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The present volume covers the physiology of the visual system
beyond the optic nerve. It is a continuation of the two preceding
parts on the photochemistry and the physiology of the eye, and
forms a bridge from them to the fourth part on visual
psychophysics. These fields have all developed as independent
speciali ties and need integrating with each other. The processing
of visual information in the brain cannot be understood without
some knowledge of the preceding mechanisms in the photoreceptor
organs. There are two fundamental reasons, ontogenetic and
functional, why this is so: 1) the retina of the vertebrate eye has
developed from a specialized part of the brain; 2) in processing
their data the eyes follow physiological principles similar to the
visual brain centres. Peripheral and central functions should also
be discussed in context with their final synthesis in subjective
experience, i. e. visual perception. Microphysiology and
ultramicroscopy have brought new insights into the neuronal basis
of vision. These investigations began in the periphery: HARTLINE'S
pioneering experiments on single visual elements of Limulus in 1932
started a successful period of neuronal recordings which ascended
from the retina to the highest centres in the visual brain. In the
last two decades modern electron microscopic techniques and
photochemical investigations of single photoreceptors further
contributed to vision research."
This book presents an analysis of limits in perception from the
vantage point of the physicist, the engineer, the psychophysicist,
the psychologist and the theorist. Limits in perception find their
causal explanation at many logically and/or physically different
levels. Some of the most fundamental bottlenecks are due to the
quantum mechanical and atomistic structure of the microworld. Other
simple constraints are due to the material constitution of sensory
organs. For instance, the fact that the eye is predominantly
composed of water limits both the optical quality and the available
spectral window. The engineer uses knowledge on such limits to
design equipment that optimizes human performance in daily life.
Examples include room acoustics and visual displays.
Psychophysicists and psychologists deal with limits on a quite
different logical level. These limits constrain much of our
perceptually guided behaviour. The book includes chapters on such
topics as movement perception, binocular vision, illusory
phenomena, language and perception, the perception of time. A few
concluding chapters on fundamental limits imposed by information
theoretical constraints on the coding and representation of sensed
structure are included. Limits in Perception will be important
reading material for scientists and/or engineers in the following
fields: perception, experimental psychology, sensory biology,
physics, neuroscience, human engineering, artificial intelligence,
robotics, ophthalmology, audiology, psychonomics and ergonomics,
remote sensing.
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