This is an exciting and innovative book which provides a thorough introduction to contemporary social theory by examining the way in which the widespread existence of violence against women is explored. A wide range of theories from liberalism to evolutionary psychology are considered culminating in the development of a distinctive feminist realist position. The theories discussed are tested against a large-scale survey, the findings of which challenge many conventional wisdoms as to the patterning of violence in contemporary society.

This book provides an in-depth analysis of probably the most horrific solo terrorist operation the world has ever seen. On 22 July 2011 Anders Behring Breivik killed 77 people when he bombed the Government District in Oslo, before he conducted a shooting attack against a political youth camp at Utoya. The main focus of the book is on the operational aspects of the events, particularly the target selection and decision-making process. Why did Breivik choose the targets he finally attacked, what influenced his decision-making and how did he do it? Using unique source material, providing details never published before, the authors accurately explain how even this ruthless terrorist acted under a number of constraints in a profoundly dynamic process. This momentous work is a must read for scholars, students and practitioners within law enforcement, intelligence, security and terrorism studies.

A volume in Peace Education Series Editors Edward Brantmeier, James Madison University, Jing Lin, University of Maryland, and Ian Harris, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, To truly move toward a more peaceful society, it is imperative that peace education better address structural and institutional violence. This requires that it be integrated into institutions outside of schools and universities. Doing so will be challenging, as many of these institutions are structured on domination and control, not on partnership and shared power. In particular, U.S. criminal justice, social services and prevention programs, and sport have tended to be dominator-modeled. This book offers analysis and suggestions for overcoming these challenges and for integrating peace education into important social institutions. Creativity will be one of the most useful assets in moving peace education from schools to other institutions. This book argues that with creative visioning, collaboration, and implementation, peace education can be integrated into the most challenging situations and provide hope for holistic changes in our society.

This book examines the topical issue of global drug policy and outlines five steps that could be taken to improve its effectiveness. A public criminology approach is applied to explore not only what could be done, but also why it matters and how it could be achieved. It argues that more effective global drug policies require an acknowledgement of the failure of a war on drugs approach and the harms it has caused. Instead, strategies that reduce drug related harm should be prioritised. An innovative and diverse range of approaches should be developed that are underpinned by evaluation and dissemination of results. Finally, the horizons of the drug policy debate should be broadened. In line with the central aims of public criminology, this book provides an accessible contribution to global drug policy debates that links theory and practice and which will have appeal to a wide range of audiences.

This proceedings volume includes articles presented during the Advanced Research Workshop on Soft Target Protection. The book presents important topics related to the protection of vulnerable objects and spaces, called Soft Targets. The chapters published in this book are thematically assigned to the blocks as follows: Theoretical aspect of soft target protection; Blast resistance of soft targets; Counter terrorism; Technical and technological solutions for soft target protection; Scheme and organizational measures; Blast protection and Forces for soft target protection. In this book, the reader will find a wealth of information about the theoretical background for designing protection of soft targets, as well as the specifics of protecting objects in armed conflict areas. New methods and procedures applicable to the soft target protection are described.

This book introduces 'convenience' as the key concept to explain financial crime by white-collar criminals. Based on a number of fraud examination- reports from the United States and Norway, the book documents empirical evidence of convenience among white-collar criminals. It advances our understanding of white-collar crime by drawing attention to private investigation reports by fraud examiners and financial crime specialists, who are in the growing business of fraud investigations. Reports of investigations have never before been researched in terms of white-collar criminals nor crime convenience. Reports of investigations by auditing and law firms represent a valuable empirical basis - in addition to court documents and other sources of information about financial crime. A methodical and well-researched study, this book will be of particular interest to scholars of criminological theory and law - in addition to ethics courses in business schools.

High-risk youth are rarely able to succeed in school, on the job, in their family relationships, or in society at large. They often express hopelessness, frustration, anger. Even after they have acquired skills and have begun to work, they tend to lose jobs, fail again in schools, and become involved in crimes. There is a noted connection between youth who come from dysfunctional families and have low academic skills, nonexistent career goals, poor work history, drug and/or alcohol abuse, and involvement with the juvenile justice system.

Ivan C. Frank explains the need for longer term alternative educational programs in highly supportive environments for high-risk youth. He describes the features and coverage of programs in Israel and in some American cities that have rehabilitated high-risk youth.

