Ernest Solvay, philanthropist and organizer of the world-famous Solvay conferences on physics, discovered a profitable way of making soda ash in 1861. Together with a handful of associates, he laid the foundations of the Solvay company, which successfully branched out to other chemicals, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. Since its emergence in 1863, Solvay has maintained world leadership in the production of soda ash. This is the first scholarly book on the history of the Solvay company, which was one of the earliest chemical multinationals and today is among the world's twenty largest chemical companies. It is also one of the largest companies in the field to preserve its family character. The authors analyze the company's 150-year history (1863 2013) from economic, political, and social perspectives, showing the enormous impact geopolitical events had on the company and the recent consequences of global competition."

Entrepreneurs, managers, and policy makers must make decisions about a future that is inherently uncertain. Since the only rational guide for the future is the past, analysis of previous episodes in industrial development can shape informed decisions about what the future will hold. Historical scholarship that seeks to uncover systematically the causal processes transforming industries is thus of vital importance to the executives and managers shaping business policy today. With this in mind, Johann Peter Murmann compares the development of the synthetic dye industry in Great Britain, Germany, and the United States through the lenses of evolutionary theory. The rise of this industry constitutes an important chapter in business, economic, and technological history because synthetic dyes, invented in 1856, were the first scientific discovery quickly to give rise to a new industry. Just as with contemporary high tech industries, the synthetic dye business faced considerable uncertainty that led to many surprises for the agents involved. After the discovery of synthetic dyes, British firms led the industry for the first eight years, but German firms came to dominate the industry for decades; American firms, in contrast, played only a minor role in this important development. Murmann identifies differences in educational institutions and patent laws as the key reasons for German leadership in the industry. Successful firms developed strong ties to the centers of organic chemistry knowledge. As Murmann demonstrates, a complex coevolutionary process linking firms, technology, and national institutions resulted in very different degrees of industrial success among the dye firms in the threecountries.

Strategic alliances are generally analyzed as planned and rational developments with clearly measurable outcomes in traditional management textbooks. Mark de Rond argues that such a view is unrealistic. Instead, he emphasizes the social dimension and the importance of the individuals involved inside alliances. Based on in-depth case studies of three major biotechnology alliances, the book combines insights from social theory and intellectual history with more mainstream strategic management literature. It provides a thought-provoking analysis that appeals to the reflective professional as well as academic researchers.

In Saskatchewan, politics and potash are continuously, inextricably intertwined. The province is the largest single producer of potash on earth, accounting for about a quarter of the world's total production. The industry has played a significant role in the provincial economy for over 40 years and continues to contribute to Saskatchewan's growth. Recoverable reserves of potash are well over 100 billions tons. With global markets currently in upheaval, Potash explores the interface between politics and the industry, the question of returns to the people of the province, and considers new developments that portend changes to the existing state of affairs. Written by an insider who helped nationalise the industry in the 1970s, John Burton expertly integrates behind-the-scenes accounts of the major players, archival material, and interview sources to produce a book that cuts through the bull and adds to our understanding of the world's greatest fertiliser.

Nuked recounts the long-term effects of radiological exposure in St. Louis, Missouri-the city that refined uranium for the first self- sustaining nuclear reaction and the first atomic bomb. As part of the top-secret Manhattan Project during World War II, the refining created an enormous amount of radioactive waste that increased as more nuclear weapons were produced and stockpiled for the Cold War. Unfortunately, government officials deposited the waste on open land next to the municipal airport. An adjacent creek transported radionuclides downstream to the Missouri River, thereby contaminating St. Louis's northern suburbs. Amid official assurances of safety, residents were unaware of the risks. The resulting public health crisis continues today with cleanup operations expected to last through the year 2238. Morice attributes the crisis to several factors. They include a minimal concern for land pollution; cutting corners to win the war; new homebuilding practices that spread radioactive dirt; insufficient reporting mechanisms for cancer; and a fragmented government that failed to respond to regional problems.

