Understanding how the brain subserves, and has evolved for, seemingly complex social behavior requires an evolutionarily and psychoanalytically informed framework a framework that sets itself apart from cognitivism and speculations about conscious agency or a "self" as an actor. Any position that does not fully discard the idea that conscious phenomena can cause behavior (or that we have free will), hinders advances toward an evolutionarily feasible theory of brain mechanisms of social behavior. Accordingly, a key concern of the book is to seek clarification of the relationship between consciousness, behavior, and brain. This theme, as well as themes concerned with the constituent elements of human social behavior and personality such as aggression, avoidance, anxiety, and reward seeking run through the book, being incorporated into the discussion of the various brain structures and regulatory mechanisms.Psychoanalysis not only emphasizes the primacy of the unconscious in social behavior, it also allows us to relate all forms of social behavior, and its variations into the extremes of psychopathology, to the expression of a few behavior mechanisms that are deeply rooted in the evolution of defensive and reward-seeking behaviors of vertebrates. Advances in biological psychiatry and behavioral neuroscience, reviewed here, illustrate the functioning under extreme conditions of a system that balances and intertwines defensive, aggressive, and reward-seeking motivational processes processes that lie hidden in the interpersonal and cultural fabric of the social world that surrounds us."

Key Features Explains normal physiology of pregnancy in addition to the physiology, evaluation, and management of endocrine diseases in pregnancy, and in the pre- and post-partum periods. Explores from a clinical standpoint with practical applications, useful for students, residents, fellows, mid-level providers, and practicing physicians. Discusses special considerations and emerging topics including pregnancy in transgender men, obesity and metabolism, and endocrine emergencies.

A potential crisis in human fertility is brewing. As societies become more affluent, they experience changes that have a dramatic impact on reproduction. As average family sizes fall, the selection pressure for high-fertility genes decreases; exacerbated by the IVF industry which allows infertility-linked genes to pass into the next generation. Male fertility rates are low, for many reasons including genetics and exposure to environmental toxins. So, a perfect storm of factors is contriving to drive fertility rates down at unprecedented rates. If we do not recognize the reality of our situation and react accordingly, an uncontrollable decline in population numbers is likely, which we'll be unable to reverse. This book will address, in a unique and multi-faceted way, how the consequences of modern life affects fertility, so that we can consider behavioural, social, medical and environmental changes which could reduce the severity of what is about to come.

The clinical laboratory plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of endocrine and related metabolic disorders, which are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children and adults. The Handbook of Diagnostic Endocrinology, Third Edition, provides a ready reference for the evaluation, diagnosis, and monitoring of such disorders. This revision incorporates translational medicine, connecting what clinicians need to know with those in research providing a clinical context to which they can relate their molecular findings. This book solves the needs of clinicians and researchers by bringing together in one book endocrinology at the molecular and clinical levels. As the intricacies of intracellular signaling have become better understood, states of hormone resistance are now increasingly recognized. The most common endocrinopathy in westernized countries, the metabolic syndrome, results, to a large extent, from insulin resistance. The complexity of the circulating forms of various hormones are acknowledged in this revision.

According to the United Nations, the number of people aged 60 years or over in the world is projected to be 1.4 billion in 2030 and 2.1 billion in 2050. Endocrinologists and other clinicians face the challenge of caring for the elderly. To do so, they need to incorporate geriatric principles into their clinical practice. Endocrinology of Aging: Clinical Aspects in Diagrams and Images presents chapters in a way that allows the reader to incorporate concepts and main facts of complex subjects in a visual way. As the global population becomes older, the need for a deeper understanding of geriatric pathology increases, and with it, the access to educational resources for the endocrinology and metabolism of aging.

