Immediately Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery (ISBCS): Global History and Methodology is a comprehensive guide for the safe and efficient performance of ISBCS. It provides an overview of the history, recommended protocols, necessary precautions, exclusion criteria, benefits and risks associated with this procedure, organizational standards, and more. Written by the most prominent ISBCS surgeons in the world, chapters recount the arguments for and against bilateral surgery that have been made throughout the ages, up to the present, and deliver achieved and proposed resolutions to all problems discussed. Topics such as ethics and medico-legal issues surrounding ISBCS are also discussed, and a chapter on the global evolution of bilateral cataract surgery provides readers with a complete overview of the development of ISBCS practices in countries from all continents.

Process Systems Engineering for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: From Product Design to Enterprise-Wide Decisions, Volume 41, covers the following process systems engineering methods and tools for the modernization of the pharmaceutical industry: computer-aided pharmaceutical product design and pharmaceutical production processes design/synthesis; modeling and simulation of the pharmaceutical processing unit operation, integrated flowsheets and applications for design, analysis, risk assessment, sensitivity analysis, optimization, design space identification and control system design; optimal operation, control and monitoring of pharmaceutical production processes; enterprise-wide optimization and supply chain management for pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Currently, pharmaceutical companies are going through a paradigm shift, from traditional manufacturing mode to modernized mode, built on cutting edge technology and computer-aided methods and tools. Such shifts can benefit tremendously from the application of methods and tools of process systems engineering.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Bio-Based Flame Retardants for Polymeric Materials provides a comprehensive overview of flame retardants derived directly and indirectly from plant sources, drawing on cutting-edge research and covering preparation methods, testing and evaluation techniques, enhanced properties, and end applications. Chapters introduce bio-based materials in the context of additives for flame retardancy, explaining fundamentals and testing methods and analyzing synthetic approaches and the potential advantages of pursuing a bio-based approach. This is followed by detailed coverage of bio-based retardants, with each chapter covering a specific source and guiding the reader systematically through preparation techniques, evaluation methods, properties and applications. Throughout the book, the latest progress in the field is critically reviewed, and there is a continual emphasis on novel approaches to achieve enhanced properties and performant materials. This is an essential guide for all those with an interest in innovative, sustainable flame retardant additives for polymeric materials, including researchers, scientists, advanced students, and more.

Cable-Network Structures: A New Approach to Form Finding, Optimal Design, and Shape Control provides a framework for form finding, optimal design, and shape control of cable-network structures in engineering applications and large scale structures. The book outlines cutting-edge methods for form finding, modeling, pseudo-geodesic design of surface geometries, minimum residual nodal displacements for optimal shape adjustment, and more. These methods are applied to large-scale structures and compared with other methods in numerical simulations. Easy-to-understand, this book serves as a useful resource on modeling, analysis, design and control of cable-network structures for professionals, researchers, and students in aerospace, mechanical, and civil engineering.

This book is the general report of the targeted poverty alleviation and elimination project of 100 villages, presenting the overall progress of poverty alleviation and development of all sample villages in the tide of poverty alleviation. From 2016 to 2018, the project selected 104 poor villages (including those out of poverty) across the country to carry out national research and recorded the great changes in more than 100 poor villages in recent years with steps, nib and lens. Based on questionnaire survey data and data from village research reports, the book describes the basic village situation, poverty situation, village-level poverty management and assistance measures, causes of poverty and assistance measures, progress and results of targeted poverty alleviation in 100 poor villages across China since 2016.

This book starts from the application of technologies in financial institutions and financial regulators in China, and defines the concept and connotation of FinTech and SupTech in the form of topics, analyses the main problems in the development process, and discusses in depth the future development and regulatory tendency of FinTech and SupTech. In recent years, with the in-depth application and cross-domain integration of information technology in the financial world, FinTech has rapidly developed and has been widely applied, which brings us an important enlightenment: technical factors will bring fundamental changes for the development of the modern financial industry. While improving financial efficiency, it has an impact on the core financial problems such as information matching and mutual trust solving, making it urgent to improve financial supervision capacity and regulatory efficiency through information technology to effectively guarantee financial security. At present, many Chinese financial institutions have applied technologies to their daily operations and management, such as accurate customer identification, enhanced process tracking, intelligent marketing, and product process transformation, so as to simplify financial service processes and shorten service cycles. Meanwhile, the financial regulators in China, such as PBOC, CBIRC, CSRC, have also applied technologies to the area of financial regulation, in order to reduce the cost of regulation, and promote the efficiency and effectiveness of regulation. In General, this book both pays attention to practical application and theoretical, which is a useful reference book for theoretical research and practical work, and also helps readers to understand the application of technologies in financial institutions and financial regulators in China.

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) Management in Aerospace and Civil Structures provides readers with the spectacular progress that has taken place over the last twenty years with respect to the area of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) Management. The SHM field encompasses transdisciplinary areas, including smart materials, sensors and actuators, damage diagnosis and prognosis, signal and image processing algorithms, wireless intelligent sensing, data fusion, and energy harvesting. This book focuses on how SHM techniques can be applied to aircraft, mechanical and civil engineering structures with particular emphasis on composite materials. This will be a valuable reference resource for R&D managers, materials scientists, and engineers working in the aerospace sector, for researchers and system designers working in industry, and for academia and government research agencies developing new systems for the SHM of aerospace, mechanical, and civil engineering structures.