This book analyzes and compares the police's inner city presence in France, the US, and Britain. Its authors' research points to the idea that the creation of a more inclusive environment is a sound approach for cities looking to better maintain peace, reduce discrimination, and manage the dynamic between police and citizens in inner cities.

International students and crime is an issue that impacts on lucrative international student markets, international relations, host countries' reputations, and the security of the broader population. This book presents vital new analyses on international students as victims and perpetrators of crime in Australia, the US and the UK.

Radest reviews the history and present practice of community service in the United States. While appreciative of the genuine contributions of community service programs to the development of schools and society, the author believes that hidden behind good intentions and willing energies there is a strain of ambivalence that cannot be ignored (such as when a citizen is sentenced by the court to perform a number of hours of "community service"). He analyzes philosophically and psychologically this ambivalence, employing his experience in the field, his observations of school and community-based programs around the country, as well as his point of view as an educator and social critic.

This edited volume explores the fundamental aspects of the dark web, ranging from the technologies that power it, the cryptocurrencies that drive its markets, the criminalities it facilitates to the methods that investigators can employ to master it as a strand of open source intelligence. The book provides readers with detailed theoretical, technical and practical knowledge including the application of legal frameworks. With this it offers crucial insights for practitioners as well as academics into the multidisciplinary nature of dark web investigations for the identification and interception of illegal content and activities addressing both theoretical and practical issues.

Over the past several years, there has been an increasing public awareness of and support for efforts to provide assistance to specially victimized groups in crisis--battered women, victims of crimes, persons with disabling diseases, and others faced with traumatic situations. Because criminal justice professionals are often the first to be in direct contact with someone experiencing these types of traumas, it is vital that they have a thorough understanding of crisis theory and of effective intervention techniques. This volume, written for police officers, auxiliary police, probation and parole agents, and correctional personnel, offers a comprehensive guide to crisis intervention within the context of the criminal justice system. Aimed at helping criminal justice professionals develop the skills necessary to diffuse and resolve a wide variety of crisis situations, the book examines specific types of crises in detail, analyzes their causes and how people react to them, and demonstrates techniques that can help the intervener take charge of situations for those persons temporarily unable to help themselves.

The volume begins by discussing five major approaches to crisis intervention, showing how aspects of each can be integrated into a workable overall approach. Romano goes on to examine the characteristics of crisis situations, identifying the behaviors and the typical flow of a crisis. The chapters address specific aspects of crisis intervention including communication in life-threatening situations, the components of, and crisis intervention with victims. Interaction with such groups as the bereaved, those contemplating suicide, the elderly, victims of violence and rape, and those involved in domestic disputes each receive extended treatment. Finally, the author discusses the occupational stresses experienced by crisis interveners--problems such as intervener burnout, self-doubt, and the difficulty of maintaining emotional control. Indispensable for any criminal justice professional faced with crisis intervention responsibilities, this book should also be required reading for those aspiring to careers in this field.

Employee theft is one of the most pervasive problems faced by businesses today, and it continues to escalate at an estimated rate of 15 percent per year. This volume presents the first full-length guide to the alternatives available to companies seeking to reduce both the actual theft of tangible property and the profits lost through cheating on time cards and expense accounts. The authors offer an in-depth discussion of the safeguards employers can implement, ranging from internal controls to physical security measures, and develop a comprehensive theft reduction strategy aimed at creating a working environment that discourages theft. They also address the legal and ethical problems arising from theft control issues as well as the question of equity in the workplace.

The authors agree that a plan for reducing employee theft can only be successful if it focuses on making the work environment unattractive to thieves rather than on simply catching thieves. They offer a practical theft reduction strategy, based on techniques that have proven successful in a variety of firms, that begins with the recruitment process and reaches into every aspect of business operation. In their concluding chapter they discuss what to do when a thief is identified. Five appendixes provide additional information including a guide to hiring and keeping good employees, a study of employee theft by Virginia's Crime Prevention Manual Task Force, an examination of what motivates employees, an internal controls checklist, and a list of dos and don'ts in dealing with employee theft. Human resource managers, small business owners, and executives in large corporations will find this volume an invaluable asset in their efforts to confront the growing problem of employee theft.