The chemicals manufacturing industry is a vibrant, global business that encompasses many important sectors: from commodity chemicals, to specialty chemicals, to custom manufacturing. Key topics include global trade, finance and acquisitions, biochemicals, nanochemicals, polymers, petrochemicals, fertilizers, plastics, coatings, ceramics, solvents, additives, dyes and many other products basic to home and business needs. In addition, the pharmaceuticals industry is included when discussing chemicals. Plunkett's Chemicals, Plastics & Coatings Industry Almanac provides a market research tool for competitive intelligence, strategic planning, business analysis and employment searches. Our coverage includes business trends analysis and industry statistics. The almanac also contains a chemicals, plastics and coatings business glossary and a listing of industry contacts, such as industry associations and government agencies. Next, we profile hundreds of leading companies. Our 400 company profiles include complete business descriptions and up to 27 executives by name and title. This companies database includes petrochemicals firms, major drug makers and specialty chemicals firms, public and private, on a global basis. You'll find a complete overview, industry analysis and market research report in one superb, value-priced package.

Nuked recounts the long-term effects of radiological exposure in St. Louis, Missouri-the city that refined uranium for the first self- sustaining nuclear reaction and the first atomic bomb. As part of the top-secret Manhattan Project during World War II, the refining created an enormous amount of radioactive waste that increased as more nuclear weapons were produced and stockpiled for the Cold War. Unfortunately, government officials deposited the waste on open land next to the municipal airport. An adjacent creek transported radionuclides downstream to the Missouri River, thereby contaminating St. Louis's northern suburbs. Amid official assurances of safety, residents were unaware of the risks. The resulting public health crisis continues today with cleanup operations expected to last through the year 2238. Morice attributes the crisis to several factors. They include a minimal concern for land pollution; cutting corners to win the war; new homebuilding practices that spread radioactive dirt; insufficient reporting mechanisms for cancer; and a fragmented government that failed to respond to regional problems.

An easy-to-use, how-to guide that significantly expedites the compliance process

As the window of time for bringing new chemical products to market continues to narrow, it is increasingly essential that the process of commercialization (bringing a chemical from an R&D lab to the market as a product) be completed as quickly as possible. Complying with TSCA Inventory Requirements is a how-to book that succinctly delivers the relevant information about the Environmental Protection Agency’s Toxic Substances Control Act to chemistry professionals working in a corporate environment. Author Chan Thanawalla provides step-by-step directions for meeting TSCA regulations, vastly simplifying the compliance process for any professional responsible for these procedures in the chemical industry.

The hallmark of the book is its description of the textual and schematic processes used to check TSCA inventory compliance of chemicals for a variety of chemical operations. In addition to this vital, practical information, the author includes a history of how TSCA has evolved over the past twenty-five years with a discussion of specific TSCA provisions that avoids, wherever possible, cumbersome legal jargon in favor of easy-to-understand explanation. Complying with TSCA Inventory Requirements also contains all the necessary EPA forms, instruction manuals, and guidance documents that may be needed to secure the compliance, including:

• Notice of Commencement Form (EPA Form 7710-56)
• PreManufacture Notice (PMN) Form (EPA Form 7710-25)
• PMN and NOC Instruction Manual
• Polymer Exemption Guidance Manual

Complying with TSCA Inventory Requirements promises to streamline the standardization process of compliance like never before.

"The stresses caused by the rapid growth of biological knowledge and capability will sorely test democratic societies in the coming decades. A first step in coping with these strains must involve expanding the discussion of the issues and the pace of change beyond the tiny circle of biologists and businesspeople now involved. Enter Rabinow and Dan-Cohen, whose investigations of Celera Diagnostics, a company at the forefront of research in human genetic differences, open the concepts, practices, and institutions of this revolutionary world to broader public scrutiny. Imagine if Tracy Kidder had written "The Soul of a New Machine" about a genomic diagnostics company, and informed it with deep, scholarly insight into science, business, and leadership, and you begin to get the scope of this book."--Dr. Roger Brent, Director and President of The Molecular Sciences Institute

"This fascinating book opens up a huge number of questions about how social scientists, anthropologists, or science studies practitioners write about science, scientists, technology, and innovation. It offers some of the most sophisticated and detailed accounts to date of the complexity, serendipity, and unpredictability of the very kinds of scientific innovation that are often described as being deliberately planned to serve specific interests or normative values. It is packed with very original data, its analytical style and argument are very provocative, and it makes a very timely contribution to the field. I have never read anything like it."--Sarah Franklin, author of "Embodied Progress: A Cultural Account of Assisted Conception"

