Closing the Integration Gap in Criminology: The Case for Criminal Thinking offers a multi -stage model of theory integration that organizes verified risk factors around the construct of criminal thinking to provide an exemplar working paradigm for criminology. In the model, once relevant risk factors have been identified, they are organized into triads -three-variable networks of antecedent, mediating, or moderating effects-and then those triads are combined into clusters of thematically related constructs. While debate continues to rage over how to handle the burgeoning number of theories in criminology, little significant progress has been made in reducing the number of criminological theories. This book argues that theoretical integration is vital to the continued viability of criminological theory and to the growth and development of criminology as a scientific discipline. It posits that criminal thinking may be useful as a core variable in constructing a useful integrated theory for criminology, and maps out a plan for scholars to organize information for further study. The innovative theoretical approach in this book is essential reading for students, academics, and researchers in both criminology and forensic psychology concerned with the reduction of crime via scientific inquiry.

Barriers to Rebuilding the African American Community explores the major threats and roots affecting both America's most racially polarized periods as well as the major issues plaguing the African American community. The author provides intelligent insight into the deeper roots of America's long history and struggle with racism as well as the solution. The author shows how a background investigation of medical science, culture, and social policy can propel or subdue an entire people group, and examines research on A.C.E.S. (Adverse Childhood Experiences), which affects all communities regardless of race. This book is an exciting and well-researched exposei into one of America's most electrifying socio-political movements.

The development of ideas and policy on the control of crime has become an increasingly international affair, necessarily so as crime increasingly crosses national boundaries and as international cooperation in the form of police cooperation, international treaties, protocols and conventions takes firmer shape. Much less well understood, however, is the process whereby ideas about crime control developed in one context are transferred into different countries or regions, and in doing so are then shaped, naturalized and changed in their new context. This book addresses this range of issues, examining this process of policy transfer and reception. How are particular slogans ("zero tolerance policing"), gadgets, technical vocabularies ("electronic monitoring") and rhetoric ("war against crime") spread from one place to another, and what new meanings do they take on when this takes place? How are these ideas changed when they meet resistance and counter discourses, and encounter strong loca

This book analyzes the production of criminological knowledge, with particular reference to one of the most important institutions in the western world involved in this - the official inquiry. The core focus of this book to investigate the structures and processes of official discourse, and the ways in which this produces knowledge on crime and justice - a much neglected topic in comparison to the attention that has been paid to the role of the media in this process. The mechanisms that produce official discourse vary according to different jurisdiction, but some clear themes nevertheless emerge. This book therefore draws upon contributors from the UK, Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand to examine such issues as the relationship between official inquiry and modern, democratic society; official inquiry and criminal justice, including policing and prisons; and official enquiry as a means of closure and healing, and as a response to social crisis.

From Labour's promise to be 'tough on crime, tough on the causes of crime' through to the White Paper and new criminal justice legislation, controlling crime and reforming the criminal justice system has been one of the government's key priorities. This book provides a detailed review of the thinking behind these new plans and legislation, looking at policies and proposals in the field of punishment, particularly those embodied in the Halliday Review of the Sentencing Framework (2001), the government White Paper Justice for All (2002), and the 2002 Criminal Justice Bill. The contributors to the book subject to scrutiny the evidence for the 'evidence-based policy making' that is often claimed as a distinctive new feature to these processes, examining approaches to drug-dependent offenders, dangerous sex offenders, nuisance offenders, procedural and evidential protections in the courts, sentencing guidelines, sentencing management, racism in sentencing, custody plus, custody minus, and reducing the prison population.

This book considers how the social construction of crime and the criminalising of political expression impact upon different stages in a violent political conflict. The freedom to express our political opinions is regarded as an essential human right throughout most of the world, and yet, in defence of our security, governments often place various restrictions on it. This book directly considers what these restrictions are in the context of deeply divided societies to understand how they impact upon intergroup relations in four different contexts: nonviolent movements, counter-insurgency, peace negotiations, and post-settlement peacebuilding. Drawing on an extensive body of original interviews and archival material, the volume analyses this relationship through an in-depth consideration of Northern Ireland and South Africa, followed by a wider analysis of Turkey, Sri Lanka, Belgium, and Canada. The overarching argument is that the implications of criminalising political expression depend on both its 'target' and the wider social reality it contributes towards. This book will be of much interest to students of conflict resolution, transitional justice, law, and International Relations.

In the last decade, school shootings have decimated communities and terrified parents, teachers, and children in even the most "family friendly" American towns and suburbs. These tragedies appear to be the spontaneous acts of disconnected teens, but this important book argues that the roots of violence are deeply entwined in the communities themselves. "Rampage" challenges the "loner theory" of school violence and shows why so many adults and students miss the warning signs that could prevent it.