Civil Engineering Materials: From Theory to Practice presents the state-of-the-art in civil engineering materials, including the fundamental theory of materials needed for civil engineering projects and unique insights from decades of large-scale construction in China. The title includes the latest advances in new materials and techniques for civil engineering, showing the relationship between composition, structure and properties, and covering ultra-high-performance concrete and self-compacting concrete developed in China. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the most commonly used, most advanced materials for use in civil engineering. This volume consists of eight chapters covering the fundamentals of materials, inorganic cementing materials, Portland cement concrete, bricks, blocks and building mortar, metal, wood, asphalt and polymers.

Formation Damage during Improved Oil Recovery: Fundamentals and Applications bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and field practice by presenting information on formation damage issues that arise during enhanced oil recovery. Multi-contributed technical chapters include sections on modeling and simulation, lab experiments, field case studies, and newly proposed technologies and methods that are related to formation damage during secondary and tertiary recovery processes in both conventional and unconventional reservoirs. Focusing on both the fundamental theories related to EOR and formation damage, this reference helps engineers formulate integrated and systematic designs for applying EOR processes while also considering formation damage issues.

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) in Aerospace Structures provides readers with the spectacular progress that has taken place over the last twenty years with respect to the area of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). The widespread adoption of SHM could both significantly improve safety and reduce maintenance and repair expenses that are estimated to be about a quarter of an aircraft fleet's operating costs. The SHM field encompasses transdisciplinary areas, including smart materials, sensors and actuators, damage diagnosis and prognosis, signal and image processing algorithms, wireless intelligent sensing, data fusion, and energy harvesting. This book focuses on how SHM techniques are applied to aircraft structures with particular emphasis on composite materials, and is divided into four main parts. Part One provides an overview of SHM technologies for damage detection, diagnosis, and prognosis in aerospace structures. Part Two moves on to analyze smart materials for SHM in aerospace structures, such as piezoelectric materials, optical fibers, and flexoelectricity. In addition, this also includes two vibration-based energy harvesting techniques for powering wireless sensors based on piezoelectric electromechanical coupling and diamagnetic levitation. Part Three explores innovative SHM technologies for damage diagnosis in aerospace structures. Chapters within this section include sparse array imaging techniques and phase array techniques for damage detection. The final section of the volume details innovative SHM technologies for damage prognosis in aerospace structures. This book serves as a key reference for researchers working within this industry, academic, and government research agencies developing new systems for the SHM of aerospace structures and materials scientists.

A central concern that has remained relevant in recent years has been the management of waste and pollution. Improper disposal methods such as open-air burning and unsafe recycling have led to significant public and environmental health issues including respiratory disorders, resource depletion, and infant mortality. Adopting new waste management techniques is a necessity in order to preserve the health of the global community and ecosystem. Waste Management Techniques for Improved Environmental and Public Health provides innovative insights into the advancing methods and technologies of reducing pollution and promoting sustainable development. The content within this publication examines ecological technologies, risk assessment, and green operation. It is designed for ecologists, biologists, researchers, enterprises, academicians, policymakers, scientists, environmental engineers, and students seeking current research on developing theories and techniques within waste moderation and environmental protection.

Knowledge Driven Development: Private Extension and Global Lessons uses actual cases written specifically to study the role and capacity of private companies in knowledge sharing and intensification through agricultural extension. Descriptions of specific models and approaches are teased out of complex situations exhibiting a range of agricultural, regulatory, socio-economic variables. Illustrative cases focus on a particular agricultural value chain and elaborate the special feature of the associated private extension system. Chapters presenting individual cases of private extension also highlight specific areas of variations and significant deviance. Each chapter begins with a section describing the background and agricultural context of the case, followed by a description of the specific crop value chain. Based on understanding of this context, extension models and methods by private companies receive deeper analysis and definition in the next section. This leads to a discussion of the private extension with respect to its relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, equity, sustainability and impact. Following that, comparison with public extension, the uniqueness of the knowledge intensification model, and lessons for its replication and scaling up are elaborated. The final chapter summarizes the major results from the ten cases presented, looking at the trends, commonalities and differences of various extension approaches and the general lessons for success or failure. It concludes with a set of messages around value creation, integrated services, market links, inclusive innovation, and capacity development.

Agent technologies are believed to be one of the most promising tools to conduct business via networks and the Web in an autonomous, intelligent, and efficient way. The ever-expanding application of business automation necessitates clarification of the methods and techniques of agent-based electronic business systems.

This book will summarize research work carried out so far on dissimilar metallic material welding using friction stir welding (FSW). Joining of dissimilar alloys and materials are needed in many engineering systems and is considered quite challenging. Research in this area has shown significant benefit in terms of ease of processing, material mixing, and superior mechanical properties such as joint efficiencies. A summary of these results will be discussed along with potential guidelines for designers.