Highly Commended in the category of Oncology at the British Medical Association Awards 2019 The accessible guide to the principles behind new, more targeted drug treatments for cancer Written for anyone who encounters cancer patients, cancer data or cancer terminology, but have no more than a passing knowledge of cell biology. A Beginner's Guide to Targeted Cancer Treatments provides an understanding of how cancer works and the many new treatments available. Using over 100 original illustrations, this accessible handbook covers the biology and mechanisms behind a huge range of targeted drug treatments, including many new immunotherapies. Dr Vickers translates a complex and often overwhelming topic into something digestible and easily understood. She also explains what cancer is, how it behaves and how our understanding of cancer has changed in recent years. Each chapter takes the reader through how new cancer drugs work and their benefits and limitations. With the help of this book, readers will be able to better understand more complex, in-depth articles in journals and books and develop their knowledge. This vital resource: Offers the latest insights into cancer biology Provides a broad understanding of how targeted cancer treatments work Describes many of the new immunotherapy approaches to cancer treatment, such as checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-modified T cells Helps readers feel confident discussing treatment options with colleagues and patients Provides an overview of which treatments are relevant to each of the most common solid tumours and haematological cancers, and the rationale behind them Demystifies the jargon - terms such as the EMT, cancer stem cells, monoclonal antibodies, kinase inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors etc. Explains the resistance mechanisms to many new treatments, including issues such as the way cancer cells diversify and evolve and the complex environment in which they live

"Many researchers live in their laboratories, and their careers and self-esteem like most everyone s these days are built on gaining recognition, not doing what is right. Most have never seen a patient, a person in pain, suffering the hurt of their circumstances someone who might shock them back into seeing what they know to be true. Moreover, academics rarely read outside their area of interest and often actively ignore obviously related research if it threatens to make their work seem less special. This struck me hard. As an idealistic graduate student, I was able to take a course at another university with an esteemed researcher whose work I then greatly admired. I was for a time quite thrilled. My disillusionment came when I enthusiastically expressed the opinion that his general conclusions were supported by the work of another psychologist who was studying the same subject with different methods. 'I don t know his work, ' he said, shaking his head and grimacing with disgust. It was as if I had asked him to taste something horrible. I guess I had.The particular path I have chosen connects what I can of this vast new field before us in order to better understand human nature, and especially what leads to our self-imposed inhibitions and self-inflicted mental pain. It offers a view from a practical perspective that addresses central clinical questions: What keeps us from fully realizing our capacities to understand ourselves and others, and what can be done to change?I do not claim great expertise in research design, statistics, or the interpretation of brain scans, but I believe I have learned enough to exclude the merely sensational. I have chosen not to present controversies in the interpretation of MRI data, although I know they exist because I know we are far from the end of the story. Some findings will remain accepted and others will not. I have tried to present the work of reputable researchers that has gained support, either through replication or by virtue of fitting in with a pattern of related studies. I do not privilege brain science over social science or from what we gather from the clinical encounter. I believe we have to struggle to see how it all fits in order to better understand what it means to be human." Michael Moskowitz, from the Introduction"

CONTAINS IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THE CORONAVIRUS! "Portrays epidemiologists as disease detectives who tirelessly hunt for clues and excel at deductive reasoning. Even Sherlock Holmes would be proud of this astute group of professionals."-Booklist This updated edition features a brand new section detailing important facts about the coronavirus and tips for keeping yourself and your family safe. Despite advances in health care, infectious microbes continue to be a formidable adversary to scientists and doctors. Vaccines and antibiotics, the mainstays of modern medicine, have not been able to conquer infectious microbes because of their amazing ability to adapt, evolve, and spread to new places. Terrorism aside, one of the greatest dangers from infectious disease we face today is from a massive outbreak of drug-resistant microbes. Deadly Outbreaks recounts the scientific adventures of a special group of intrepid individuals who investigate these outbreaks around the world and figure out how to stop them. Part homicide detective, part physician, these medical investigators must view the problem from every angle, exhausting every possible source of contamination. Any data gathered in the field must be stripped of human sorrows and carefully analyzed into hard statistics. Author Alexandra Levitt, PhD, is an expert on emerging diseases and other public health threats. Here she shares insider accounts she's collected that go behind the alarming headlines we've seen in the media: mysterious food poisonings, unexplained deaths at a children's hospital, a strange neurologic disease afflicting slaughterhouse workers, flocks of birds dropping dead out of the sky, and drug-resistant malaria running rampant in a refugee camp. Meet the resourceful investigators-doctors, veterinarians, and research scientists-and discover the truth behind these cases and more.