A complex and vulnerable contemporary society continually poses new challenges in terms of social conflict, and as crime advances, so must strategies for prevention and rehabilitation. Many facets of crime prevention and rehabilitation of offenders are public activities closely linked to other aspects of the political and social life of a region. The Handbook of Research on Trends and Issues in Crime Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Victim Support is a scholarly publication that examines existing knowledge on crime dynamics and the implementation of crime victims' rights. Highlighting a wide array of topics such as cyberbullying, predatory crimes, and psychological violence, this book is ideal for criminologists, forensic psychologists, psychiatrists, victim advocates, law enforcement, criminal profilers, crime analysts, therapists, rehabilitation specialists, psychologists, correctional facilities, wardens, government officials, policymakers, academicians, researchers, and students.

From internal control structures that are not fraud-specific to insufficient communication in the fraud discovery-to-investigation and conviction process, fraudulent activity is a widespread fact of life in the business world. Historically, the corporate tendency has been to react to fraud after the fact, rather than to be proactive in its prevention. And in most cases, blame is directed at accountants and auditors. Unfortunately, these officers are rarely provided with the resources, proper training, and commitment from top management that are essential to effective fraud detection and control. The Accountants Guide to Fraud Detection and Control offers comprehensive direction for this largely uncharted area.
Two types of fraud are addressed in this book: fraudulent financial reporting, also known as "Treadway" fraud, usually originating in the top management sector; and "asset-theft" fraud, the more common and more costly type, likely to be practiced by virtually anyone, including outsiders. Treadway fraud is being adequately detected by independent auditors (CPAs) in their annual audits. Asset-theft fraud is not being adequately detected by anyone, with very few exceptions. From following clues to achieving a prosecution, here is sound advice that accountants and auditors will find invaluable.

Businesses lose over $100 billion a year to fraud. Only 20 percent is discovered. Whos to blame?

Accountants and internal auditors are often the scapegoats for managements insufficient fraud detection operations and guidelines. At last, here is comprehensive, intermediate training for evaluating, devising, and installing fraud-specific internal controls, and for conducting proactivefraud-specific examinations. Including actual case studies, the authors show accountants and auditors how to:

• Anticipate problems and follow clues
• Successfully disclose fraud
• Compile the evidence necessary to prosecute acts of fraud
• Develop investigative techniques
• Create effective internal controls . . . and much more, to fill the needs of this crucial area.

www.wiley.com/account ing

This important and original new book reports on a major investigation of the outcomes of probation supervision, is concerned with the key question of what works in probation, and comes at an important moment of change and development for the probation service in the UK. Unlike previous studies which have relied mostly on official data, this book makes use of over 200 interviews with men and women on probation, and their supervising Probation Officers. Rethinking What Works with Offenders has the following objectives: to understand probation work from the perspectives of those who deliver it and those to whom it is delivered to study probation intervention as a whole (in particular the probation order) rather than specific aspects to locate probation work in the wider social contexts of those on probation to analyse how probation works, and to reconceptualise probation outcomes in terms of degrees of success rather than as 'successful' or 'unsuccessful' to assess the policy implications of these conclusions This book presents an important and challenging range of findings on 'what works' in probation and with offenders, and will be essential reading for anybody professionally concerned with the present and future of probation. raises central issues at a critical time for the reorganised National Probation Servicebased on extensive research, including 200+ interviewsessential reading for anybody interested in 'what works' in probation

This title was first published in 2001. This book explores the complex and often striking differences between national and local perspectives, particularly those of racial minorities, on crime prevention and the role that community residents should play in prevention programmes.

First published in 1992, the purpose of this book is to identify and describe the most important factors that must be considered in making decisions about the optimal ways to provide access to information - in short the best way to use the humans, the machines, and the intangible resources known as information, particularly at the organizational level. In recent years executives have begun to outsource computing and telecommunications functions primarily to control costs. Traditional libraries and information centres have been disbanded in favour of service contracts or outright leasing of staff. Both the private and public sector are examining their information service operations from the point of view of cost effectiveness. Decisions about owning versus leasing of information are being made daily. Decision makers are finding that they must deal differently with funding and budgeting of information systems and libraries than they have in the past. New paradigms for these service functions already exist. Not only have corporations and governments begun to contract out entire information service operations, but libraries themselves have begun to consider the costs, effectiveness, and implications of outsourcing some of their operations and services. This book provides a framework for decision-makers to view and review information services within their organizations. Entire units, components of libraries and information centres are defined and untangled so that the widest variety of organizations can analyse their own environments. Although there is a minimal use of library and computing jargon, a short glossary at the end explains terms for which there is no simple English language substitute. Each chapter is accompanied by comments from a broad range of experts in the information field.