"This impressive book provides an accessible, frank, behind-the-scenes look atwhat is really likely from the much-hyped hope-inspiring mapping of the genome. Led by the brilliant questioning and set pieces Rabinow and Dan-Cohen have devised, the reader gains, on the one hand, a heartening view of collective scientific talent, ingenuity, and cunning at work. On the other hand, through their interviews the authors show what is really different about this work of scientists--the talented work under the shadow of the profit motive, risk, opportunity, markets, and the brutality, sometimes, of the verdicts of their capitalist patrons. All of this is ingeniously explored in this chronicle, in an involving and engaging way. I gained much from reading it both as an anthropologist and as a middle-aged general reader, like many others, interested in the imminent promise of genetics for medical care."--George Marcus, Rice University, author of "Ethnography through Thick and Thin"

""A Machine to Make a Future" is an insightful and creative contribution to the literature--both scholarly and journalistic--on contemporary genomics. By 'experimenting' with narrative genre, the authors hope to generate different insights into the world of genomics and biotechnology than ones generally presented in existing accounts. They succeed at that goal, providing an account that is ethnographically rich and analytically open to a world whose structure, implications, and outcomes are very much in the making."--Nadia Abu El-Haj, Barnard College, author of "Facts on the Ground"

The chemicals manufacturing industry is a vibrant, global business that encompasses many important sectors: from commodity chemicals, to specialty chemicals, to custom manufacturing. Key topics include global trade, finance and acquisitions, biochemicals, nanochemicals, polymers, petrochemicals, fertilizers, plastics, coatings, ceramics, solvents, additives, dyes and many other products basic to home and business needs. In addition, the pharmaceuticals industry is included when discussing chemicals. Plunkett's Chemicals, Plastics & Coatings Industry Almanac provides a market research tool for competitive intelligence, strategic planning, business analysis and employment searches. Our coverage includes business trends analysis and industry statistics. The almanac also contains a chemicals, plastics and coatings business glossary and a listing of industry contacts, such as industry associations and government agencies. Next, we profile hundreds of leading companies. Our 400 company profiles include complete business descriptions and up to 27 executives by name and title. This companies database includes petrochemicals firms, major drug makers and specialty chemicals firms, public and private, on a global basis. You'll find a complete overview, industry analysis and market research report in one superb, value-priced package.

The dean of business historians continues his masterful chronicle of the transforming revolutions of the twentieth century begun in "Inventing the Electronic Century."

Alfred Chandler argues that only with consistent attention to research and development and an emphasis on long-term corporate strategies could firms remain successful over time. He details these processes for nearly every major chemical and pharmaceutical firm, demonstrating why some companies forged ahead while others failed.

By the end of World War II, the chemical and pharmaceutical industries were transformed by the commercializing of new learning, the petrochemical and the antibiotic revolutions. But by the 1970s, chemical science was no longer providing the new learning necessary to commercialize more products, although new directions flourished in the pharmaceutical industries. In the 1980s, major drug companies, including Eli Lilly, Merck, and Schering Plough, commercialized the first biotechnology products, and as the twenty-first century began, the infrastructure of this biotechnology revolution was comparable to that of the second industrial revolution just before World War I and the information revolution of the 1960s. "Shaping the Industrial Century" is a major contribution to our understanding of the most dynamic industries of the modern era.

This pest control guide is a project of the Southern Nursery IPM Working Group (SNIPM) and collaborators. Featuring 25 tables and 14 graphs, this guide provides up to date information about pest control products used in nursery crops and ornamental landscape plantings in the southeast. It is a quality resource on its own or as a supplement to more comprehensive integrated pest management (IPM) manuals for trees and shrubs. This publication and more comprehensive IPM manuals are available in free downloadable PDF versions from the SNIPM web site.