The Diploma of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (DRCOG) is a well-regarded post-graduate qualification in women's health. The DRCOG is particularly respected among primary care and community sexual and reproductive health clinicians. Studying towards this qualification is rewarding and fun, and as such the exam has become extremely popular over recent years. In addition, holding the DRCOG has proved to be a useful indicator by which employers can differentiate excellent clinicians from the average ones. It certainly is the cherry on the cake of General Practice training, and complements the RCGP curriculum. Mastering the DRCOG is organised to directly reflect and fulfil the DRCOG syllabus set by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in April 2007, and chapters are laid out precisely following the DRCOG syllabus format. Starting with an overall introduction to the exam, the book then covers the seven core modules of the syllabus: Basic Clinical Skills, Basic Surgical Skills, Antenatal Care, Management of Labour and Delivery, Postpartum and Neonatal Problems, Gynaecological Problems and Subfertility & Contraception. This is followed by a section of 'hot topics' not specifically mentioned in the syllabus but of real interest for all those working in the area of women's health. Hot topics include the menopause and its management, abuse of women (rape, female genital mutilation, prostitution, pornography), and ethical issues such as fetal sex selection & eugenics, egg donation, breast augmentation surgery, and surrogate motherhood. Mastering the DRCOG is written in a clear and straight-forward style and is illustrated throughout. Written by a newly qualified General Practitioner fresh from the exam hall, and edited by two highly experienced Consultants, one in Obstetrics & Gynaecology, the other in Community Sexual & Reproductive Health, "Mastering the DRCOG" is a fantastic resource for anyone preparing f

This books' coverage ranges from incidence, diagnosis, investigation, drug treatments, non-motor features of Parkinson's Disease, assessment scales and surgical intervention, to the role of nurses, physio- and occupational therapists, speech/language pathologists, dieticians, and to the use of complementary medicine.

Infections remain the leading cause of death worldwide and as new antibiotics are developed, organisms develop mechanisms of resistance. Successful treatment of skin infections relies on accurate and swift diagnosis, and visual inspection remains the most important means to that end. This book provides a pictorial guide to the diagnosis of common bacterial, fungal, and viral skin infections, as well as of arthropods of medical importance. The text is divided into chapters by class of organism, and in each chapter by clinical entity. It will be of lasting value to dermatologists and general physicians in practice and training.

A host of imaging techniques are available to clinical cardiologists, including nuclear imaging, echocardiography, computerized tomography, and magnetic-resonance imaging. Chamber size, ventricular function, valvular function, coronary anatomy, and myocardial perfusion are among a wide array of cardiac characteristics that can all be assessed noninvasively. Cardiovascular Imaging systematically reviews each of these major techniques and provides clinical data from well-designed research studies. Following a brief overview of non-invasive cardiac imaging and the stress modalities used to detect coronary disease, case-based chapters are devoted to each of the various imaging techniques. The final chapter provides a glimpse of future possibilities, particularly with respect to molecular imaging. The text is illustrated throughout with amply-sized images. Demonstrating the values and limitations of the imaging techniques, the book enables practitioners to determine which test, in which patient population, and for which purpose would be the most appropriate to use.

Learn how to strengthen your immune system, for life. Our immune system is our body's fortress - without it, we would be vulnerable to all sorts of infections and diseases. Yet misinformation about how to boost the immune system is everywhere. In Immune, Dr Servaas Binge breaks through those myths, translating the latest scientific findings on immunity into clear advice with which you can optimise your lifestyle. Using no-nonsense language with a touch of humour and lots of creative thinking, Binge takes us on a fascinating journey through our immune system. He explains how we become ill and how best to protect against it, providing superb guidance for the most important thing you can do - stay healthy.

In the past decade, evidence based practice (EBP) has emerged as one of the most important movements to improve the effectiveness of clinical care. As the number of older adults continues to grow, it is essential that practitioners have knowledge of effective strategies to improve both the medical and the psychosocial aspects of older persons' lives. The purpose of this work is to present systematic reviews of research-based psychosocial interventions for older adults and their caregivers.

