This symposium series book describes women in mid- to upper- level positions within the chemical industry who have been deemed successful, but are relatively unknown on a national level. Success comes in many forms, and it also comes in many positions. The book will highlight women whose careers range from very technical and obvious to those that are not. Some of the key careers include technical directors, eminent scientists, business managers, patent attorneys, bench chemists, entrepreneurs, human resource directors, and journalists.
The goal of this book is to create a resource where women can find a role model, someone with whom they can relate. Profiling women with a wide diversity of experiences and career opportunities allows the reader to find a common connection. Finally the workplace is not perfect; this series book will highlight both the pleasant and unpleasant career experiences which these women underwent.

Environmental Fate and Safety Management of Agrochemicals discusses residue analysis, environmental fate and safety management, environmental risk assessment, metabolism, resistance and management, and advances in formulation and application technology from the academic, government, and industry perspective.
Meaningful ecological and environmental risk assessment of pest control agents is possible only when accurate and credible metabolic and environmental fate data is available. The advent of affordable and sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has greatly increased our ability to detect environmentally relevant metabolites and degradation products following the application of these materials. Furthermore, ecological risk assessment and monitoring of pesticide resistance in field populations has become more feasible and cost effective by employing hig-hroughout molecular diagnostic techniques on the genetic leve3l and LC/MS techniques on the proteomic and meabolomic levels.
Efficient formulations and application technologies have greatly reduced the amount of materials that are required to achieve effective pest control and hence reduce their ecological and environmental impacts. Controlled release, stabilization and dispersion technologies have provided the pest manager with new tools that allow them to use necessary pest control options in "best management strategies."

In today's world, it has become necessary to shift towards a more eco-friendly and sustainable approach in the industrial field to reduce pollution and stop toxic chemicals from entering the environment. Green chemistry is an emerging concept that can be utilized to assist with these environmental issues. To ensure this concept is employed to its full potential, further study on the best practices and challenges of implementation are required. Green Chemistry for the Development of Eco-Friendly Products discusses the main objective of green chemistry and how it can redefine and modify manufacturing processes and products in order to decrease hazards to human health. The book also considers key concepts of green chemistry, such as the need to make better use of available resources for the development of a chemical process. Covering critical topics such as bioplastics, waste, and hydrogen law, this reference work is ideal for chemists, business owners, environmentalists, policymakers, academicians, scholars, researchers, practitioners, instructors, and students.

This second volume examines regulatory issues of ingredients, manufacturing, and finished products, as well as claim substantiation, packaging, and advertising. A chapter on Chinese regulations will be one of the first about this country to be published in book form.
Includes a regulatory map of India and China
Global IP protection strategies
REACH and European Regulatory standards
"Green chemistry" in relation to cosmetics and regulation
* Simplifies global regulations for anyone exporting cosmetics.
* Excellent reference not only for manufacturing and marketing, but for legal departments and packaging as well.
* Describes how to develop a global regulatory strategy.

Understanding why and how failures occur is critical to failure prevention, as even the slightest breakdown can lead to catastrophic loss of life and asset as well as widespread pollution. This book helps anyone involved with machinery reliability, whether in the design of new plants or the maintenance and operation of existing ones, to understand why process equipment fails and thereby prevent similar failures.

How does a market globalize? How do antitrust and trade policies speed up or slow down the process? How do firms take part in it? The book offers a comprehensive appraisal of the phenomenon from a thorough study of the cement industry. Considered as a model of spatial competition in economic textbooks and inherently local, the industry globalized in the 1980s. Hence, the originality of the book to deal with an extreme case that highlights the fundamental characteristics of globalization.

This monograph provides an account of how the synthetic nitrogen industry became the forerunner of the 20th-century chemical industry in Europe, the United States and Asia. Based on an earlier SpringerBrief by the same author, which focused on the period of World War I, it expands considerably on the international aspects of the development of the synthetic nitrogen industry in the decade and a half following the war, including the new technologies that rivalled the Haber-Bosch ammonia process. Travis describes the tremendous global impact of fixed nitrogen (as calcium cyanamide and ammonia), including the perceived strategic need for nitrogen (mainly for munitions), and, increasingly, its role in increasing crop yields, including in Italy under Mussolini, and in the Soviet Union under Stalin. The author also reviews the situation in Imperial Japan, including the earliest adoption of the Italian Casale ammonia process, from 1923, and the role of fixed nitrogen in the industrialization of colonial Korea from the late 1920s. Chemists, historians of science and technology, and those interested in world fertilizer production and the development of chemical industry during the first four decades of the twentieth century will find this book of considerable value.

