In this book, Xiaolong Wu offers a comprehensive and in-depth study of the Zhongshan state during China's Warring States Period (476-221 BCE). Analyzing artefacts, inscriptions, and grandiose funerary structures within a broad archaeological context, he illuminates the connections between power and identity, and the role of material culture in asserting and communicating both. The author brings an interdisciplinary approach to this study. He combines and cross-examines all available categories of evidence, including archaeological, textual, art historical, and epigraphical, enabling innovative interpretations and conclusions that challenge conventional views regarding Zhongshan and ethnicity in ancient China. Wu reveals the complex relationship between material culture, cultural identity, and statecraft intended by the royal patrons. He demonstrates that the Zhongshan king Cuo constructed a hybrid cultural identity, consolidated his power, and aimed to maintain political order at court after his death through the buildings, sculpture, and inscriptions that he commissioned.

This book examines Greek vase-paintings that depict humorous, burlesque, and irreverent images of Greek mythology and the gods. Many of the images present the gods and heroes as ridiculous and ugly. While the narrative content of some images may appear to be trivial, others address issues that are deeply serious. When placed against the background of the religious beliefs and social frameworks from which they spring, these images allow us to explore questions relating to their meaning in particular communities. Throughout, we see indications that Greek vase-painters developed their own comedic narratives and visual jokes. The images enhance our understanding of Greek society in just the same way as their more sober siblings in serious art. David Walsh is a Visiting Research Scholar in the School of Arts, Histories and Cultures at The University of Manchester."

This volume explores the earliest appearances and functions of the five major Egyptian goddesses Neith, Hathor, Nut, Isis and Nephthys. Although their importance endured throughout more than three millennia of ancient Egyptian history, their origins, earliest roles, and relationships in religion, myth, and cult have never before been studied together in detail. Showcasing the latest research with carefully chosen illustrations and a full bibliography, Susan Tower Hollis suggests that the origins of the goddesses derived primarily from their functions, as, shown by their first appearances in the text and art of the Protodynastic, Early Dynastic, and Old Kingdom periods of the late fourth and third millennia BCE. The roles of the goddess Bat are also explored where she is viewed both as an independent figure and in her specific connections to Hathor, including the background to their shared bovine iconography. Hollis provides evidence of the goddesses' close ties with royalty and, in the case of Neith, her special connections to early queens. Vital reading for all scholars of Egyptian religion and other ancient religions and mythology, this volume brings to light the earliest origins of these goddesses who would go on to play major parts in later narratives, myths, and mortuary cult.

The Monumental Reliefs of the Elamite Highlands documents and analyzes for the first time a corpus of eighteen monumental highland reliefs from the Elamite civilization in ancient Iran, which-hitherto preserved by their remote location and anonymous existence-have recently become imperiled by an influx of tourists and the development of the surrounding landscapes. With this book, Javier Alvarez-Mon aims to safeguard this important part of Iran's cultural heritage. The eighteen reliefs presented in this volume are spread across the valley of Izeh/Malamir (Xong-e Azdhar, Shah Savar, Shekaft-e Salman, and Kul-e Farah), the Ghale Tol plain (Qal-e Tul), the Mamasani Fahliyan river region (Kurangun), and the Marvdasht plain (Naqsh-e Rustam). In his analysis of these reliefs, Alvarez-Mon draws from the complementary disciplines of art history and archaeology, giving equal weight to the archaeological context of these artifacts and traditional methods of artistic analysis in order to determine the nature and significance of each artifact's form and theme. At the same time, the book's dual emphases on ritual-religious and aesthetic-ecological phenomena respond to the contemporary challenges of the dissociation of human existence from nature and the commodification of the environment on an unsustainable scale, presenting the preservation of this remarkable corpus of monumental art as a matter of urgency. Richly illustrated with hundreds of color photographs and line drawings, The Monumental Reliefs of the Elamite Highlands is sure to become an invaluable reference to scholars who study the Elamite and other ancient civilizations.

A Short History of the Ancient World examines the emergence of urban civilizations on the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia. Tracing developments from prehistoric times through the end of antiquity, the book investigates the unique social, cultural, religious, economic, and political characteristics of each civilization. Employing a social historical approach, Rauh argues that the ancient world encompassed more than simply Greece and Rome, and that urban populations across Eurasia and northern Africa were linked by an ancient world system. He explores the interconnectivity between societies in the Roman Mediterranean, East Africa, India, and China as they attained urban development, material prosperity, and cultural achievement. This beautifully designed full-color book includes an impressive range of images, as well as chronologies, timelines, overviews of dynasties, and chapter reviews.

