Psychological service in the wake of cataclysmic life events has emerged as a prominent and visible component of social response. This has generated a bandwagon of potential service providers, service approaches, and service venues. Where once help was scarce, it has become plentiful enough to engender its own set of conflicts and contradictions along with its intended solace and aid. "Response to Disaster" reconciles the technical, theoretical, and applied interests represented in these various populations and provides a contemporary treatment that can help define the directions of their increasing interaction.

Psychological service after cataclysmic life events is a prominent component of social response The book reconciles the technical, theoretical and applied interests, of different professionals and helps define the directions of their interaction.

The individual and institutional capacities required for the prevention and reduction of nutritional insecurity and hunger in lesser-developed countries as the twenty-first century approaches are identified in this book. Household nutritional "security" can be defined as the successful
The essays in this book champion the idea of increasing, or scaling up, grass roots operations to provide nutritional security, while scaling down the efforts of national and international institutions. Scaling up involves strengthening local capacities to improve and expand upon current successful programs by building upon existing local culture and organizations. This, in turn, enables the programs to strengthen relationships with national governments, international bilateral/multilateral donors, as well as non-governmental organizations. Scaling down concerns the ways and means by which these various organizations encourage and complement the local development. Therefore, as local capacities are scaled up, the national/international control over decisions and functions is, ideally, scaled down. The volume also directly addresses the resultant complication: how to create programs that are both culturally specific and that will flourish well into the future.

The book traces the history of international humanitarianism from the anti-slavery movement to the end of the cold war. It is based on an extensive survey of the international literature and is retold in an original narrative that relies on a close examination of the sources. The reconstruction of humanitarianism's long history unfolds around some crucial moments and events: the colonial expansion of European countries, the two world wars and their aftermaths, the emergence of a new postcolonial order. In terms of its contents, narrative style, interpretative approach the book is aimed at a large and diverse public including: scholars who are studying and teaching humanitarianism; students who need to learn about humanitarianism as part of their training or research; operators and volunteers who are engaged in the field; non-specialist readers who are interested in the topic because of its relevance to current events. -- .

This volume looks at the effectiveness of conditionality in structural adjustment programmes. Tony Killick charts the emergence of conditionality, and challenges the widely held assumption that it is a co-operative process, arguing that in fact it tends to be coercive and detrimental to development objectives. Through detailed case studies of twenty one recipient countries, he explores the key issues of:
* ownership
* role of agencies
* government objectives and the effects of policy.
The conclusion is that conditionality has been counterproductive to price stability, economic growth and investment.

This volume looks at the effectiveness of conditionality in structural adjustment programmes. Tony Killick charts the emergence of conditionality, and challenges the widely held assumption that it is a co-operative process, arguing that in fact it tends to be coercive and detrimental to development objectives. Through detailed case studies of twenty one recipient countries, he explores the key issues of:
* ownership
* role of agencies
* government objectives and the effects of policy.
The conclusion is that conditionality has been counterproductive to price stability, economic growth and investment.

Three years ago, award-winning actress Angelina Jolie took on a radically different role as a Goodwill Ambassador for the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Here are her memoirs from her journeys to Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Pakistan, Cambodia and Ecuador, where she lived and worked and gave her heart to those who suffer the world's most shattering violence and victimization. Here are her revelations of joy and warmth amid utter destitution, compelling snapshots of courageous and inspiring people for whom survival is their daily work and candid notes from a unique pilgrimage that completely changed the actress's worldview - and the world within herself.

Presenting a psychological approach to development studies, this work focuses on the social aspects of aid and the motivational foundations. Designed as a practical tool for looking at development projects in a new and structured way, the book brings together many of the social aspects of development and aid, from the needs of the Northern donor to the public tensions between Third World host and foreign development agencies.

Dams As Aid brings together key issues in the aid/environment/development debate. Through her examination of dams, Usher sheds light on wider issues of the political economy of aid.
Detailed analysis of dams and aid case studies are included, particularly on Nordic dams which provide most graphic illustrations, and these detailed case studies are located within a broad comparative and theoretical perspective.

An ongoing challenge for Western aid projects in the Third World is that all too often results do not meet expectations. Determined to address this issue at the outset before committing greater sums to its aid to Nepal, in 1996 the Norwegian Foreign Ministry commissioned an extensive analysis of development needs and concrete aid achievements for that country. Now substantially reworked and expanded with data not previously available to international scholars, this study of the energy, health and education sectors in Nepal - as well as the situation there of democracy and human rights - will be of especial interest to researchers and NGOs working in the area.

