Efficiency is one of the most frequently used terms in thermodynamics, and it indicates how well an energy conversion or process is accomplished. Efficiency is also one of the most frequently misused terms in thermodynamics and is often a source of misunderstanding. This is because efficiency is often used without being properly defined first. This book intends to provide a comprehensive evaluation of various efficiencies used for energy transfer and conversion systems including steady-flow energy devices (turbines, compressors, pumps, nozzles, heat exchangers, etc.), various power plants, cogeneration plants, and refrigeration systems. The book will cover first-law (energy based) and second-law (exergy based) efficiencies and provide a comprehensive understanding of their implications. It will help minimize the widespread misuse of efficiencies among students and researchers in energy field by using an intuitive and unified approach for defining efficiencies. The book will be particularly useful for a clear understanding of second law (exergy) efficiencies for various systems. It may serve as a reference book to the researchers in energy field. The definitions and concepts developed in the book will be explained through illustrative examples.

The third edition of "Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences" presents a balanced coverage of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer packaged in a manner suitable for use in introductory thermal sciences courses. By emphasizing the physics and underlying physical phenomena involved, the text gives students practical examples that allow development of an understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of thermal sciences. All the popular features of the previous edition are retained in this edition while new ones are added. This book features learning objectives. Each chapter now begins with an overview of the material to be covered and chapter-specific learning objectives to introduce the material and to set goals. It includes an early introduction to the first law of thermodynamics (Chapter 2) establishing a general understanding of energy, mechanisms of energy transfer, and the concept of energy balance, thermo-economics, and conversion efficiency.It features separate coverage of closed system and control volume energy analyses. The energy analysis of closed systems is now presented in a separate chapter (Chapter 5), and the conservation of mass is covered together with conservation of energy in another chapter (Chapter 6). It offers a new chapter on fluid kinematics. The all new Chapter 11 covers topics related to fluid kinematics, such as the Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions of fluid flows, flow patterns, and flow visualization. It features updated steam and refrigerant-134a tables. The steam and refrigerant-134a tables are updated using the most current property data from EES. Students will now get the same result when solving problems whether they use properties from EES or property tables in the appendices. Media Resources and Limited Academic Version of EES with selected text solutions are packaged with the text on the Student DVD.A website offers online resources for instructors including PowerPoint[registered] lecture slides, and complete solutions to homework problems.