This edited collection provides an original and comprehensive take on retail crime and its prevention, by combining international data and multidisciplinary perspectives from criminologists, economists, geographers, police officers and other experts. Drawing on environmental criminology theory and situational crime prevention, it focusses on crime and safety in retail environments but also the interplay between individuals, products and settings such as stores, commercial streets and shopping malls, as well as the wider context of situational conditions of the supply chain in which crime occurs. Chapters offer state-of-the-art research on retail crime from a range of countries such as Australia, Brazil, Israel, Italy, Sweden, the UK and the USA. This methodological and well-researched study is devoted to both academics and practitioners from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds whose common interest is to prevent retail crime and overall retail loss. The chapters 'Crime in a Scandinavian Shopping Centre' and 'Perceived Safety in a Shopping Centre' are published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.

"Clean Streets will take its place alongside other outstanding community ethnographies in the tradition of the Chicago School. An engaging and insightful book that will be widely cited and discussed."
--William Julius Wilson, author of "When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor"

"In an era of declining civic involvement, persistent fear of crime, and cynicism about the efficacy of grassroots community action, Clean Streets offers a story of hope. Using his eye for detail, Carr examines how community residents respond to gang violence, graffiti and other forms of physical disorder, unresponsive judges, and problems at the corner tavern. Clean Streets offers an intriguing organizational framework for community members and public officials in their fight against crime, violence, and disorder."
--John H. Laub, co-author of "Shared Beginnings, Divergent Lives: Delinquent Boys to Age 70"

"Patrick Carr shows us that policing can have a stimulating effect; that communities can mobilize and restore their moral force with tolerance to others and with moderation. This ethnographic study should be read. It should give us hope."
--Peter K. Manning, author of "Police Work: The Social Organization of Policing"

aIn sum, the core theoretical achievement of "Clean Streets," the development of new concepts and ideas regarding successful social control at the local level, merits close attention from sociologists of various persuasions and with varied interests.a
-- Margarethe Kusenbach, University of South Florida.

With the close proximity of gangs and the easy access to drugs, keeping urban neighborhoods safe from crime has long been a central concern for residents. InClean Streets, Patrick Carr draws on five years of research in a white, working-class community on Chicago's South side to see how they tried to keep their streets safe. Carr details the singular event for this community and the resulting rise of community activism: the shootings of two local teenage girls outside of an elementary school by area gang members. As in many communities struck by similar violence, the shootings led to profound changes in the community's relationship to crime prevention. Notably, their civic activism has proved successful and, years after the shooting, community involvement remains strong.

Carr mines this story of an awakened neighborhood for unique insights, contributing a new perspective to the national debate on community policing, civic activism, and the nature of social control. Clean Streets offers an important story of one community's struggle to confront crime and to keep their homes safe. Their actions can be seen as a model for how other communities can face up to similarly difficult problems.

Scholars in various disciplines are recommending comprehensive measures to solve multiple societal as well as individual problems. The philosophy of community education has been overlooked but is a workable, comprehensive approach to addressing crime. As used in this book, community education is a philosophy, process, and program comprised of three overriding and interrelated elements: community empowerment, community problem-solving, and the effort to involve all community members in the pursuit of lifelong learning.

The Hyde Park neighborhood in St. Louis has one of the highest rates of reported drug sales and high rates of homicide, robbery, aggravated assault, arson, and burglary. The community lays claim to several crime-inducing variables including population loss, a high percentage of population shift resulting in a higher percentage of black population and boarded-up housing units, a high rate of unemployment, a very low per capita income and a high percentage of citizens living below the poverty line, and a high percentage of female-headed households. Nevertheless, the people of Hyde Park are participating in a crime prevention approach that is applicable to all communities. Insights to urban life and problem solving are provided by community members, covering such topics as policing and how it can be improved. These insights and others offered by the author are supported by theories and philosophies found in the literature. In the process of solving their own problems, community members involve themselves in lifelong learning activities and leadership development. Written in a style that is appealing to the general public as well as academics, it is of special interest to educators, community leaders, criminologists, academics in urban affairs and sociology, social workers, law enforcement agents, and politicians.