The U.S.-led intervention in Somalia that began in December 1992 is the most significant instance to date of "peacemaking" by the international community. The heady promise of Operation Restore Hope and the subsequent disappointments have had a resounding impact on the policies of Western governments and the UN as they have tried to cope with humanitarian emergencies in Rwanda, Bosnia, and elsewhere. However, it is questionable how correct the lessons so quickly derived from the Somalia experience actually were. At the same time, many important organizational and operational innovations during the Somalia exercise have not received sufficient attention. Learning from Somalia is therefore critical if the international community is to respond better to tragedies that threaten millions of human lives.Contributors to this book, many of whom are policymakers who were either in Mogadishu or Washington during the relief missions, examine the intervention in Somalia and draw lessons for future peacekeeping operations. They analyze many aspects of peacemaking that are not well understood, including efforts to rebuild the police force, the dynamics of the economy, the relationship between the military and nongovernmental organizations, and the performance of European armies. The book also discusses international politics surrounding the crisis, especially the relationship between the United States and the UN and the legal justifications for intervention. The concluding chapters discuss the prospects for intervention efforts in light of the Somalia experience.

This book focuses on the normative side of trade theory and is divided into five parts:
* trade under perfect competition;
* restricted trade under perfect competition;
* trade under imperfect competition and other distortions;
* Compensation: lumpsum, non-lumpsum or neither?
* International trade

The last decade has seen some significant changes in international development and in the status of non-governmental organisations operating in the field. Not only has the number of NGOs virtually doubled; many of them have seen a considerable growth in their budgets, and have grown closer to governments and official aid agencies. NGOs are acknowledged by many to be more effective agents of development than governments or commercial interests ? even as a ?magic bullet? for development problems. Despite these positive trends, the real impact of the NGO sector is not well documented. This is partly because NGO performance-assessment and accountability methods are weak, and partly because NGOs are caught up increasingly in the world of official aid, which pushes them towards certain forms of evaluation at the expense of others. This unique book takes a hard and critical look at these issues, and describes how NGOs can, and must, improve the way they measure and account for their performance if they are to be truly effective.

When the major aid organizations made flows of aid conditional on changes in policy, they prompted an extensive debate in development circles. Aid and Power has made one of the most significant and influential contributions to that debate. This edition has been revised to take account of changes within the World Bank itself and the extension of policy based lending to the formerly socialist economies of east and central Europe.

When the major aid organizations made flows of aid conditional on changes in policy, they prompted an extensive debate in development circles. Aid and Power has made one of the most significant and influential contributions to that debate. This edition has been revised to take account of changes within the World Bank itself and the extension of policy based lending to the formerly socialist economies of east and central Europe.

"Trade, Aid and Global Interdependence" introduces trade as both concept and activity, placing aid wihting the context of trade in practice. The trend towards the globalization of trade, especially in the light of GATT and its emphasis on greater integration of economies throughout the world, means developing countries increasingly want both trade and aid, as aid alone is insufficient to bring about growth and economic development. Using a number of Third World case studies from Africa, Asia and Central and Latin America, this book analyzes this competitive partnership of international trade and economic development and discusses how various development strategies have been devised to respond to particular economic, social and environmental challenges.
"Trade, Aid and Global Interdependence" is a comprehensive introduction to the complex topic of international trade and provides an important evaluation of global development--past, present and future.

Foreign aid has increasingly been subject to political conditionality. In the 1980s, the Bretton Woods institutions and major Western governments made aid dependent on reforms of the economic policy of recipient countries. The main objective of this first generation conditionality was to bring balance in their internal and external economy. Market liberalisation was the primary instrument, if not an objective in its own right. In the 1990s, first generation conditionality, characterised by its structural adjustment programmes, was brought one step further. With the old bipolar world system breaking down, political conditionality of a different brand came out in the open. This second generation conditionality linked aid to political reforms which even involved the governing system at the recipient side: democracy, human rights and 'good governance'. This volume aims at taking stock of these developments. The volume emerges from a research project carried out within the framework of the Working Group on Aid Policy and Performance of the European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI). It will be of considerable interest to researchers and university teachers in the field of development studies, and of particular interest to politicians and administrators at all levels concerned with development assistance, in providing an overview of the state of the art of the most topical aid policy issue of the 1990s.

This critical analysis of aid organizations illustrates the expanding role of NGOs in international relief operations, and highlights the problems confronted by humanitarian groups. The book presents an overview of recent trends in the international relief community. Various relief operations are compared, to demonstrate why NGO co-ordination has become such an important issue. Case studies show how enhanced international co-ordination could improve the overall performance of NGOs and the United Nations.

"Sharing the Front Line and the Back Hills" points to a crisis facing international institutions and the media who seek to alleviate and report human suffering throughout the world. The goals of the editor are to tell the story of thousands of individuals dedicated to helping others; and to integrate issues of protection and care into all levels of planning, implementing and evaluating international intervention and action. The book identifies approaches that have proven useful and explores and suggests future directions.

