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Written by international experts in their respective fields,
Sustainable Growth and Resource Productivity provides a
comprehensive overview of global issues of raw materials supply and
resource use. It also introduces new views and perspectives on the
sustainable growth of emerging economies and develops a rationale
for a new resource economics. This book emphasises why resources
are back on the agenda: firstly, because of their fundamental
economic role in technological progress and long-term prosperity;
secondly, because deficits in raw material markets are now
intertwined with deficits in the financial markets; and, thirdly,
because the sustainable management of natural resources is a
crucial element in responses to new global challenges such as
climate change. Sustainable Growth and Resource Productivity
analyses raw materials supply and resource use in a global context.
The contributions present state-of-the-art results and perspectives
on the availability of resources and discuss factors such as
limited supply, demand from emerging and other economies and the
critical shortage of some materials - particularly some metals -
that are essential inputs in many high-tech processes and may put
certain industries at risk. Sustainable Growth and Resource
Productivity sheds new light on the economics of sustainable
growth. Linking the current financial crisis with stock market
pricing and innovation dynamics, it argues for reforms in
international macro-economic policies. It also critically discusses
the implications of valuing labour productivity over capital and
resource productivity and argues that policies favouring capital
productivity will increase both social and economic sustainability.
Further contributions are made on the business dimensions of
material efficiency as well as on policy recommendations. The book
examines the overall empirical trend towards decoupling resource
use from economic growth. It undertakes a rigorous cross-country
comparison and looks in more detail at the cases of Finland and
Greece, as well as at emerging economies and their role in the
global governance of natural resources. A key focus is placed on
China, with discussion of recent findings regarding Chinese
domestic policy on energy, climate and resources as well as on
developing Chinese foreign policy in Africa. The book concludes
with the positing of a new theory of resource economics: an
emerging sub-discipline that puts resources at its heart but
clearly aligns with other fields of economics, and transcends the
borderlines of geology, geography, material science, recycling and
waste, as well as elements of other social sciences. This important
new book will be essential reading for economic researchers,
governmental officials, businesses and NGOs with an interest in
understanding the policy links to sustainable growth and in
learning more about the emerging field of resource productivity.
This book is the first systematic and comprehensive analysis of the
economic implications of carbon abatement for the Chinese economy.
It evaluates the economics of climate change and provides national,
cost-effective policies for climate change. The book consists of
three main parts, firstly, an analysis of the Chinese energy system
to increase awareness of the implications of this sector for
China's future carbon dioxide emissions, secondly, a macroeconomic
analysis of carbon dioxide emissions limits using a newly-developed
computable general equilibrium model of the Chinese economy; and
fianlly, a cost-effective analysis of carbon abatement options by
means of a technology-oriented dynamic optimization model. The
author begins by introducing some of the economic aspects of
climate change including the consequences of climate change,damage
estimates of carbon dioxide emissions, strategies for responding to
climate change and policy instruments to control carbon dioxide
emissions. This discussion then focuses on the Chinese energy
system and possible sectoral and macroeconomic effects of limiting
carbon dioxide emissions. In this examination Dr Zhang considers
the effects of recycling carbon tax revenues and compliance with
carbon dioxide limits in China's power industry. The author also
evaluates various economic models in analyzing cost estimates for
limiting carbon dioxide emissions, including an input-output
approach, dynamic optimization and a computable general equilibrium
approach. Finally, there is a discussion of technological aspects
of carbon abatement in the Chinese power industry. The Economics of
Energy Policy in China will be of interest to energy and
environmental economists and policymakers.
This pioneering book provides a comprehensive, rigorous and
in-depth analysis of China's energy and environmental policy for
the transition towards a low-carbon economy. This unique book
focuses on concrete, constructive and realistic solutions to
China's unprecedented environmental pollution and rising greenhouse
gas emissions from burning fossil fuels and energy security as a
result of steeply rising oil imports. It provides an up-to-date
factual analysis of China's efforts and commitments to improve
energy efficiency, to cut pollutants and to increase the use of
renewable energy to create a low-carbon economy. The author
explores many of the policies and measures that China has put in
place to save energy and reduce emissions, as well as examines new
policies and measures in order for China to be successful. Energy
and Environmental Policy in China will prove to be of great value
to practitioners and policy makers, as well as to academies and
students in the areas of economics, environmental studies, Asian
studies, regional and urban studies, law, political science and
sociology.
Human societies face a threatening future of resource scarcity and
environmental damages. This book addresses the challenge of turning
these risks into opportunities and policies. It is a collection of
high level contributions from experts of sustainable growth and
sustainable resource management. Focussing on economics,
sustainability, technology and policy, the book highlights system
innovation, leapfrogging strategies of emerging economies, possible
rebound effects and international market development. It puts
natural resources centre stage and will make an important
contribution to achieving the goal of a 21st century Green Economy.
This monograph provides a comprehensive review of the literature on
competitiveness and leakage concerns associated with differentiated
climate abatement commitments among countries. The literature
reviewed is not exhausted, but it is sufficient to provide a
balanced view of both academics and policy circles. Section 2
discusses main channels of carbon leakage. Section 3 discusses how
to identify the sectors at a risk of carbon leakage. Section 4
examines ex ante estimates of potential carbon leakage rates, and
explains why they differ from ex post results of environmental tax
reforms and greenhouse gas emissions trading schemes that have been
implemented in the European Union. Section 5 discusses broad policy
options to address competitiveness and leakage concerns, and
compares which anti-leakage policy, border adjustments or
output-based allocation, is more effective to limiting carbon
leakages or mitigating production loss in the sectors affected.
Given that border carbon adjustment measures were incorporated in
the U.S. proposed congressional climate bills to level the carbon
playing field and could have potential conflicts with World Trade
Organization (WTO) provisions and practical difficulties associated
with their implementation, Section 6 discuses in great detail the
WTO consistency, the effectiveness and methodological challenges of
border carbon adjustment measures. The monograph ends with some
concluding remarks.
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