This textbook presents a modern treatment of fundamentals of heat and mass transfer in the context of all types of multiphase flows with possibility of phase-changes among solid, liquid and vapor. It serves equally as a textbook for undergraduate senior and graduate students in a wide variety of engineering disciplines including mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, material science and engineering, nuclear engineering, biomedical engineering, and environmental engineering. Multiphase Heat Transfer and Flow can also be used to teach contemporary and novel applications of heat and mass transfer. Concepts are reinforced with numerous examples and end-of-chapter problems. A solutions manual and PowerPoint presentation are available to instructors. While the book is designed for students, it is also very useful for practicing engineers working in technical areas related to both macro- and micro-scale systems that emphasize multiphase, multicomponent, and non-conventional geometries with coupled heat and mass transfer and phase change, with the possibility of full numerical simulation.

During energy utilization and conversion, thermal energy is either an intermediate product or a byproduct; that is, thermal transport plays a critical role on efficiency, reliability, and safety of the energy systems. Recent development in nanotechnologies enabled significant improvement of the thermal energy storage performance, fuel cell, battery and thermoelectric devices. To meet the ever increasing challenges posed by energy systems, innovative and transformative measures must be taken to significantly improve the performance of these devices. Such measures will not be possible without a thorough understanding of thermal transport at molecular, nano-and microscale levels because physical phenomena occurring at the molecular, nano- and microscale will have profound effects on the performance at the system level. Understanding of multiscale thermal transport in the energy system is essential to improve their performance.

This book presents new research related to femtosecond laser ablation, coherent control, electronic and thermal processes, colouring, nanoscale heat transfer, and corneal refractive surgery. With laser-pulse durations of one quadrillionth of a second, femtosecond lasers are poised to change the way research is done in a variety of disciplines in science, engineering and medicine. The ability to remove material with minimal collateral damage may be the most striking feature that has not been matched by any other material processing technologies. With the processing power carried by each pulse entering pettawatts (1015 W) in less than 100 femtoseconds, femtosecond lasers can remove virtually any type of material in a few picoseconds while confining the process zone to within tens of nanometers. The result is clean cuts, strong welds, and precision destruction of small targets such as cancer cells with no injury to surrounding materials.

This book presents current research related to the synthesis, characterisation, and heat transfer of nanofluids. Nanofluids are stable colloidal suspensions of solid nanomaterials in base fluids. While nanoparticles were first added to base fluids to obtain nanofluids; other nanomaterials, like nanorods, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, nanosheets, or other nanocomposites, are used to synthesise the nanofluids. The types of base fluids cover a wide range of liquids that include water, oil, ethylene-glycol (automotive antifreeze), refrigerants, polymer solutions, or even bio-fluids. The special properties of nanomaterials and their interactions with base fluids lead to substantially different properties of nanofluids compared with that of base fluids. Significant physical insights into complex physical phenomena in nanofluids are gained via the utilisation of advanced theoretical tools and state-of-the-art experimental measurement techniques.