Strong financial management skills are essential to promote high program standards in international development organizations. Many non-finance people find numbers and financial techniques difficult, and some just give up or expect someone else to handle them. However, NGO managers and other staff are responsible for sound financial management and without full understanding their programs will be, at best, less effective, and, at worst, vulnerable to going unfunded.To help avoid these problems, many development agencies provide financial training for their non-finance staff, and also their partners. But just providing more skills training does not address all the issues. Poor communication about financial information, by both finance and non-finance people, often seems to cause a block. This book helps people speak and write better financial information, avoiding jargon, and preventing their listeners from switching off. It explains why messages about finance may not be received as they were intended when working cross-culturally and outlines how information can be tailored to different audiences. It outlines how to design training sessions that improve understanding and collaboration between finance and non-finance people, including partner organizations, trustees, and staff."Communicating Financial Management to Non- Finance People" should be read by non-finance and finance managers and staff within nonprofit organizations internationally, as well as other organizations.

Peter Hjertholm, Editorial Assistant

Aid has worked in the past but can be made to work better in the future. In this important new book, leading economists and political scientists, including experienced aid practitioners, re-examine foreign aid, The evolution of development doctrine over the past fifty years is critically investigated, and conventional wisdom and current practice is challenged. As well as offering important new research material, the book opens up new directions for future practice and policy. It will be of vital interest to those working in economics, politics, and development studies, as well as governmental and aid professionals.

Contents:
List of tables List of figures List of Contributors List of Acronyms and abbreviations Preface Foreign aid development: Summary and synthesis Sherman Robinson and Finn Tarp PART I: Major themes 1. The evolution of the development doctrine and the role of foreign aid, 1950-2000 Erik Thorbecke 2. The role of government in economic development Irma Adelman 3. Foreign aid in historical perspective: background and trends Peter Hjertholm and Howard White 4. Aid effectiveness disputed Henrik Hansen and Finn Tarp PART II 5. From project aid to programme assistance Paul Mosley and Marion J. Eeckhout 6. Technical co-operation Channing Arndt 7. Sector programme assistance Ole Mølgård Andersen 8. Food aid as an aid instrument: past, present and future Bjørg Colding and Per Pinstrup-Andersen PART III Economic perspectives on aid design 9. Using aid to reduce poverty John Healey and Tony Killick 10. Gender equality and foreign aid Lisa Ann Richey 11. Foreign aid, development and the environment Rasmus Heltberg and Uffe Nielsen 12. Aid and failed reforms: the case of public sector management Elliot J. Berg 13. Foreign aid and private sector development Mads Váczy Kragh, Jørgen Birk Mortensen, Henrik Schaumburg-Müller and Hans Peter Slente 14. Financial sector aid Jens Kovsted 15. Foreign aid and the macroeconomy Peter Hjertholm, Jytte Laursen and Howard White PART IV Broader issues 16. Foreign aid in the emerging global trade environment Oliver Morrissey 17, Aid and conflict Tony Addison 18. Aid, conditionality and debt in Africa Ravi Kanbur 19. Political economy of foreign aid Raymond F. Hopkins References Index

The individual and institutional capacities required for the prevention and reduction of nutritional insecurity and hunger in lesser-developed countries as the twenty-first century approaches are identified in this book. Household nutritional "security" can be defined as the successful
The essays in this book champion the idea of increasing, or scaling up, grass roots operations to provide nutritional security, while scaling down the efforts of national and international institutions. Scaling up involves strengthening local capacities to improve and expand upon current successful programs by building upon existing local culture and organizations. This, in turn, enables the programs to strengthen relationships with national governments, international bilateral/multilateral donors, as well as non-governmental organizations. Scaling down concerns the ways and means by which these various organizations encourage and complement the local development. Therefore, as local capacities are scaled up, the national/international control over decisions and functions is, ideally, scaled down. The volume also directly addresses the resultant complication: how to create programs that are both culturally specific and that will flourish well into the future.

Mass Fatality and Casualty Incidents: A Field Guide presents in checklist form the recommended responses to events that result in mass fatalities, such as the Oklahoma City bombing, the crash of a jet airliner, or the attack on the World Trade Center. All cities in the United States will have to have a mass fatality disaster plan in effect by the end of 1999.

Mr. Jensen is a leading authority in this area and provides training for police, fire and hospital personnel (including EMTs and social workers), local, state, federal and international emergency planners and responders.

This book details actions that are part of a mass fatality incident response. Specifically, they are the actions that begin once life and property preservation ceases and continues through to the release of the deceased. Thus, primary focus is on search, recovery, medicolegal investigation, personal effects operations, family assistance operations, and media operations. Ancillary steps include logistics support, security, responder protection, attitudes and coping with mass death.

