Interplant Resource Integration: Optimization and Allocation presents an introduction to the planning and implementation methods for interplant resource integration. The analytic tools provided in this book can be used for the tasks of formulating mathematical programming model(s) to maximize the achievable overall savings and also for devising the "fair" distribution scheme(s) to allocate individual financial benefits among the participating plants. Offers tools for gaining economic benefit and environmental friendliness Presents methods for realistically feasible solutions Provides concrete mathematical modeling procedures Familiarizes readers with various network synthesis approaches and shows alternative viewpoints that can be adopted to model the interactions of participating members in an interplant resource integration scheme Aimed at chemical engineers, process engineers, industrial chemists, mechanical engineers in the fields of chemical processing and plant engineering.

Interplant Resource Integration: Optimization and Allocation presents an introduction to the planning and implementation methods for interplant resource integration. The analytic tools provided in this book can be used for the tasks of formulating mathematical programming model(s) to maximize the achievable overall savings and also for devising the "fair" distribution scheme(s) to allocate individual financial benefits among the participating plants. Offers tools for gaining economic benefit and environmental friendliness Presents methods for realistically feasible solutions Provides concrete mathematical modeling procedures Familiarizes readers with various network synthesis approaches and shows alternative viewpoints that can be adopted to model the interactions of participating members in an interplant resource integration scheme Aimed at chemical engineers, process engineers, industrial chemists, mechanical engineers in the fields of chemical processing and plant engineering.

The manner in which time is captured forms the foundation for synthesis, design, and optimization in batch chemical plants. However, there are still serious challenges with handling time in batch plants. Most techniques tend to assume either a fixed time dimension or adopt time average models to tame the time dimension, thereby simplifying the resultant mathematical models. A direct consequence of this simplification is a suboptimal process. Synthesis, Design, and Resource Optimization in Batch Chemical Plants aims to close this scientific gap. Presenting state-of-the art models for the scheduling, synthesis, design, and resource optimization of batch chemical processes, this cutting-edge text: Describes different ways to represent and capture time in the optimal allocation of tasks to various units with the objective of maximizing throughput or minimizing makespan Covers synthesis and design where the objective is mainly to yield a chemical facility, which satisfies all the targets with minimum capital cost investment Deals with resource conservation aspects in batch plants, where water and energy take the center stage Synthesis, Design, and Resource Optimization in Batch Chemical Plants offers a comprehensive discussion of scheduling techniques, continuous-time formulations, and the synthesis and design of chemical plants that optimally utilize water and energy resources.

Post-earthquake fire is one of the most complicated problems resulting from earthquakes and presents a serious risk to urban structures. Most standards and codes ignore the possibility of post-earthquake fire; thus it is not factored in when determining the ability of buildings to withstand load. This book describes the effects of post-earthquake fire on partially damaged buildings located in seismic urban regions. The book quantifies the level of associated post-earthquake fire effects, and discusses methods for mitigating the risk at both the macro scale and micro scale. The macro scale strategies address urban regions while the micro scale strategies address building structures, covering both existing buildings and those that are yet to be designed.

Batch chemical processes, so often employed in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical fields, differ significantly from standard continuous operations in the emphasis upon time as a critical factor in their synthesis and design. With this inclusive guide to batch chemical processes, the author introduces the reader to key aspects in mathematical modeling of batch processes and presents techniques to overcome the computational complexity in order to yield models that are solvable in near real-time. This book demonstrates how batch processes can be analyzed, synthesized, and designed optimally using proven mathematical formulations. The text effectively demonstrates how water and energy aspects can be incorporated within the scheduling framework that seeks to capture the essence of time. It presents real-life case studies where mathematical modeling of batch plants has been successfully applied.

The manner in which time is captured forms the foundation for synthesis, design, and optimization in batch chemical plants. However, there are still serious challenges with handling time in batch plants. Most techniques tend to assume either a fixed time dimension or adopt time average models to tame the time dimension, thereby simplifying the resultant mathematical models. A direct consequence of this simplification is a suboptimal process. Synthesis, Design, and Resource Optimization in Batch Chemical Plants aims to close this scientific gap. Presenting state-of-the art models for the scheduling, synthesis, design, and resource optimization of batch chemical processes, this cutting-edge text: Describes different ways to represent and capture time in the optimal allocation of tasks to various units with the objective of maximizing throughput or minimizing makespan Covers synthesis and design where the objective is mainly to yield a chemical facility, which satisfies all the targets with minimum capital cost investment Deals with resource conservation aspects in batch plants, where water and energy take the center stage Synthesis, Design, and Resource Optimization in Batch Chemical Plants offers a comprehensive discussion of scheduling techniques, continuous-time formulations, and the synthesis and design of chemical plants that optimally utilize water and energy resources.

Batch chemical processes, so often employed in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical fields, differ significantly from standard continuous operations in the emphasis upon time as a critical factor in their synthesis and design. With this inclusive guide to batch chemical processes, the author introduces the reader to key aspects in mathematical modeling of batch processes and presents techniques to overcome the computational complexity in order to yield models that are solvable in near real-time. This book demonstrates how batch processes can be analyzed, synthesized, and designed optimally using proven mathematical formulations. The text effectively demonstrates how water and energy aspects can be incorporated within the scheduling framework that seeks to capture the essence of time. It presents real-life case studies where mathematical modeling of batch plants has been successfully applied.