The interventions presented focus on a variety of critical issues facing older adults today including medical illnesses (cardiac disease, diabetes, arthritis/pain, cancer, and HIV/AIDS), mental health/cognitive disorders (depression/anxiety, dementia, substance abuse), and social functioning (developmental disabilities, end-of-life, dementia caregivers, grandparent caregivers). For each of these areas the prevalence of the problem, the demographics of those affected, and the nature and consequences of the problem are discussed. The empirical literature is then reviewed. A treatment summary highlights the type and nature of research supporting the interventions reviewed and is followed by a conclusion section that summarizes the status of intervention research for the specified issue. A Treatment Resource Appendix for each area is included. These appendices highlight manuals, books, articles and web resources that detail the treatment approaches and methodologies discussed.

This book was previously published as a special issue of the Journal of Gerontological Social Work.

Testing the immunogenicity, protective efficacy and safety in animal models is a crucial step in vaccine development. Pigs raised in germ-free environments, called gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs, are one of the most useful animal models for testing vaccines. The Gn pig model is a widely accepted model for studying pathogenesis and immunity and an ideal model for pre-clinical testing for the safety and efficacy of enteric viral vaccines. Through these studies and others, the Gn pig model has been established as the most reliable animal model for pre-clinical evaluation of human rotavirus and norovirus vaccines. This book provides detailed information on establishing Gn pig models, determining a proper virus inoculum pool and challenge dose, measuring protection and calculating efficacy, and delineating intestinal and systemic immune responses associated with the protection. Key Features Provides a natural history of human rotavirus and norovirus infection in Gn pigs Establishes the optimal virus challenge doses in Gn pigs for vaccine evaluation Evaluates various candidate rotavirus and norovirus vaccines Discusses human gut microbiota transplanted Gn pig models Documents the role of probiotics and rice bran as prophylactics and vaccine adjuvants

Soft tissue tumours are extremely common although difficult to understand due to a large number of sub-types, leading to a significant increase in their imaging in the last decade. This highly illustrated practical book provides a simplified, systematic approach to imaging, reporting and diagnosing these tumours. It covers all the modalities with emphasis on ultrasound and MRI, along with the newer techniques in these modalities. This concise guide to soft tissue lesions, will help clinicians to quickly understand the spectrum of tumours and identify the appropriate imaging techniques to best serve their patients. Key Features: * Provides guidance by international experts on various types of soft tissue tumours (benign, malignant and tumour mimics), their relevant imaging features to help suggest specific or differential diagnosis and when to biopsy and when to refer to specialist centres. * Proves to be an excellent resource for general and specialist radiologists, radiology trainees, sonographers, sarcoma surgeons and oncologists for day-to-day reporting. * Discusses the importance of proper imaging and biopsy of tumors and the implications of unplanned excisions in sarcoma.

Foreword by Philippa Perry

‘Based on groundbreaking research that has the power to change the lives of countless children - and the adults who love them.’ – Susan Cain, New York Times bestselling author of Quiet'

A necessary and important book.' - Philippa Perry, Sunday Times bestselling author of The Book You Wish Your Parents Had Read

Are you a hardy and resilient dandelion, or are you a more sensitive and fragile orchid?

Building on the definitions of introvert, extrovert or highly sensitive, The Orchid and the Dandelion exposes – for the first time – how a combination of environmental and genetic factors contribute to what makes us who we are. This breakthrough research explains why some people struggle where others succeed, why happiness comes so easily to some while frustrations weigh more heavily on others.

In The Orchid and the Dandelion, Dr W. Thomas Boyce – one of the world’s foremost researchers in the field of pediatric health – presents findings that children have two very different responses to their environments. While some children are like dandelions and can thrive in almost any environment, there are others who, like orchids, are much more reactive and susceptible to their surroundings. Now we finally have a scientific framework to understand people and how to address their unique needs to help them find their fullest potential.

This groundbreaking book draws on extensive research into genetics and the exploding field of epigenetics, examples and real stories that will re-frame how we think about orchid and dandelion children – and the adults those children have become. By understanding which of us are, genetically and environmentally speaking, the orchids of this world, Dr Boyce explains how to care for and parent our children – the true orchids. He shows how we can help them thrive by sharing insights and lessons from his thirty years of research in the field.