In the 1990s, a widely shared conviction emerged among aid donors that their policies should be more coherent than in the past. The drive towards increased policy coherence came as a response to a state of policy incoherence. The shifting grounds of policy coherence in development co-operation are outlined in this volume. The policies of some selected donorcountries - Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland - are scrutinized and analyzed, with particluar reference to the internal coherence of its development co-operation policy and the common foreign and security policy, and the coherence of EU policies and the bilateral policies of its member states. Some perspectives are highlighted in separate contributions: one analyzes coherene and incoherence of aid and trade policies; another the challenge of policy coherence in the new global order. Governance and coherence in development co-operation are also given particular focus as are coherent approaches to so-called complex emergencies, taking Belgium's policies towards the Great Lakes Region of Central Africa as the point of departure.

Wars and natural disasters--from the Balkans to the Sudan, and from Afghanistan to Central Africa--have increasingly placed humanitarian workers in the crossfire. Kevin M. Cahill has assembled an international team of renowned experts to offer a much-needed assessment of the moral, legal and political dilemmas and consequences of humanitarian assistance.
Focusing on health issues, "A Framework for Survival" takes an unflinching look at the reality facing the nations and people involved, from refugees to relief organizations. In contrast to conventional military, economic and geopolitical strategies, it suggests rational and effective solutions and foreign policy recommendations. With the collapse of many government infrastructures since the end of the Cold War, the success or failure of humanitarian efforts may, to a large extent, define the world's chances for survival.

Psychological service in the wake of cataclysmic life events has emerged as a prominent and visible component of social response. This has generated a bandwagon of potential service providers, service approaches, and service venues. Where once help was scarce, it has become plentiful enough to engender its own set of conflicts and contradictions along with its intended solace and aid. "Response to Disaster" reconciles the technical, theoretical, and applied interests represented in these various populations and provides a contemporary treatment that can help define the directions of their increasing interaction.

Psychological service after cataclysmic life events is a prominent component of social response The book reconciles the technical, theoretical and applied interests, of different professionals and helps define the directions of their interaction.

This completely updated version of An Introduction to Emergency Exercise Design and Evaluation is designed to help practitioners and students of emergency management understand various aspects of the exercise design process. Emergency exercises are an important component of an organization's emergency planning and preparedness, yet few emergency managers and practitioners have training in designing or evaluating them. In this updated and practical handbook, author Robert McCreight explains the essential elements and core principles of exercise design and evaluation. This book focuses on natural disasters and technological emergencies that occur in communities of any size. It provides emergency planners, public health professionals, emergency managers, police officers, and fire fighters with an in-depth look at exercise design issues and an accessible guide to designing and evaluating emergency exercises.

In the 1990s, a widely shared conviction emerged among aid donors that their policies should be more coherent than in the past. The drive towards increased policy coherence came as a response to a state of policy incoherence. The shifting grounds of policy coherence in development co-operation are outlined in this volume. The policies of some selected donorcountries - Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland - are scrutinized and analyzed, with particluar reference to the internal coherence of its development co-operation policy and the common foreign and security policy, and the coherence of EU policies and the bilateral policies of its member states. Some perspectives are highlighted in separate contributions: one analyzes coherene and incoherence of aid and trade policies; another the challenge of policy coherence in the new global order. Governance and coherence in development co-operation are also given particular focus as are coherent approaches to so-called complex emergencies, taking Belgium's policies towards the Great Lakes Region of Central Africa as the point of departure."

This volume looks at the effectiveness of conditionality in structural adjustment programmes. Tony Killick charts the emergence of conditionality, and challenges the widely held assumption that it is a co-operative process, arguing that in fact it tends to be coercive and detrimental to development objectives. Through detailed case studies of twenty one recipient countries, he explores the key issues of:
* ownership
* role of agencies
* government objectives and the effects of policy.
The conclusion is that conditionality has been counterproductive to price stability, economic growth and investment.

This volume looks at the effectiveness of conditionality in structural adjustment programmes. Tony Killick charts the emergence of conditionality, and challenges the widely held assumption that it is a co-operative process, arguing that in fact it tends to be coercive and detrimental to development objectives. Through detailed case studies of twenty one recipient countries, he explores the key issues of:
* ownership
* role of agencies
* government objectives and the effects of policy.
The conclusion is that conditionality has been counterproductive to price stability, economic growth and investment.

"Sharing the Front Line and the Back Hills" points to a crisis facing international institutions and the media who seek to alleviate and report human suffering throughout the world. The goals of the editor are to tell the story of thousands of individuals dedicated to helping others; and to integrate issues of protection and care into all levels of planning, implementing and evaluating international intervention and action. The book identifies approaches that have proven useful and explores and suggests future directions.