This book covers all major areas of operation, pollution control, safety, modernization, diversification, and resource management for cost control in the industrial production of chemicals. The author details the importance of obtaining the right type of raw materials and equipment for maximum plant efficiency and discusses revival of plants that have been idle for long periods. He also presents important issues concerning product quality, energy recovery, safety, pollution control and improving profitability by proper management of resources. The book is ideal for shop floor engineers, middle level management, and owners of small- and medium-scale facilities in many countries as it serves as a guide for keeping the plant operations running in adverse situations, for reducing energy consumption; improving profitability, resource allocation, and workforce planning.

This book represents a first considered attempt to study the factors that conditioned industrial chemistry for war in 1914-18. Taking a comparative perspective, it reflects on the experience of France, Germany, Austria, Russia, Britain, Italy and Russia, and points to significant similarities and differences. It looks at changing patterns in the organisation of industry, and at the emerging symbiosis between science, industry and the military.

R& D, Innovation and Competitiveness in the European Chemical Industry explores the science & technology base and the dynamic performance of the European "system of innovation" in the chemical industry, with particular attention to its contribution to economic growth through innovation and competitiveness, and its ability to translate its research into commercially useful products. It also analyses the forces that encourage the diffusion of chemical innovations on downstream user industries and among large and small firms. The studies presented in this book represent an analysis of the issues and questions raised by the Green Paper on Innovation presented by the European Commission, for the specific case of the European chemical industry.
R& D, Innovation and Competitiveness in the European Chemical Industry will be of interest to industry and government experts related to the chemical industry, scholars; both faculty and graduate students interested in growth, corporate strategy and the management of innovation.

The complete control system engineering solution for continuous and batch manufacturing plants.

This book presents a complete methodology of control system design for continuous and batch manufacturing in such diverse areas as pulp and paper, petrochemical, chemical, food, pharmaceutical, and biochemical production. Geared to practicing engineers faced with designing increasingly more sophisticated control systems in response to present-day economic and regulatory pressures, Plantwide Process Control focuses on the engineering portion of a plant automation improvement project. It features a full control design information package (Control Requirements Definition or CRD), and guides readers through all steps of the automation process—from the initial concept to design, simulation, testing, implementation, and operation. This unique and practical resource:

• Integrates continuous, batch, and discrete control techniques.
• Shows how to use the methodology with any automation project—existing or new, simple or complex, large or small.
• Relates recent ISO and ISA standards to the discipline of control engineering.
• Illustrates the methodology with a pulp-and-paper mill case study.
• Incorporates numerous other examples, from single-loop controllers to multivariable controllers.

Providing an important and timely overview of research on the exciting area of entrepreneurship in biotechnology, The Handbook of Bioentrepreneurship examines one of the most promising industries of the 21st century. While genetically engineered food and biopharmaceuticals have made biotechnology part of our everyday life, starting a bioventure is among the most complex and risky entrepreneurial tasks given long development cycles, high technological and market uncertainty, and high capital intensity. Providing unparalleled in-depth and detailed analysis, this Handbook sheds light on business models and strategies, financing, cooperation networks between firms and universities, among other issues. With new developments in biotechnology increasingly in the news, this is an important source for readers interested in public policy, entrepreneurship, and business in the 21st century.

This groundbreaking book is the first comparative analysis of the relative strengths of global bioregions. Growth Cultures investigates the rapidly growing phenomena of biotechnology and sets this study within a knowledge economy context. Philip Cooke proposes a new knowledge-focused theoretical framework, 'the New Global Bioeconomy', against which to test empirical characteristics of biotechnology. In this timely volume, Cooke unifies concepts from the sociology of science, economic sociology and evolutionary economic geography to focus on the problems and prospects for policy agencies worldwide trying to build 'biotechnology clusters'. He develops a superior policy approach of thinking in terms of platforms that integrate proximities and pipelines, which will be of significant interest for the scientific and technological communities as well as economic development policy communities. Growth Cultures will make fascinating reading for students, policy makers and researchers across management and business studies, innovation and knowledge studies, sociology, science and technology policy, applied economics, development studies and regional science.