A Short History of the Ancient World examines the emergence of urban civilizations on the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia. Tracing developments from prehistoric times through the end of antiquity, the book investigates the unique social, cultural, religious, economic, and political characteristics of each civilization. Employing a social historical approach, Rauh argues that the ancient world encompassed more than simply Greece and Rome, and that urban populations across Eurasia and northern Africa were linked by an ancient world system. He explores the interconnectivity between societies in the Roman Mediterranean, East Africa, India, and China as they attained urban development, material prosperity, and cultural achievement. This beautifully designed full-color book includes an impressive range of images, as well as chronologies, timelines, overviews of dynasties, and chapter reviews.

This book is the first comprehensive study of the mausolea of the later Roman emperors. Constructed between ca. AD 244 and 450 and bridging the transition from paganism to Christianity within the empire, these important buildings shared a common design, that of domed rotunda. Mark Johnson examines the symbolism and function of the mausolea, demonstrating for the first time that these monuments served as temples and shrines to the divinized emperors. Through an examination of literary sources and the archaeological record, he identifies which buildings were built as imperial tombs. Each building is examined to determine its place in the development of the type as well as for its unique features within the group. Recognizing the strong relationship between the mausolea built for pagan and Christian emperors, Johnson also analyzes their important differences.

A menudo intuimos que las cosas no son lo que parecen, las gentes de otras epocas se complacian en descubrir y velar al mismo tiempo aquellas ideas que, por su sutileza, no pueden ser expresadas de otro modo. Nuestra relacion con las palabras se parece mucho a la de un drogadicto con su droga, las necesitamos para todo, exigimos explicaciones razonadas y razonables, y creemos que basta usar palabras para resolver los problemas. La gente de otros tiempos no usaba ni necesitaba tantas palabras, por ejemplo, todos los dichos de Cristo, caben en unas pocas paginas, Cuantas paginas habran escrito los hombres sobre ello sin aclarar su significado en la mas minima fraccion? Del mismo modo pueden escribirse sesudos y profundos tratados sobre este o aquel aspecto de esta o aquella obra de arte, pero nunca seran nada mas que palabras, inconmensurables con la obra de la que hablan. El Universo en que vivimos es una obra de Arte, el arte se percibe, hablar, lo impide.

Beginning with a short intellectual history of the academic culture wars,Eric Adler's book examines popular polemics including those by AllanBloom and Dinesh D'Souza, and considers the oddly marginal role ofclassical studies in these conflicts. In presenting a brief history of classicsin American education, the volume sheds light on the position of thehumanities in general. The book dissects three significant controversies from the era: theso-called AJP affair, which supposedly pitted a conservative journaleditor against his feminist detractors; the brouhaha surrounding MartinBernal's contentious Black Athena project; and the dustup associatedwith Victor Davis Hanson and John Heath's fire-breathing jeremiad, WhoKilled Homer? The book concludes by considering these controversiesas a means to end the crisis for classical studies in American education.How can the study of antiquity-and the humanities-thrive in thecontemporary academy? Classics, the Culture Wars, and Beyond providesworkable solutions to end the crisis for classics and for the humanities aswell. This major work also includes findings from a web survey of Americanclassical scholars, offering the first broadly representative impression ofwhat they think about their discipline and its prospects for the future. EricAdler also conducted numerous in-depth interviews with participants inthe controversies discussed, allowing readers to gain the most reliableinformation possible about these controversies. Those concerned about the liberal arts and the best way to educateyoung Americans should read this book. Accessible and jargon-free,this narrative of scholarly scandals and their context makes for bothenjoyable and thought-provoking reading.

In the depths of the Kara Kum desert in Turkmenistan, one of the largest deserts in the world, Victor Sarianidi has excavated the country of Margush (Margiana). Its capital was the city of Gonur, which consisted of a unique ensemble of temples and palaces dating from the end of the third to the beginning of the second millennia BC. In addition to the capital city, Sarianidi excavated the Gonur necropolis, with almost 3000 tombs. This is the largest necropolis of the period to have been excavated in the Near East. Th e funeral gifts and personal adornments from the Gonur tombs have an amazing, unique beauty and are worthy of comparison with the fi nest examples of ancient oriental art from Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and the Aegean world. Research in this area has made it possible to conclude that the first monotheistic religion in the world, Zoroastrianism, originated in Margiana. Th is statement is supported by the finds that related to the funeral rituals and procedures observed in the Gonur necropolis. The Margiana culture proved to be so highly advanced that scholars increasingly hold the view that Bronze Age Central Asia was one of the main civilizations of ancient times, alongside Mesopotamia, Egypt, India and China. Th is book contains the results of the excavations, anthropological observations based on the skeletons found, and a large number and wide variety of finds.