All aspects of the personal care industry will be comprehensively discussed in Polymers for Personal Care Products and Cosmetics, including biological targets, safety issues, and the legal and regulatory aspects of this large industry. There will be a broad overview of cosmetic ingredients, vehicles and finished products as well as coverage of the main methodologies for microbiology, safety and efficacy testing. The reader will be provided with a solid background of the fundamentals of the area, before being brought up to date on the future of this field, along with discussion of the latest materials trends and future perspectives. Written by a World renowned expert in the area, the book will provide a unique look into this fast developing industry from interviews carried out with key experts in industry and academia. The advantages and disadvantages of the technologies involved in the development of these materials will be highlighted, providing a balanced and thorough review of the current state-of-the-art research. This book will appeal to researchers, academics and students working in polymer and materials chemistry, particularly those with an interest in personal care products.

Prepared by the Board, this annual report presents an analysis of the information at its disposal and, in appropriate cases, an account of the explanations, if any, given by or required of Parties, together with any observations and recommendations which The Board desires to make. This report is submitted to the Economic and Social Council through the Commission, which may make such comments as it sees fit.

"A tour-de-force for anyone who is interested in the biotech industry. I applaud the enormous achievement of Cynthia Robbins-Roth."-Frederick Frank, Senior Managing Director & Vice Chair, Lehman Brothers"From Alchemy to IPO tells the dramatic story of this revolutionary industry as only an insider can."-George Rathmann, President and CEO, ICOS Corporation, Chairman Emeritus, AmgenWritten by a well-known industry insider, From Alchemy to IPO addresses the coming-of-age of biotech products and companies and traces the history of biotechnology from its early inception in the seventies to today's heyday of new solutions and breakthrough treatments. It describes the amazing entrepreneurial trail of product development, novel business models, and critical trials that eventually pave the way to market. This is the first book to accurately record the inner workings of an industry-biotechnology-that's on the verge of living up to its monumental promise to change the world as we know it.

To retain their usefulness, cultures that manufacture economically valuable products must be uncontaminated, viable, and genetically stable. Maintaining Cultures for Biotechnology and Industry gives practical advice necessary to preserve and maintain cells and microorganisms important to the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries in ways that ensure they will continue to be able to synthesize those valuable metabolites. This book covers not just those strains currently being used but also those yet to be discovered and engineered.
This text is essential for anyone working with cultures who wants to avoid the frustration of losing strains and needs to be able to devise and evaluate new strategies for preservation.
Key Features
* Written by hands-on experts in their respective fields
* Contains helpful tables and protocols for preserving or maintaining cells, cultures and viruses
* Discusses means to preserve cells by freezing, lyophilization, drying, cyoprotection, spore storage, continuous propagation and subculturing when absolutely necessary, and others
* Gives information needed to test cultures for stable retention of important characteristics
* Gives principles needed to devise and evaluate preservation strategies for newly identified and newly engineered cells and organisms
* Lists culture sources for each class of organism
* Includes information for characterizing and monitoring recombinant organisms, especially important because of their propensity for genetic stability
* Discusses the history of the continually evolving field of culture preservation
* Examines the importance of genetically stable cultures as it relates to maintaining patent positions

In the first serious history of the biotechnology industry, Martin Kenney examines its growth and structure, describes the role of university departments of basic and applied biology, and shows how the relationship undermines the educational role of the university. "Kenney's work is the first major effort to provide a detailed analysis of the birth of the new industrial field of biotechnology and its impact on universities. . . . Kenney's book abounds in rich description and valuable conjectures. It also provides important insights into the structural and institutional aspects of the biotechnological revolution. It is informed by an extensive literature including reports form the financial community, university-industry contracts, trade journals, personal interviews, and company prospectuses."-Sheldon Krimsky, American Scientist "A fine description of a vital new field. It deserves wide readership."-David Silbert and Duncan Newhauser, New England Journal of Medicine "The author raises important questions about whether the character of this university-industrial complex adequately allows for the kind of public discussion and participation necessary to insure consideration of social, economic, and moral issues in the development of this important new technology."-Harvard Educational Review "Bears upon questions of fundamental importance to science, academia, and society and provides valuable documentation of the magnitude of the actions already taken and the multitude of participants involved."-Robert L. Sinsheimer, Nature