The volume of studies into desistance has grown dramatically in recent years. Much of this research has focused on the internal dynamics of desistance such as decision-making, choice and restraint. Bringing together leading figures and drawing upon case studies from around the world, this book seeks to fill a vacuum in the contemporary literature on desistance by considering processes and practices at a societal level that influence how and why people desist from crime. Beginning with an outline of what is known about how social, cultural and economic structures shape desistance from crime, this book proceeds to explore studies of desistance in countries such as the UK, Brazil, France, Israel, Ireland, Sweden and Chile. These studies touch on variations by ethnicity, the nature of the criminal justice system, economic cycles, gender, religious belief systems and the use of time and space. Policy matters relating to desistance such as the rehabilitation and supervision of former offenders are also explored. This book will be invaluable reading to students and scholars of criminology, sociology and social studies engaged in studies of desistance, criminology, criminal justice, victimology, penology and probation.

Concerns over insecurity have become central issues in political debates across Europe and the western world, and crucial changes have followed in the wake of these concerns. This book contributes to an understanding of these developments.

Crime prevention policy and practice is, on the whole, far from objective. Instead of being based on scientific evidence, the crime policy agenda is seemingly driven by political ideology, anecdotal evidence and programme trends. Evidence-Based Crime Prevention seeks to change this by comprehensively and rigorously assessing the existing scientific knowledge on the effectiveness of crime prevention programmes internationally. Reviewing more than 600 scientific evaluations of programmes intended to prevent crime in settings such as families, schools, labour markets and communities, this book grades programmes on their scientific validity using the 'scientific methods scale'. This collection, which brings together contributions from leading researchers in the field of crime prevention, will provide policy-makers, researchers and community leaders with an understandable source of information about what works, what does not work and what is promising in preventing crime.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203166698

Presents the stories, musings, advice and conclusions of well-known criminologists about their research and their careers. Provides readers with suggestions about how to manage their professional lives. Contributors include Frank Cullen, Julius Debro, Don Gibbons, John Irwin, Mac Klein, Gary Marx, Joan McCord, Richard Quinney, Frank Scarpitti, Jim Short, Rita Simon, Charles Tuttle and Jackson Toby.

The chapters in this book have been written by teachers and scholars who have achieved a certain eminence in the field of criminology and criminal justice. Their names will be found heavily footnoted in textbooks and monographs. Articles and books that they have written will be discussed in classes. They have done well professionally, and that is why they were asked to reflect on their careers and to suggest pathways for others.

Originally published in 1997. The use of postmodern criminology's conceptual tools offers the potential for the development of a better understanding of the various configurations of repressive forces and directions for social change. This excellent text introduces the reader to the core ideas concerning subjectivity as it is related to discourses and how the discursive construction of social reality takes place. It discusses some of the key themes, dealing with both theoretical integrative work, applications, and recent developments in studying postmodern criminology. It is intended for students as well as those who are more familiar with the subject. This book is composed of twelve essays organized into three parts, this important work contributes to the big discussion among criminologists about the postmodern aspects of crime.

Originally published in 1945. This book presents the developing opinions contemporary to the post-war period, of the social and psychological roots of criminal actions as seen through the viewpoint of a practising magistrate. Looking at the psychological treatment of delinquents in particular, using actual case experiences, various causes are illustrated, and future preventative interventions are suggested and categorised. Early childhood developmental effects leading to characteristic criminality are distinguished from those societal factors with later and lesser influence, in the opinion of the author. The book discusses the court systems for judging family disputes and divorce in comparison to criminal cases amongst its investigation into the cause of criminality. The author's ground-breaking work led to much reform in the UK judicial system and this book is a fascinating insight to the history of psychology, law and criminology.