Is cost-benefit analysis the best means to determine and formulate public policies? To answer this question Jeffrey Leigh Sedgwick examines its application to crime and criminal justice and the implications of that application. In this interdisciplinary study, Sedgwick first assesses the value of applying economic models to the social problem of crime. He compares economic models to sociological ones and then addresses the question of whether economic models are compatible with the values of a liberal political order. He shows that cost-benefit analysis suffers from technical and ethical problems when used to set law enforcement goals. Current techniques for measuring the costs of crime are crude and unreliable, he argues, and overreliance on citizen and consumer preference may lead to the adoption of policies incompatible with American political traditions and respect for human rights. Sedgwick concludes that economic analysis cannot, by itself, lead to the adoption of effective and publicly defensible policies to combat crime.

This book explores the potential of domestic abuse data to assess the level of harm caused to victims and the amount of resources required to respond to it. Policing domestic abuse has become a major activity for the police service in England and Wales. Part of the police strategy is to gather hundreds of thousands of detailed records about victims and suspects - the single largest set of domestic abuse records available, but one that to date has largely unexplored by researchers. In this volume, Matthew Bland and Barak Ariel analyse three substantial datasets taken from police forces across the country and ask: * Can police data be used to derive meaningful insight? * How should we use these data to measure harm? * Just how much domestic abuse involves a repeat victim? * Does abuse get more serious over time? * Can serious domestic abuse be predicted before it occurs? This volume illustrates the scale of the challenge the police and other agencies face with reducing domestic abuse. A small proportion of individuals generate a majority of harm; this book argues that police records offer opportunities to identify these individuals before the harm occurs. Demonstrating that statistical techniques can be used to profile domestic abuse to target harm reduction strategies more precisely and even identify a sizable proportion of serious cases before they occur, this volume will be of interest to law enforcement officials, policing researchers, and policy makers interested in reducing the phenomenon of domestic abuse.

Green Criminology has the potential to provide not only a different way of examining and making sense of various forms of crime and control responses, but can also make explicable much wider connections which are not generally well understood. As all societies face up to the need to confront harms against the environment, other animals and humanity, criminology will have a major role to play. This book will be an essential part of this process. This edited collection brings together internationally renowned scholars to explore green criminology through the interdisciplinary lenses of power, justice and harm. The chapters provide innovative case study analyses from North America, Europe and Australia that seek to advance theoretical, policy and practice discourses about environmental harm. The book unifies transnational debates in environmental law, policy and justice, and in doing so examines international agreements and policy within diverse environmental discourses of sociology, criminology and political economy. Emerging Issues in Green Criminology is an essential source for students, scholars and policy makers in this rapidly growing area of criminology, as well as environmental studies more broadly. The international range of contributors include Lieselot Bisschop (University College Ghent, Belgium), Avi Brisman (Eastern Kentucky University, USA), Matthew Hall (University of Sheffield, UK), M.H.A Kluin (Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands), Olga Knight (University of Colorado, Denver, USA), Peter Martin (Queensland University of Technology, Australia), Hanneke Mol (University of Kent, UK and Utrecht University, Netherlands), Angus Nurse (Birmingham City University, UK), Ragnhild Sollund (University of Oslo, Norway), Nigel South (University of Essex, UK), Paul B. Stretesky (University of Colorado, Denver, USA), Gudrun Vande Walle (University College Ghent, Belgium) and Rob White (University of Tasmania, Australia).

The book provides a contemporary 'snapshot' of critical debate centred around cybercrime and related issues, to advance theoretical development and inform social and educational policy. It covers theoretical explanations for cybercrime, typologies of online grooming, online-trolling, hacking, and law and policy directions. This collection draws on the very best papers from 2 major international conferences on cybercrime organised by UCLAN. It is well positioned for advanced students and lecturers in Criminology, Law, Sociology, Social Policy, Computer Studies, Policing, Forensic Investigation, Public Services and Philosophy who want to understand cybercrime from different angles and perspectives.

