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It can be argued that the Middle East during the World War II has
been regarded as that conflict's most overlooked theater of
operations. Though the threat of direct Axis invasion never
materialized beyond the Egyptian Western Desert with Rommel's
Afrika Korps, this did not limit the Axis from probing the Middle
East and cultivating potential collaborators and sympathizers.
These actions left an indelible mark in the socio-political
evolution of the modern states of the Middle East. This book
explores the infusion of the political language of anti-Semitism,
nationalism, fascism, and Marxism that were among the ideological
byproducts of Axis and Allied intervention in the Arab world. The
status of British-dominated Middle East was tailor-made for
exploitation by Axis intelligence and propaganda. German and
Italian intelligence efforts fueled anti-British resentments; their
influence shaped the course of Arab nationalist sentiments
throughout the Middle East. A relevant parallel to the pan-Arab
cause was Hitler's attempt to bring ethnic Germans into the fold of
a greater German state. In theory, as the Sudeten German stood on
par with the Carpathian German, so too, according to doctrinal
theory, did the Yemeni stand in union with the Syrian in the
imagination of those espousing pan-Arabism. As historic evidence
demonstrates, this very commonality proved to be a major factor in
the development of relations between Arab and Fascist leaders. The
Arab nationalist movement amounted to nothing more than a
shapeless, fragmented, counter position to British imperialism,
imported to the Arab East via Berlin for Nazi aspirations.
The United States no doubt will be involved in the Middle East for
many decades. To be sure, settling the Israeli-Palestinian dispute
or alleviating poverty could help to stem the tides of Islamic
radicalism and anti-American sentiment. But on an ideological
level, we must confront a specific interpretation of Islamic law,
history, and scripture that is a danger to both the United States
and its allies. To win that ideological war, we must understand the
sources of both Islamic radicalism and liberalism. We need to
comprehend more thoroughly the ways in which militants misinterpret
and pervert Islamic scripture. Al-Qaeda has produced its own group
of spokespersons who attempt to provide religious legitimacy to the
nihilism they preach. Many frequently quote from the Quran and
hadith (the Prophet Muhammad's sayings and deeds) in a biased
manner to draw justification for their cause.
The work answers 101 essential questions on the Middle East Islam
the Arab Spring al-Qaida and ISIS. It is for those wanting to begin
an intellectual immersion into the complexities of the region from
pre-biblical times to the post-Arab Spring that have impacted our
lives today. The authors have focused on thinking carefully about
what the deploying Soldier Sailor Marine or Airman needed to know
BEFORE they arrive in the Middle East such as the nuances inherent
in a region that is the crossroads of three continents (Europe Asia
and Africa) and how previous global powers interacted and left
their mark on the region. This guide while developed and written
for America's men and women about to deploy to combat zones and
areas of operation is also of use to a wider audience of Americans
serious about the challenges of the region.
In offering a comprehensive explanation of how militant Islamists
have hijacked the Islamic religion, Aboul-Enein provides a
realistic description of the militant threat, which is far
different and distinct from Islamist political discourse and the
wider religion of Islam. A key adviser at the Joint Intelligence
Task Force for Combating Terrorism, he argues that winning the war
against Militant Islamists requires a more complete understanding
of their ideology. Clearly defining the differences between Islam,
Islamist, and military Islamist, he highlights how militant
Islamist ideology takes selected fragments of Islamic history and
theology and weaves them into a narrow, pseudo-intellectual
ideology to justify their violence against Muslims and non-Muslims
alike.
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