The interest in control of nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) sys tems has been triggered by the need to achieve tight distributed control of transport-reaction processes that exhibit highly nonlinear behavior and strong spatial variations. Drawing from recent advances in dynamics of PDE systems and nonlinear control theory, control of nonlinear PDEs has evolved into a very active research area of systems and control. This book the first of its kind- presents general methods for the synthesis of nonlinear and robust feedback controllers for broad classes of nonlinear PDE sys tems and illustrates their applications to transport-reaction processes of industrial interest. Specifically, our attention focuses on quasi-linear hyperbolic and parabolic PDE systems for which the manipulated inputs and measured and controlled outputs are distributed in space and bounded. We use geometric and Lyapunov-based control techniques to synthesize nonlinear and robust controllers that use a finite number of measurement sensors and control actuators to achieve stabilization of the closed-loop system, output track ing, and attenuation of the effect of model uncertainty. The controllers are successfully applied to numerous convection-reaction and diffusion-reaction processes, including a rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition reactor and a Czochralski crystal growth process. The book includes comparisons of the proposed nonlinear and robust control methods with other approaches and discussions of practical implementation issues."

It's the new rock and roll. It's the new black. Sustainability is trendy, and not just among hipsters and pop stars. The uncool chemical sector helped pioneer it, and today, companies inside and outside the sector have embraced it. But what have they embraced? Surely not the Brundtland definition of meeting "the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."

Sustainability describes a change in the chemical industry's approach to the external world: to regulators, to greens, to neighbors, to investors and to the general public. Displacing the adversarialism of the 1970s-80s, sustainability is a new approach to social/political conflict, and an attempt to rebuild the industry's long-suffering public image. In practice, it consists of:
A 'stakeholder' approach to communications and external relations
A rebranding of regulatory compliance and risk management, with the emphasis on their benefits to stakeholders
Recognition (and even celebration) of the opportunities, not just the costs, of environmental and social protection

The core of this book is a survey of the world's 29 largest chemical companies: how they put sustainability into action (six of the 29 do not), and the six 'sustainability brands' they have created. It begins with a history of stakeholders conflict, before looking at various definitions of sustainability - by academics, by the public and by investors. After the survey and analysis, the book covers sustainability and 'greenwash' plus the ROI of sustainability, and it gives five recommendations.

First published in 1985, this book is about Imperial Chemical Industriesa (TM) response to the changing social, political, business and economic environment over the past twenty years. Using personal interviews and archival material, Andrew Pettigrew examines the evolution of business strategy, organisation structure and culture, technology and union-management relations within this corporate giant over an extended period of time. It is a compelling account, told from the inside, by one of the worlda (TM)s leading management and organisation theorists. The Awakening Giant has made a major practical and theoretical contribution to the study of corporate strategy, organisational analysis and change, and business history. Anyone with an interest in managing change in a large corporation will find this reissue rewarding reading.

Supply chain management helped companies to manage volumes, fulfil customer demand and optimize costs in production and distribution. Specifically, chemical industry companies with high complexity in production and distribution used supply chain management to steer their operations. Confronted with globalization and increasing raw material and sales price volatility, optimizing supply chain costs is no longer sufficient to ensure the overall profitability of the business. Value chain management takes supply chain management to the next level by integrating all volume and value decisions from sales to procurement. The book presents the value chain management concept and demonstrates how it is applied in a global value chain planning model for commodities in the chemical industry. A comprehensive industry case study illustrates the effects of decision making integration, e.g. the influence of raw material prices or exchange rates on optimal sales, production, distribution and procurement plans as well as overall company profitability.

The petroleum and chemical industries contain a wide variety of corrosive environments, many of which are unique to these industries. Oil and gas production operations consume a tremendous amount of iron and steel pipe, tubing, pumps, valves, and sucker rods. Metallic corrosion is costly. However, the cost of corrosion is not just financial. Beyond the huge direct outlay of funds to repair or replace corroded structures are the indirect costs natural resources, potential hazards, and lost opportunity. Wasting natural resources is a direct contradiction to the growing need for sustainable development. By selecting the correct material and applying proper corrosion protection methods, these costs can be reduced, or even eliminated. This book provides a minimum design requirement for consideration when designing systems in order to prevent or control corrosion damage safely and economically, and addresses: Corrosion problems in petroleum and chemical industries Requirements for corrosion control Chemical control of corrosive environments Corrosion inhibitors in refineries and petrochemical plants Materials selection and service life of materials Surface preparation, protection and maintainability Corrosion monitoring - plant inspection techniques and laboratory corrosion testing techniques Intended for engineers and industry personnel working in the petroleum and chemical industries, this book is also a valuable resource for research and development teams, safety engineers, corrosion specialists and researchers in chemical engineering, engineering and materials science.