Epidemiological studies show that cancer incidence is far more dependent on the conditions of life than previously supposed. Classically, cancers occurred with heavy exposure to a specific occupational hazard, or were associated with habits. In some instances, research shows, the incidence of cancer falls when the method of work or the associated habit is changed. In short, variation in incidence is now known to be the rule rather than the exception in cancer. No cancer that occurs with even moderate frequency, occurs everywhere and always to the same extent. Sometimes it is even epidemic, similar in scale to an epidemic of infectious disease, but modified by the fact that the induction period may be as much as thirty years.

Prevention of cancer is now coming to be regarded as a practicable alternative to its cure. We remain almost totally ignorant of how cancer is produced at the cellular level and, until we know this, our methods of prevention are liable to be cumbersome and inefficient. Ethical considerations and the time scale of the disease make it impossible to obtain experimental evidence in man and what action to take has been determined from observing nature's experiments and by analogy from experiments in animals.

The evidence from epidemiological studies is of particular interest. Such studies suggest relationships that would never be thought of in the ordinary course of laboratory work and results that are directly relevant to the problems of human disease. The large numbers at risk and the intensity of the medical care to which people with cancer are subjected, make it possible to recognize relatively small improvements. Such practical decisions, based on information thus obtained, have largely eliminated the risk of cancer due to occupational hazards in several industries.

"Richard Doll" (1912-2005) was a British psychologist and one of the most prominent epidemiologists of the twentieth century. Throughout out his research he was able to link smoking with health problems and was the first individual to link smoking with lung cancer and increased risk of heart disease. He also studies the relationship between asbestos and lung cancer and radiation and leukemia. He is the author of many books, including "The Causes of Cancer: Quantitative Estimates of Avoidable Risks of Cancer in the United States Today" and "Tobacco and Health."

For decades, psychoanalysis has had a monopoly for the unconscious. In the 1980s, however, Cognitive Orientation began focus on consciousness, and that was followed by the boom of study of the unconscious. The unconscious has now been studied in the scope of several empirical settings, and under a variety of concepts implicit memory, implicit knowledge, procedural knowledge, semantic activation without conscious identification, and tacit knowledge.Talvitie and the contributors show how the psychoanalysts answer might be seen in terms of the cognitivists ones it has created an approach, through which phenomena found by psychoanalysts can be studied in the framework of cognitive neuroscience. The approach takes seriously both the clinical data gathered in the scope of clinical practice of psychoanalysis during the past 110 years, and the empirical and theoretical achievements of the present-day cognitive neuroscience and evolutionary theory."

* The volume provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on the overall psychological health of Indian citizens. * Highlights the stigma associated with mental illness, psychological wellbeing cognitive and emotional regulation in adults and children during the pandemic. * Will be of interest to students, teachers, and researchers of psychology, social psychology, mental health and wellness studies, and sociology across UK and US. It will also be useful for academicians, social workers, healthcare workers, psychologists, psychology professionals, mental health experts, and those interested to know about the impact of Covid-19 on mental health, illness, and human behaviour.

The classic edition of Rhythms of Recovery sheds light on rhythm, one of the most important components of our survival and well-being. It governs the patterns of our sleep and respiration and is profoundly tied to our relationships with friends and family. But what happens when these rhythms are disrupted by traumatic events? Can balance be restored, and if so, how? What insights do eastern, natural, and modern western healing traditions have to offer, and how can practitioners put these lessons to use? Is it possible to do this in a way that's culturally sensitive, multidisciplinary, and grounded in research? Rhythms of Recovery examines and answers these questions and provides clinicians with effective, time-tested tools for alleviating the destabilizing effects of traumatic events. It also explores integrative medicine, East/West medicine, herbal medicine, psychedelic medicine, complex trauma, yoga, and somatic and feminist therapies. For practitioners and students interested in integrating the insights of complementary/alternative medicine and 21st-century science, this deeply appealing book is an ideal guide.