with developing countries. The lessons learned
and know-how accumulated by JARES is helpful for practitioners and
policymakers not only in Japan, but also in other Asian countries.
This book brings together new studies on regional disparities in
the provision and maintenance of health in Asia. Specifically, the
individual chapters shed light on the various health challenges
that Asian regions face with regard to environmental health,
communicable and non-communicable diseases, reproductive health,
and the development of health systems. The book departs from the
existing literature on this subject in three ways. First, it
explicitly recognizes that health is essential to the daily lives
of human beings. Second, it underscores the fact that good health
improves learning, employee productivity, and incomes. Third, the
book demonstrates the ways in which an understanding of the
preceding two points contributes to our grasp of economic growth
and development. Because Asia is now the fastest-growing and most
dynamic continent in the world, the respective chapters provide
practical guidance concerning two key questions: First, how do we
effectively address the health challenges in individual regions of
Asia? Second, how do we ensure that the proposed health
interventions lead to sustainable economic growth and development?
To this end, the book emphasizes modeling and illustrates the role
that sound empirical modeling can play in developing measures that
sustainably address the health challenges confronting disparate
Asian regions. All chapters were written by international experts
who are active researchers in their respective fields. Hence, this
book is highly recommended to all readers seeking an in-depth and
up-to-date perspective on some of the most important issues at the
interface of human health and regional growth and development in
Asia.
This book brings together new studies on regional disparities in
the provision and maintenance of health in Asia. Specifically, the
individual chapters shed light on the various health challenges
that Asian regions face with regard to environmental health,
communicable and non-communicable diseases, reproductive health,
and the development of health systems. The book departs from the
existing literature on this subject in three ways. First, it
explicitly recognizes that health is essential to the daily lives
of human beings. Second, it underscores the fact that good health
improves learning, employee productivity, and incomes. Third, the
book demonstrates the ways in which an understanding of the
preceding two points contributes to our grasp of economic growth
and development. Because Asia is now the fastest-growing and most
dynamic continent in the world, the respective chapters provide
practical guidance concerning two key questions: First, how do we
effectively address the health challenges in individual regions of
Asia? Second, how do we ensure that the proposed health
interventions lead to sustainable economic growth and development?
To this end, the book emphasizes modeling and illustrates the role
that sound empirical modeling can play in developing measures that
sustainably address the health challenges confronting disparate
Asian regions. All chapters were written by international experts
who are active researchers in their respective fields. Hence, this
book is highly recommended to all readers seeking an in-depth and
up-to-date perspective on some of the most important issues at the
interface of human health and regional growth and development in
Asia.
This book is especially valuable for its policy evaluation studies
using both a theoretical model for policies carried out at national
and regional levels and for gathering policy evaluation studies in
diverse disciplines by empirical study. Policy analysis shown here
employs theoretical models such as an international trade model, an
optimal tariff, and spatial reorganization. At the same time,
factors in well-being are taken into consideration with land
development, changes in migration and local economies by natural
disasters, validation of efficiency for emission control methods,
the relationship between cyberspace and physical space in urban
networks, and NPOs' investment activities. The empirical research
reported in this volume analyzes Japan, China, and Asian-Pacific
cities. In the case of Japan, studies focus on the finances of
local governments, the real estate industry, the role of consumer
cooperatives in a food system, and agriculture and its productivity
in hilly and mountainous areas. As well, the effects of industrial
clusters in megacities and investment in high-speed railways and
prediction of human behavior during an earthquake are studied. In
China's case, studies focus on food policy and the effect of
ecology and environment on migration policy. For Asia-Pacific
cities, studies show performance rankings of "super cities" in the
region. The book defines the frontier of policy evaluation
following a middle path between theoretical study and empirical
study with regard to evaluation. In addition, the book contributes
to an understanding of the relationship between the goals and
targets of sustainable development. This book is highly recommended
for graduate students, policymakers, and researchers concerned with
policy evaluation.
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