Modelling Transitions shows what computational, formal and data-driven approaches can and could mean for sustainability transitions research, presenting the state-of-the-art and exploring what lies beyond. Featuring contributions from many well-known authors, this book presents the various benefits of modelling for transitions research. More than just taking stock, it also critically examines what modelling of transformative change means and could mean for transitions research and for other disciplines that study societal changes. This includes identifying a variety of approaches currently not part of the portfolios of transitions modellers. Far from only singing praise, critical methodological and philosophical introspection are key aspects of this important book. This book speaks to modellers and non-modellers alike who value the development of robust knowledge on transitions to sustainability, including colleagues in congenial fields. Be they students, researchers or practitioners, everyone interested in transitions should find this book relevant as reference, resource and guide.

This books aims to present fundamental aspects of optical communication techniques and advanced modulation techniques and extensive applications of optical communications systems and networks employing single-mode optical fibers as the transmission system. New digital techqniues such as chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, nonlinear phase distortion effects, etc. will be discussed. Practical models for practice and understanding the behavior and dynamics of the devices and systems will be included.

Smart Grid: Networking, Data Management, and Business Models delivers a comprehensive overview of smart grid communications, discussing the latest advances in the technology, the related cyber security issues, and the best ways to manage user demand and pricing. Comprised of 16 chapters authored by world-renowned experts, this book: Considers the use of cognitive radio and software-defined networking in the smart grid Explores the space of attacks in the energy management process, the need for a smart grid simulator, and the management issues that arise around smart cities Describes a real-time pricing scheme that aims to reduce the peak-to-average load ratio Explains how to realize low-carbon economies and the green smart grid through the pervasive management of demand Presents cutting-edge research on microgrids, electric vehicles, and energy trading in the smart grid Thus, Smart Grid: Networking, Data Management, and Business Models provides a valuable reference for utility operators, telecom operators, communications engineers, power engineers, electric vehicle original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), electric vehicle service providers, university professors, researchers, and students.

This classic reference work is a comprehensive guide to the design, evaluation, and use of reliable computer systems. It includes case studies of reliable systems from manufacturers, such as Tandem, Stratus, IBM, and Digital. It covers special systems such as the Galileo Orbiter fault protection system and AT&T telephone switching system processors.

Detailing the advantages and limitations of multi-carrier communication, this book proposes possible solutions for these limitations. Multi-Carrier Communication Systems with Examples in MATLAB (R): A New Perspective addresses the two primary drawbacks of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems: the high sensitivity to carrier frequency offsets and phase noise, and the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signals. Presenting a new interleaving scheme for multicarrier communication, the book starts with a detailed overview of multi-carrier systems such as OFDM, multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA), and single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems. From there, it proposes a new way to deal with the frequency-selective fading channel: the single-carrier with frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) scheme. The second part of the book examines the performance of the continuous phase modulation (CPM)-based OFDM (CPM-OFDM) system. It proposes a CPM-based single-carrier frequency domain equalization (CPM-SC-FDE) structure for broadband wireless communication systems. In the third part of the book, the author proposes a chaotic interleaving scheme for both CPM-OFDM and the CPM-SC-FDE systems. A comparison between the proposed chaotic interleaving and the conventional block interleaving is also performed in this part. The final part of the book presents efficient image transmission techniques over multi-carrier systems such as OFDM, MC-CDMA, and SC-FDMA. It details a new approach for efficient image transmission over OFDM and MC-CDMA systems using chaotic interleaving that transmits images over wireless channels efficiently. The book studies the performance of discrete cosine transform-based single-carrier frequency division multiple access (DCT-SC-FDMA) with image transmission. It also proposes a CPM-based DCT-SC-FDMA structure for efficient image transmission. The book includes MATLAB (R) simulations along with MATLAB code so you can practice carrying out your own extensive simulations.