This is a textbook on the basic sciences of sound. It contains sufficient latest information on the subject and is divided into four parts that fit into the semester structure.The first part deals with basic Newton's second law of motion, simple harmonic oscillation, and wave properties. Newton's second law, 'the net force is equal to the rate of change of momentum,' is used to derive the speed of waves in a medium. The second part focuses on the psychoacoustics of our perception of three attributes of sound: loudness, pitch and timbre. The third part discusses the basic physics of some musical instruments and human voice. From the point of view of physics, musical instruments and human speech are similar. They are composed of a sound source and a resonator. Human ingenuity has produced various aesthetic-looking and ear-pleasing instruments for musicians to perform. Magical human evolution has also shaped our vocal folds and vocal tract so that we can dynamically change loudness, pitch, and timbre in an instant, in a manner that no other musical instrument can emulate. The fourth part includes electricity and magnetism, room acoustics, digital technology in acoustics, effects of noise on human hearing, and noise regulations for hearing protection that are relevant to sound wave production, transmission, storage, and human ear protection. Our ears are extremely sensitive. Without proper protection, loud noise including loud music can damage our ears. Government regulation and education serve as a first line of protection in working environments.This small book is comprehensible, understandable and enjoyable to all eager students.

Research and development of high energy accelerators began in 1911. Since then, progresses achieved are:The impacts of the accelerator development are evidenced by the many ground-breaking discoveries in particle and nuclear physics, atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics, biology, biomedical physics, nuclear medicine, medical therapy, and industrial processing. This book is intended to be used as a graduate or senior undergraduate textbook in accelerator physics and science. It can be used as preparatory course material in graduate accelerator physics thesis research. The text covers historical accelerator development, transverse betatron motion, synchrotron motion, an introduction to linear accelerators, and synchrotron radiation phenomena in low emittance electron storage rings, introduction to special topics such as the free electron laser and the beam-beam interaction. Hamiltonian dynamics is used to understand beam manipulation, instability and nonlinearity. Each section is followed by exercises, which are designed to reinforce the concept discussed and to solve a realistic accelerator design problem.

The development of high energy accelerators began in 1911, when Rutherford discovered the atomic nuclei inside the atom. Since then, progress has been made in the following: (1) development of high voltage dc and rf accelerators, (2) achievement of high field magnets with excellent field quality, (3) discovery of transverse and longitudinal beam focusing principles, (4) invention of high power rf sources, (5) improvement of high vacuum technology, (6) attainment of high brightness (polarized/unpolarized) electron/ion sources, (7) advancement of beam dynamics and beam manipulation schemes, such as beam injection, accumulation, slow and fast extraction, beam damping and beam cooling, instability feedback, etc.The impacts of the accelerator development are evidenced by the many ground-breaking discoveries in particle and nuclear physics, atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics, biomedical physics, medicine, biology, and industrial processing.This book is intended to be used as a graduate or senior undergraduate textbook in accelerator physics and science. It can be used as preparatory course material for graduate accelerator physics students doing thesis research. The text covers historical accelerator development, transverse betatron motion, synchrotron motion, an introduction to linear accelerators, and synchrotron radiation phenomena in low emittance electron storage rings, introduction to special topics such as the free electron laser and the beam-beam interaction. Attention is paid to derivation of the action-angle variables of the phase space, because the transformation is important for understanding advanced topics such as the collective instability and nonlinear beam dynamics. Each section is followed by exercises, which are designed to reinforce the concept discussed and to solve a realistic accelerator design problem.

Research and development of high energy accelerators began in 1911. (1) development of high gradient dc and rf accelerators, (2) achievement of high field magnets with excellent field quality, (3) discovery of transverse and longitudinal beam focusing principles, (4) invention of high power rf sources, (5) improvement of ultra-high vacuum technology, (6) attainment of high brightness (polarized/unpolarized) electron/ionsources, (7) advancement of beam dynamics and beam manipulation schemes, such as beam injection, accumulation, slow and fast extraction, beam damping and beam cooling, instability feedback, laser-beam interaction and harvesting instability for high brilliance coherent photon source. The impacts of the accelerator development are evidenced by the many ground-breaking discoveries in particle and nuclear physics, atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics, biology, biomedical physics, nuclear medicine, medical therapy, and industrial processing. This book is intended to be used as a graduate or senior undergraduate textbook in accelerator physics and science. It can be used as preparatory course material in graduate accelerator physics thesis research. The text covers historical accelerator development, transverse betatron motion, synchrotron motion, an introduction to linear accelerators, and synchrotron radiation phenomena in low emittance electron storage rings, introduction to special topics such as the free electron laser and the beam-beam interaction. Attention is paid to derivation of the action-angle variables of the phase space, because the transformation is important for understanding advanced topics such as the collective instability and nonlinear beam dynamics. Each section is followed by exercises, which are designed to reinforce concepts and to solve realistic accelerator design problems.

Research and development of high energy accelerators began in 1911. Since then, progresses achieved are:The impacts of the accelerator development are evidenced by the many ground-breaking discoveries in particle and nuclear physics, atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics, biology, biomedical physics, nuclear medicine, medical therapy, and industrial processing. This book is intended to be used as a graduate or senior undergraduate textbook in accelerator physics and science. It can be used as preparatory course material in graduate accelerator physics thesis research. The text covers historical accelerator development, transverse betatron motion, synchrotron motion, an introduction to linear accelerators, and synchrotron radiation phenomena in low emittance electron storage rings, introduction to special topics such as the free electron laser and the beam-beam interaction. Hamiltonian dynamics is used to understand beam manipulation, instability and nonlinearity. Each section is followed by exercises, which are designed to reinforce the concept discussed and to solve a realistic accelerator design problem.