This book provides an analytic overview and assessment of the changing nature of crime prevention, disorder and community safety in contemporary society. Bringing together nine original articles from leading national and international authorities on these issues, the book examines recent developments in relation to a number of specific groups - the disadvantaged, the socially excluded, youth, women and ethnic minorities. Topics covered include:
* the increase in local authority responsibility for crime control and community safety
* the development of inter-agency alliances
* the changing nature of policing * the passing of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203470990

This book provides an analytic overview and assessment of the changing nature of crime prevention, disorder and community safety in contemporary society. Bringing together nine original articles from leading national and international authorities on these issues, the book examines recent developments in relation to a number of specific groups - the disadvantaged, the socially excluded, youth, women and ethnic minorities. Topics covered include:
* the increase in local authority's responsibility for crime control and community safety
* the development of inter-agency alliances
* the changing nature of policing
* and the passing of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998.


eBook available with sample pages: HB:0415242304

School violence is a burning issue these days. This book provides an in-depth analysis of violence prevention programs and an assessment of their effectiveness, using data from observations, individual interviews, and focus groups, as well as published data from the schools. It is distinguished by its focus on the cultural and structural context of school violence and violence prevention efforts. Where most other researchers use quantitative measures, such as surveys, to assess the effectiveness of violence prevention programs, the authors of this book use qualitative research and ethnography to study the environment where such programs take place. Thus, this work--one of only a few ethnographic studies of violence prevention programs in schools--links previous quantitative research on the topic and critical ethnography. "Preventing Violence in Schools: A Challenge to American Democracy"
*includes voices of school students, accused of practicing violence, who have been participants in violence prevention programs;
*analyzes a citywide peer mediation program (who benefits and who does not, who is mediated and who mediates, and what the implications of these findings may be);
*examines the kinds of violence recognized in schools and the ways schools themselves may perpetuate violence; and
*describes a violence prevention program for students at an alternative school.
"Preventing Violence in Schools: A Challenge to American Democracy" is highly relevant for students in courses on urban education, foundations of education, education and social policy, youth and the law, and qualitative research, and for teachers, administrators, and other professionals, such as school psychologists and guidance counselors, at the middle and high school levels.

Intended to be more than just a quick-fix manual for the do-it-yourselfer, this handbook covers all aspects of small business computing. It is a complete guide for solving the most typical problems most users will encounter. Both the neophyte and experienced user should find helpful tips. Topics covered include: hardware; graphics software; the Internet; ergonomics; keyboards; networks; company addresses; utilities software; educational software; printers; monitors; security threats; and Websites.

Contents:
About the Authors. 1. The Internationalization of US Illicit Drug Control Policy Jurg Gerber and Eric L. Jensen 2. Toward an Explanation of the Persistence of Failed Policy: Binding Drug Policy to Foreign Policy, 1930-1962 Kevin F. Ryan 3. The International System of Drug Control: Developments and Trends Hans-Jorg Albrecht 4. Hong Kong Mark S. Gaylord 5. American Influence on British Drug Policy Philip Bean 6. Drug Policy in Australia - Our Own? Margaret Hamilton 7. Drug War: Canadian Style Patricia G. Erickson and David L. Haans 8. The War on Drugs in Taiwan Furjen Denq and Hsiao-Ming Wang 9. The Drug War in Latin America: Ten Years in a Quagmire Eugene E. Bouley Jr 10. Exporting the War to the Netherlands and Dutch Alternatives Ineke Haen, Marshall and Henk van de Bunt 11. Drug Policies in the Federal Republic of Germany: Development, Trends and Influences From North America Hans-Jorg Albrecht 12. Switzerland's Drug Policy as an Alternative to the American War on Drugs? Martin Killias

This work has its origin in the International Conference on Preventing and Controlling Money Laundering and the Use of Proceeds of Crime: A Global Approach organised by ISPAC, the International Scientific and Advisory Board of the United Nations in co-operation with the Crime and Justice Branch of the United Nations under the auspices of the Italian Government. Some of the main papers presented are substantially revised and collected in this book, which is divided into "Trends and Implications" and "Tuning the Instruments". The chapters develop an analysis of the different aspects of the money laundering problem and attempt to tune the instruments for combating them. Globalization of the problem calls for globalization of the responses. By presenting a wide range of different approaches and experiences, this book explores the threads of the global web that is international money laundering. While offering no simple solutions, it reinforces the need for action, positing strategies that address all aspects of the problem.

Once a group of young people (reformed street robbers) had a vision. To transform their poor divided community. But the vision was tarnished by harsh reality, violent feuds and factional strife, corrupt and ineffective leaders, and youths involved in networks of criminality.
LTarnished Vision is the story of the rise and fall of a utopian community project told against a background of crime and delinquency in a troubled neighbourhood. This vivid and authentic account of life in Satellite City' is set in the 1980s, a decade when the promises of the enterprise culture failed to deliver, and the conditions were created for a generation hooked on crime.
Tarnished Vision depicts the 1980s inner city cycle of social tragedy followed by inept societal response, followed by social tragedy. But this is not only a story for the 1980s. The message is that programmes to save the inner cities, however well-resoourced, cannot afford to ignore the destructive frustrations of urban male youths wh are involved in crime. Community action programmes can be no more than window dressing to camouflage these realities.