After a decade of uneasy peace, the historic conflict between the Northern Sudanese, who identify with their Middle Eastern neighbors, and the Southern Sudanese, who are of African heritage, erupted into violent conflict in 1983. This ferocious civil war, with its Arab militias and widespread use of automatic weapons, has devastated the populace. Nature has added to the miseries of war, bringing drought and famine to the already battered victims of violence. Although this regional calamity remains largely unknown to the outside world, the death toll among the Southern Sudanese far exceeds that in both Somalia or Bosnia. Over a million people have either perished or been displaced.This chilling account of the ravages of drought and civil war is based on a wealth of documents?never made public?from Sudanese government sources, private and foreign governmental aid agencies, research groups, international media, and other organizations involved in famine relief efforts. The authors graphically recount how the attempts of the international agencies and humanitarian organzations to provide food and medical relief have been thwarted by bureaucratic infighting, corruption, greed, and ineptitude.This rich narrative illustrates with great clarity the convoluted relationship that relief agencies had with the Sudanese government as they tried to negotiate the means of survival for the area's desperate population. It is a sad tale of the tragic human consequences of the failure of conflict resolution, of organizational mismanagement, and of a government hostile toward its own people.

Policy ownership of development agenda emerged as an important aspect in international development cooperation during the 1990s in the wake of evident failures of reform initiatives in developing countries steered by donor agencies, particularly the international financial institutions (IFIs), the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The principal focus of this book is to examine Bangladesh's policy ownership in its PRSP by broadly analyzing the dynamics in the formulation process and examining the principal actors' contribution to the formulation process. This book also deals with several other dimensions of foreign aid and its changing features including the shifts in WB-IMF's approach to development cooperation. This book argues that the WB-IMF strongly influence Bangladesh's development strategies and agendas and in general the WB-IMF have not changed much in their aid relationship despite clear limitations of their previous reform models. Building on Bangladesh's current level of development the book advocates that Bangladesh needs to adopt a new model for development agenda setting. Illustrating the influences of donor communities on the creation of development strategies in developing countries, this book presents a macro dynamics of the political economy of international development cooperation. It will be of interest to academics and professionals working on political economy, governance, public policy and development cooperation as well as South Asian Studies.

This is a fully revised new edition of this acclaimed practical manual.Indispensable for fieldworkers on projects or programs aiming to reduce the incidence of water-and-sanitation-related diseases, this book will also be useful for other relief and development workers, particularly those working in the fields of community development, health, and engineering.The authors describe a wide range of approaches to hygiene promotion that can be used in different settings. Central to these approaches is a commitment to working in collaboration with people and encouraging them to take more control over the factors that influence their lives. The authors stress the need for a form of hygiene promotion that fosters capacity-building rather than the provision of information alone.The opening chapter of the manual introduces the reader to the context of emergency relief and development projects and provides insights into current hygiene promotion theory. The main body of the text then goes on to consider the four phases of the project cycle--assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation--each of which is assigned a chapter for discussion. These chapters draw together the experience of hygiene promotion fieldworkers in many emergency and rehabilitation, water, sanitation, and hygiene program undertaken by CARE and other agencies. The annex comprises other useful material including a series of concise "how-to" guides, pictures for use or adaptation in the field, information about hygiene-related diseases and how to prevent them, and an annotated bibliography.

The growth of health promotion as a topic for discussion and a principle for practice is widespread, and affects all groups of health professionals. The "Healthy Cities" project, like "Health for All", was inaugurated by the World Health Organization and has informed policy throughout the world. This volume examines the application of the project in a number of countries. The contributors explore problems in the relationship between policy makers, communities and academic researchers, and discuss how the "Healthy Cities" programme affects housing policy, commmunity development, scientific interchange and health education. In addition, John Davies and Michael Kelly provide a context by tracing the history of the WHO projects, and then discuss them in the broader context of scientific and philosophical debates about modernism and post-modernism. The contributors are drawn from practitioners and scientists with wide experience in this area from the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and the United States.

A heroic doctor's unflinchingly honest and visceral tale of impossible choices in emergency medicine. 'A brilliant insight into the forgotten heroes at the sharp end of humanitarian emergencies.' Jon Snow, Channel 4 News This is a story of tireless hard work and astonishing bravery. Tony Redmond has deployed to wars, refugee crises, air crashes, earthquakes, typhoons, volcanoes, and disease outbreaks for over thirty years. Featuring tales of hope and redemption, as well as untold suffering and mismanagement, this raw, honest account could only have been written by someone who has for decades performed incredible feats of altruism. Frontline takes the reader from the wards of Manchester's Nightingale hospital to Kosovo, from Sierra Leone's Ebola outbreak to Lockerbie, and from Haiti to the Philippines. We find its author risking life and limb to help those affected by events beyond their control. But while humanitarian work and medicine require an innate goodness, not all those involved have benign motives. And saving lives requires difficult choices: between the desire to relieve suffering and the need to weigh up the context. Too often medical aid is found wanting, doing more harm than good. How are life-or-death choices made in the heat of the moment? What are the consequences of your action, or inaction? Is it better at times to do nothing? How do you live with yourself if you want to help but can't? This is a frank account of the personal toll - physical, mental and social - emergency medicine levies on those who choose to do it. But ultimately, Frontline offers a tale of optimism, persistence and triumph over adversity, speaking to the resilience and fortitude of those who help and those whose lives they save.