This ambitious volume brings together and assesses all major systematic reviews of the effectiveness of criminological interventions, to draw broad conclusions about what works in policing, corrections, developmental prevention, situational prevention, drug abuse treatments, sentencing and deterrence, and communities. Systematic reviews aim to minimize any possible bias in drawing conclusions by stating explicit criteria for inclusion and exclusion of studies, by conducting extensive and wide-ranging searches for possibly eligible studies, and by making all stages of the review explicit and transparent so that the methods can be checked and replicated. Over a decade ago, a concerted effort was made by members of the criminology community, including the Editors and contributors of this volume, to bring the practice of systematic reviews to the study of Criminology, providing replicable, evidence-based data to answer key questions about the study of crime causation, detection, and prevention. Now, the pioneers in this effort present a comprehensive stock-taking of what has been learned in the past decade of systematic reviews in criminology. Much has been discovered about the effectiveness of (for example) boot camps, "hot spots" policing, closed-circuit television surveillance, neighborhood watch, anti-bullying programs in schools, early parenting programs, drug treatment programs, and other key topics. This volume will be of interest to researchers in criminology and criminal justice, as well as in related fields such as public health and forensic science, with important implications for policy-makers and practitioners. Decisively showing that the "nothing works" era is over, this volume takes stock of what we know, and still need to know, to prevent crime. I plan to keep this book close at hand and to use it often! Francis T. Cullen, Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus, University of Cincinnati At a time when there is a broad commitment to bringing science to the front lines of practice, this book should be on the reading list of both policymakers and scholars. Laurie O. Robinson, Clarence J. Robinson Professor of Criminology, Law Society, George Mason University and former Assistant Attorney General of the U.S. Department of Justice

From white-collar to environmental crime, and hate crime to sexual violence, the study of victims and of the processes of victimisation is indispensable to understanding the full scale of the effects of crime in society. In this book, Basia Spalek offers a theoretically detailed and empirically rich account of how victimology has developed into a field that transcends academic disciplines and brings together researchers, practitioners, activists and community members. This second edition of Crime Victims continues to be a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the historical, social, political and cultural issues and trends in approaches to victims and victimisation. It introduces victimological theory, explores the impacts of crime on victims, and the challenges involved in developing victim support services. In addition, acknowledging the increasing recognition of trauma as central to understanding victimisation, it includes a therapeutic toolkit for victims, offenders and practitioners working in and with the criminal justice system. With Cutting Edge Research and Case Study sections added at the end of each chapter to highlight victimology as a vibrant and continuously developing field, Crime Victims is an essential resource to a broad audience, ranging from students of victimology, criminology and sociology to practitioners and professionals.

Preventing Corruption explores the problems involved in the contemporary investigation, enforcement and governance of international corruption, identifying that no one country or culture has a monopoly on corruption, as it ranges across the social spectrum and different cultures. This unique international coverage explores the level of corruption in different public and private sectors of business for individuals and organizations around the world and highlights that some individuals and organizations benefit from corruption regardless of geographical location. It also examines the limits of current anti-corruption strategies, laws and conventions and considers the involvement of western democratic states in corruption, the concept of state capture and the corrupt use of private military organizations in conflict zones around the world.This diverse critical analysis of international corruption includes under-explored areas such as bribery, whistle blowing and the use of private bodies and will be a highly valuable tool for scholars and practitioners alike.

'A gritty powerful story. A must read for fans of gangland crime.' Bestselling author Kerry KayaBold, daring and ruthless, Tony Lambrianu is now the main player in London's sleazy but lucrative underworld. As the boss of a high-end nightclub in the West End and with a never-ending string of gorgeous women on his arm, Tony is the darling of the tabloids. However, despite his success, the little boy who lived on the streets is never far away. Desperate for respect, he's driven to achieve more and more. Most of all, he craves the acceptance of Ralph Gold and to become a bigger part of his extensive web of organised crime. Fearlessly facing up to enemies, winning battles and becoming the undisputed boss of the London underworld can be a nasty business, but it's the only business Tony knows. And he'll stop at nothing to succeed! Please note, this is a re-release of Nasty Business previously published by Gillian Godden

This book presents the results of a two-year international research project conducted for the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNDOC) to investigate and provide solutions for reducing bribery and corruption in corporations and institutions. It starts with an empirical case study on the effectiveness of a set of self-regulation rules adopted by multinational companies in the energy sector. Second, it explores the context and factors leading to corruption internationally (and the relationships between domestic criminal law and self-regulation). Third, it examines guidelines for the adoption of compliance programs developed by international institutions, to serve as models for the future. The principle result of the book is a three-pronged Anti-Bribery Corruption Model (so called ABC Model), endorsed by the United Nations, intended as a corruption prevention tool intended to be adopted by private corporations. This work provides a common, research-based standard for anti-bribery compliance programs, with international applications. This work will be of interest to researchers studying Criminology and Criminal Justice, particularly in the areas of organized crime and corruption, as well as related areas like Business Ethics and Comparative International Law.