This book discusses capital separation processes of industrial interest and explores the potential for substantial improvement offered by a promising class of substances: ionic liquids. These low melting point salts, with their unique characteristics, have been gaining relevance in the field of separation through a variety of approaches. The chapters are structured from an application perspective, and cover the utilisation of ionic liquids in different unit operation contexts (distillation, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-liquid extraction), giving an idea of their remarkable versatility. The final chapters focus on the use of ionic liquids in analytical applications based on separation procedures. This volume combines the review of the main advances to date with the analysis of the potential future use of ionic liquids in separation processes across a variety of fields, ranging from enhancement of state-of-the-art technologies to a revolution in the technological bases currently in use. It provides a valuable resource for engineers and scientists working in the field of separation, as well as for all readers generally interested in ionic liquids, in particular from an application standpoint. Hector Rodriguez is a faculty member of the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Biotechnology is a rapidly developing sector of the economy for coun tries throughout the world. This rapid development has led to heated debate over its risks and benefits. Advocates of biotechnology point to the potential benefits offered by products that promise to elimi nate disease, provide for more efficient diagnostic techniques, treatments and drugs, yield increased food production, and so forth. Others fear that the rapid developments of this technology have occurred without appropriate consideration having been given to the ethical ramifications, the potential health risks and long-term envi ronmental impacts, implications for income distribution, and potential for abuse. Consumers and producers share concern for the future of biotechnology: the realities and even the perceptions, informed or otherwise. This book is the outcome of a research project on Biotechnology and the Consumer sponsored by the Office of Consumer Affairs of Industry Canada. The project was designed to foster informed public policy on biotechnology and in particular, to contribute to and inform the Canadian government's development of a Canadian Biotechnology Strategy. The Office funded a group of authors to prepare a series of analytical papers on a range of consumer and informational issues related to biotechnology. This project also involved an interim workshop in which the authors presented their papers, and culmi nated in a symposium on Biotechnology and the Consumer Interest, held on September 24-25, 1997, in Ottawa, Canada."

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) for Pesticide Regulatory Purposes stems from the experience of the EC funded project DEMETRA. This project combined institutes involved in the regulatory process of pesticides, industries of the sector and scientists to develop and offer original software for the prediction of ecotoxicity of pesticides. Then to be used within the dossier preparation for pesticide registration. The basis of this book is more than three-years of research activities, discussions, studies and successful models. This experience represents a useful example not only for the case of pesticides, but also for the prediction of ecotoxicity and toxicity in general.
QSAR is used to link a given property of a chemical compound with some features related to its structure. The theoretical toxicological, chemical and information technology aspects will be treated considering the regulatory issues. Innovative hybrid systems will be described, for the toxicity prediction of pesticides and related compounds, directly useful for pesticide evaluation within the Dossier preparation for pesticide registration. Five endpoints will also be discussed, addressing issues as standardisation, verification, validation, accessibility, reproducibility.
The driving force for Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) for Pesticide Regulatory Purposes is that all the issues of concern for end-users are analysed, discussed and solutions proposed further. An innovative feature is that, in order to offer powerful QSAR models, the book discusses and reports on integrated QSAR models, combined into a unique hybrid system.
* Assesses the needs of regulators for pesticide approval and how these needs affect QSAR models
* Combines theoretical discussion with practical examples, including five worked examples of hybrid systems
* Refers to original software available through the internet

Modern biotechnology - the controversial manipulation of genes in living organisms - has far-reaching implications for agriculture, human health, trade and the environment. Against the odds, an international treaty governing biosafety and trade in biotechnology was adopted in 2000. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety of the Convention on Biological Diversity deals with one of the most important and challenging issues thrown up by developments in biotechnology. This volume is a comprehensive review of the protocol and the process that led to its adoption. It includes contributions from many of the key players involved and analyses the commercial and political interests at stake, the operations and implications of the protocol, and prospects for the future.