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Among various branches of polymer physics an important position is
occupied by that vast area, which deals with the thermal behav ior
and thermal properties of polymers and which is normally called the
thermal physics of polymers. Historically it began when the un
usual thermo-mechanical behavior of natural rubber under stretch
ing, which had been discovered by Gough at the very beginning of
the last century, was studied 50 years later experimentally by
Joule and theoretically by Lord Kelvin. This made it possible even
at that time to distinguish polymers from other subjects of
physical investigations. These investigation laid down the basic
principles of solving the key problem of polymer physics -
rubberlike elasticity - which was solved in the middle of our
century by means of the statistical thermodynamics applied to chain
molecules. At approx imately the same time it was demonstrated, by
using the methods of solid state physics, that the low temperature
dependence of heat capacity and thermal expansivity of linear
polymers should fol low dependencies different from that
characteristic of nonpolymeric solids. Finally, new ideas about the
structure and morphology of polymers arised at the end of the 1950s
stimulated the development of new thermal methods (differential
scanning calorimetry, defor mation calorimetry), which have become
very powerful instruments for studying the nature of various states
of polymers and the struc tural heterogeneity."
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