"Whether your company is large or small, whether you are experienced with auditing or just developing a system, consistent use of the techniques presented can significantly improve your audit and your process safety management. This book discusses the fundamental skills, techniques, and tools of auditing, and the characteristics of a good process safety management system. A variety of approaches are given so the reader can select the methodology best suited for a given audit. Since information needed for review in the audit may be scattered or undocumented, it offers suggestions on what to look for and where to look for it"--

Providing the first overview of Asia's emerging biosciences landscape, this timely and important collection brings together ethnographic case studies on biotech endeavors such as genetically modified foods in China, clinical trials in India, blood collection in Singapore and China, and stem-cell research in Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. While biotech policies and projects vary by country, the contributors identify a significant trend toward state entrepreneurialism in biotechnology, and they highlight the ways that political thinking and ethical reasoning are converging around the biosciences. As ascendant nations in a region of postcolonial emergence, with an "uncanny surplus" in population and pandemics, Asian countries treat their populations as sources of opportunity and risk. Biotech enterprises are allied to efforts to overcome past humiliations and restore national identity and political ambition, and they are legitimized as solutions to national anxieties about food supplies, diseases, epidemics, and unknown biological crises in the future. Biotechnological responses to perceived risks stir deep feelings about shared fate, and they crystallize new ethical configurations, often re-inscribing traditional beliefs about ethnicity, nation, and race. As many of the essays in this collection illustrate, state involvement in biotech initiatives is driving the emergence of "biosovereignty," an increasing pressure for state control over biological resources, commercial health products, corporate behavior, and genetic based-identities. "Asian Biotech" offers much-needed analysis of the interplay among biotechnologies, economic growth, biosecurity, and ethical practices in Asia.

Contributors
Vincanne Adams
Nancy N. Chen
Stefan Ecks
Kathleen Erwin
Phuoc V. Le
Jennifer Liu
Aihwa Ong
Margaret Sleeboom-Faulkner
Kaushik Sunder Rajan
Wen-Ching Sung
Charis Thompson
Ara Wilson

Ultrafiltration technology has been widely used in many fields such as water purification, chemical separation, pharmaceutical production, food processing, seawater desalination pre-treatment, and more. This book provides new research on the processes and uses of ultrafiltration. Chapter One reviews the preparation and application of hollow fibre ultrafiltration membrane. Chapter Two details the ultrafiltration of surfactin (lipopeptide), one of the most well-known biosurfactants and suggests a similar process for mannosylerythritol lipids (glycolipid), one of the most prominent biosurfactants. Chapter Three provides an overview on ultrafiltration in food processing. Chapter Four addresses a suitable methodology for fouling control on an ultrafiltration membrane. Chapter Five discusses the effect of anions on the removal of mercury(II) using FeS-supported crossflow ultrafiltration.

Solvents are ubiquitous throughout the chemical industry and are found in many consumer products. As a result, interest in solvents and their environmental impact has been steadily increasing. However, in order to achieve maximum integration of new green solvents into the relevant chemical sectors, clarification of the social, economic, and environmental implications of solvent substitution are needed. This book explores the solvent life cycle, highlighting the challenges faced at various points, from production, through the supply-chain and downstream use to end-of-life treatment. It also discusses the potential benefits that a green chemistry and bio-based economy approach could bring. The current state-of-the-art of green solvents is evaluated along these lines, in addition to reviewing their applications with an appreciation of sustainability criteria. Providing a critical assessment on emerging solvents and featuring case studies and perspectives from different sectors, this is an important reference for academics and industrialists working with solvents, as well as policy-makers involved in bio-based initiatives.

The total world sales of filtration and separation equipmentand spares are estimated at US$29.5 billion in 2003. Good growth is forecast to continue through to 2009, on the back of the expansion in China, and the fresh and wastewatersegment growth rates, with a CAGR of more than 6%.
Source: Profile of the International Filtration & Separation Industry - Market Prospects to 2009,
5th Edition
This revised and updated 5th edition includes increased coverage on the strategic direction of the industry, plus it offers forecasts, analysis and comment on the filtration and separation industry to 2009.The study also outlines the structure of the global industry, assesses market and technological trends, offers market figures and forecasts to 2009 and identifies the major players.