Policy ownership of development agenda emerged as an important aspect in international development cooperation during the 1990s in the wake of evident failures of reform initiatives in developing countries steered by donor agencies, particularly the international financial institutions (IFIs), the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The principal focus of this book is to examine Bangladesh's policy ownership in its PRSP by broadly analyzing the dynamics in the formulation process and examining the principal actors' contribution to the formulation process. This book also deals with several other dimensions of foreign aid and its changing features including the shifts in WB-IMF's approach to development cooperation. This book argues that the WB-IMF strongly influence Bangladesh's development strategies and agendas and in general the WB-IMF have not changed much in their aid relationship despite clear limitations of their previous reform models. Building on Bangladesh's current level of development the book advocates that Bangladesh needs to adopt a new model for development agenda setting. Illustrating the influences of donor communities on the creation of development strategies in developing countries, this book presents a macro dynamics of the political economy of international development cooperation. It will be of interest to academics and professionals working on political economy, governance, public policy and development cooperation as well as South Asian Studies.

Presenting a psychological approach to development studies, this work focuses on the social aspects of aid and the motivational foundations. Designed as a practical tool for looking at development projects in a new and structured way, the book brings together many of the social aspects of development and aid, from the needs of the Northern donor to the public tensions between Third World host and foreign development agencies.

Dams As Aid brings together key issues in the aid/environment/development debate. Through her examination of dams, Usher sheds light on wider issues of the political economy of aid.
Detailed analysis of dams and aid case studies are included, particularly on Nordic dams which provide most graphic illustrations, and these detailed case studies are located within a broad comparative and theoretical perspective.

An ongoing challenge for Western aid projects in the Third World is that all too often results do not meet expectations. Determined to address this issue at the outset before committing greater sums to its aid to Nepal, in 1996 the Norwegian Foreign Ministry commissioned an extensive analysis of development needs and concrete aid achievements for that country. Now substantially reworked and expanded with data not previously available to international scholars, this study of the energy, health and education sectors in Nepal - as well as the situation there of democracy and human rights - will be of especial interest to researchers and NGOs working in the area.

In The Foreign Aid Business, Kunibert Raffer and Hans Singer offer an incisive analysis of aid and development finance, examine the key issues and new trends in aid as well as proposing a series of fundamental improvements. Distinguishing clearly between 'aid' and 'help' in development finance, the authors discuss aid in the context of other North-South flows, such as trade or debt service, and describe its role and evolution during the Cold War. They address in detail issues such as food aid, the European Union's Lome co-operation, Japan's emergence as the largest donor and its specific aid philosophy, the often neglected question of South-South aid and the role of non-governmental organizations. The new trends analyzed in this book include political conditionality, the UNDP's proposal to reorient aid towards human development and the question of aid diversion to the former communist countries. The Foreign Aid Business concludes by proposing a series of innovative reforms for development aid and finance. The authors advocate major improvements which include combining emergency and development aid, the financial accountability of donors, international insolvency to stop aid bailing-out creditors and the emulation of the Marshall pla's successful self-monitoring by recipients. Combining a sophisticated analysis of current issues and trends with innovative new ideas for raising the effectiveness of development aid and finance, this substantial new book will be welcomed by academic scholars, policymakers and practitioners as a major contribution to our understanding of the foreign aid business.

The U.S.-led intervention in Somalia that began in December 1992 is the most significant instance to date of "peacemaking" by the international community. The heady promise of Operation Restore Hope and the subsequent disappointments have had a resounding impact on the policies of Western governments and the UN as they have tried to cope with humanitarian emergencies in Rwanda, Bosnia, and elsewhere. However, it is questionable how correct the lessons so quickly derived from the Somalia experience actually were. At the same time, many important organizational and operational innovations during the Somalia exercise have not received sufficient attention. Learning from Somalia is therefore critical if the international community is to respond better to tragedies that threaten millions of human lives.Contributors to this book, many of whom are policymakers who were either in Mogadishu or Washington during the relief missions, examine the intervention in Somalia and draw lessons for future peacekeeping operations. They analyze many aspects of peacemaking that are not well understood, including efforts to rebuild the police force, the dynamics of the economy, the relationship between the military and nongovernmental organizations, and the performance of European armies. The book also discusses international politics surrounding the crisis, especially the relationship between the United States and the UN and the legal justifications for intervention. The concluding chapters discuss the prospects for intervention efforts in light of the Somalia experience.

This book focuses on the normative side of trade theory and is divided into five parts:
* trade under perfect competition;
* restricted trade under perfect competition;
* trade under imperfect competition and other distortions;
* Compensation: lumpsum, non-lumpsum or neither?
* International trade

When the major aid organizations made flows of aid conditional on changes in policy, they prompted an extensive debate in development circles. Aid and Power has made one of the most significant and influential contributions to that debate. This edition has been revised to take account of changes within the World Bank itself and the extension of policy based lending to the formerly socialist economies of east and central Europe.

When the major aid organizations made flows of aid conditional on changes in policy, they prompted an extensive debate in development circles. Aid and Power has made one of the most significant and influential contributions to that debate. This edition has been revised to take account of changes within the World Bank itself and the extension of policy based lending to the formerly socialist economies of east and central Europe.