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A best-selling history of the Third Crusade, when the Catholic
Church waged war against heretics in its own ranks In 1208 Pope
Innocent III called for a Crusade against a country of
fellow-Christians. The new enemy was Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse,
one of the greatest princes in Western Christendom, premier baron
of all the territories in southern France where the langue d'oc was
spoken. So began the Albigensian Crusade (named after the French
town of Albi), which was to culminate in 1244 with the massacre of
Cathars at the mountain fortress of Montsegur. This Crusade was the
Catholic Church's response to the rapid growth of a rival Christian
religion in the very heart of Christendom - the religion of the
Cathars (or 'pure ones'). These heretics drew their strength from
the consciousness of belonging to a faith that had never seen eye
to eye with Catholicism and was more ancient than the Church
itself. From the beginning this religious war was to show all the
characteristics of a national resistance movement, so that in the
end it was not just the survival of the Cathar faith that was at
stake but also that of the Languedoc itself as an autonomous and
independent region of France.
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