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This book presents a global overview of the background to, and the
current state of, crop protection and pest management in cotton
crops. Cotton is one of the most economically important crops in
the world and has been grown for centuries but maintaining high
yields of good quality requires sophisticated approaches to pest
management. The introduction and use of pesticides over the decades
significantly increased cotton yields but lead to many adverse
environmental impacts. Over time, new and alternative insecticides
were developed but overuse has enabled pests to develop significant
resistance. The development of genetically modified cotton
varieties with toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis enabled
much improved control of lepidopteran larvae, including bollworms,
but as the toxins had no effect on sucking pests, farmers had no
choice but to continue using insecticides. Also, some of the new
cotton varieties developed in recent times have not adapted to
different climatic conditions and the quality of cotton fibre
declined as a result. This book shows the need for more research to
select cotton varieties with high quality fibres suitable for
different cotton growing areas and to develop integrated pest
management strategies to minimise the use of pesticides. It also
demonstrates the need for an inter-disciplinary approach bringing
together plant breeders, entomologists, plant pathologists,
agronomists and agricultural engineers to achieve high yields of
high quality cotton. In the future, farmers will need to adopt new
technology to determine when and how pesticides are used in
conjunction with cultural and biological control strategies. *
Emphasises the importance of research on growing cotton in a world
experiencing climate change * Demonstrates how crucial crop
protection is in achieving high yields of high quality cotton *
Shows how new technology will bring major changes in how cotton is
grown in the future
Technologies like "Home Automation Systems" are still under
considerations and have not been developed up to the level of
ultimate maturity. Targeting the challenges of the proposition of a
home automation system capable of controlling house's electric
appliances and providing efficient security system, a thorough
research has been conducted in fields of System Automation,
Hardware Engineering, Software Engineering, Human Machine
Interaction, Mobile Programming, Produce Line Architectures,
Software Testing and Data Management Systems. Taking help from
reviewed research and using our personal research and development
experiences, we have proposed an approach i.e. Smart House. This
book discusses in detail the way to achieve the set goals of this
research along with the detailed presentation of system
requirements, proposed approach, hardware and software designs,
implemented prototype, testing, deployment, usage, benefits and
limitations. The presented research and development has been
performed as the part of author's bachelor project submitted in
Fall 2002 at Punjab Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of
Information Technology, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan.
Product Data Management (PDM) desktop and web based systems
maintain the organization's technical and managerial data to
increase the quality of products by improving the processes of
development, business process flows, change management, product
structure management, project tracking and resource planning.
Though PDM is heavily benefiting industry but PDM community is
still facing some serious unresolved issues in PDM system
development i.e., unfriendly web based graphical user interface
with massive controls and unintelligent way of searching records. I
strongly believe that if a product is very with lots of benefits
(e.g PDM System) but not easily adoptable by its users then in most
of the cases it becomes a failure in industry. The goal of this
research was to support the field of PDM with a new proposition of
a conceptual model for the implementation of natural language based
search and flexible web based graphical user interface including
the capabilities for knowledge management. Residing with in the
scope, proposed conceptual model was successfully designed and
implementation in the form of a prototype, and compared with some
existing real time PDM Systems.
This monograph is mainly about to discuss the research and
development have been performed to attain the goal of implementing
a natural language based search mechanism in product data
management systems. Going into the details, this research monograph
briefly presents the fields of Product Data Management, Natural
Language Processing and a project i.e. I-SOAS. Furthermore we also
discuss how can natural language based grammar be implemented using
semantic web technology i.e. Ontology. Later, in the end of this
research monograph we present a prototype developed with the use of
discussed concepts and technologies.
The main problem with Semantic Annotation is availability of
ontology for the domain. Ontology comprises of concept and
relationships. In an ontology, a concept may be atomic or defined
by a set of properties. This set of properties classifies the
concept with other concept in ontology. In this thesis, we present
an approach that deals with semantic annotation using properties of
concept than simple instance matching technique currently
available. In this approach, the document is analyzed for the
purpose of identifying these properties using ontology. If the
properties found in document match with properties of any concept
in ontology, the document is annotated with that concept. In this
way, documents are indexed according to these properties. The main
target of this thesis is to present approaches of how these
properties can be extracted from documents; both for the purpose of
semantic annotation and ontology building. To achieve this target,
two different approaches to information extraction are presented
for Semantic Annotation; namely "Rule Based" and "Dependency
Based."
This research proposes a solution to manage variabilities of
software product line applications. The objective of the research
is to support software decision makers in handling additional
software complexity introduced by product line architectures. In
order to fulfill this objective an approach to analyze, visualize,
and measure product line specific characteristics of the C/C++
source code are proposed. The approach is validated in an empirical
experiment using an open source software system. For that purpose
the approach is first implemented into M-System-NT, an existing
software measurement tool developed at Fraunhofer Institute for
Experimental Software engineering. The target hypothesis of the
research master thesis to perform static analysis of C/C++ source
code, measure traditional and product line measures to identify the
correlation between measures and indicate the fault proneness.
The research evaluates the performance of Punjab Rural Support
Programme's Community Primary Schools project in selected villages
of Lahore district. The study also examines the performance of
government girls' primary schools in the same villages on selected
indicators to have comparative performance analysis of the two
types of schools. The research was focused on enrollment, dropouts,
cost and cost effectiveness of education delivery and quality of
education delivery, facilities, services and community
participation in two types of schools and the problems and
suggestions of the children parents.
The objective of this book is to support software decision makers
in handling additional software complexity introduced by product
line architectures. This book is about to discuss the scientific
research and development work done in managing variable behavior of
traditional and Product Line Architecture based software
applications by analyzing their preprocessed source code with the
use of Metrics. In order to meet the objectives an approach to
analyze, visualize, and measure the Product Line specific
characteristics of the C/C++ source code has been proposed i.e.,
Zeeshan Ahmed C-Preprocessed Source Code Analyzer (ZAC). This
approach is validated by implementing into a software measurement
tool and experimenting using some real time software applications.
This book is a research monograph based on the conducted research
and development work as the part of a project 'Smart House'. This
monograph mainly discusses a digital, auto electric, mobile and
computerized house. Going into the details; the presented research
work describes designed and implemented hardware and software to
control a house's electric appliances to provide a mobile and
computerized home automation and security system.
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