This book describes a unique approach to bring robotic technology into elders' daily lives. Low cost components and low cost robotic assistants are effectively combined to offer high quality services to elders and people in need. The book presents in a comprehensive way how technology can be used for developing a new healthcare paradigm where high quality services are offered at home, thus reducing the ever-increasing hospitalization cost of the elders and the people with chronic diseases.

The richly illustrated Interactive Web-Based Data Visualization with R, plotly, and shiny focuses on the process of programming interactive web graphics for multidimensional data analysis. It is written for the data analyst who wants to leverage the capabilities of interactive web graphics without having to learn web programming. Through many R code examples, you will learn how to tap the extensive functionality of these tools to enhance the presentation and exploration of data. By mastering these concepts and tools, you will impress your colleagues with your ability to quickly generate more informative, engaging, and reproducible interactive graphics using free and open source software that you can share over email, export to pdf, and more. Key Features: Convert static ggplot2 graphics to an interactive web-based form Link, animate, and arrange multiple plots in standalone HTML from R Embed, modify, and respond to plotly graphics in a shiny app Learn best practices for visualizing continuous, discrete, and multivariate data Learn numerous ways to visualize geo-spatial data This book makes heavy use of plotly for graphical rendering, but you will also learn about other R packages that support different phases of a data science workflow, such as tidyr, dplyr, and tidyverse. Along the way, you will gain insight into best practices for visualization of high-dimensional data, statistical graphics, and graphical perception. The printed book is complemented by an interactive website where readers can view movies demonstrating the examples and interact with graphics.

This book introduces the FPGA technology used in the laboratory sessions, and provides a step-by-step guide for designing and simulation of digital circuits. It utilizes the VHDL language, which is one of the most common language used to describe the design of digital systems. The Quartus II, Xilinx ISE 14.7 and ModelSim software are used to process the VHDL code and make simulations, and then the Altera and Xilinx FPGA platforms are employed to implement the simulated digital designs. The book is composed of four parts. The first part of this book has two chapters and covers various aspects: FPGA architectures, ASIC vs FPGA comparison, FPGA design flow and basic VHDL concepts necessary to describe the design of digital systems. The second part of the book includes three chapters that deal with the design of digital circuits such as combinational logic circuits, sequential logic circuits and finite state machines. The third part of the book is reserved for laboratory projects carried out on the FPGA platform. It is a largely hands-on lab class for design digital circuits and implementing their designs on the Altera FPGA platform. Finally, the fourth part of this work is devoted to recent applications carried out on FPGAs, in particular advanced techniques in renewable energy systems. The book is primarily intended for students, scholars, and industrial practitioners interested in the design of modern digital systems.

A Thorough Overview of the Next Generation in Computing Poised to follow in the footsteps of the Internet, grid computing is on the verge of becoming more robust and accessible to the public in the near future. Focusing on this novel, yet already powerful, technology, Introduction to Grid Computing explores state-of-the-art grid projects, core grid technologies, and applications of the grid. After comparing the grid with other distributed systems, the book covers two important aspects of a grid system: scheduling of jobs and resource discovery and monitoring in grid. It then discusses existing and emerging security technologies, such as WS-Security and OGSA security, as well as the functions of grid middleware at a conceptual level. The authors also describe famous grid projects, demonstrate the pricing of European options through the use of the Monte Carlo method on grids, and highlight different parallelization possibilities on the grid. Taking a tutorial approach, this concise book provides a complete introduction to the components of the grid architecture and applications of grid computing. It expertly shows how grid computing can be used in various areas, from computational mechanics to risk management in financial institutions.

Based upon the authors' experience in designing and deploying an embedded Linux system with a variety of applications, Embedded Linux System Design and Development contains a full embedded Linux system development roadmap for systems architects and software programmers. Explaining the issues that arise out of the use of Linux in embedded systems, the book facilitates movement to embedded Linux from traditional real-time operating systems, and describes the system design model containing embedded Linux. This book delivers practical solutions for writing, debugging, and profiling applications and drivers in embedded Linux, and for understanding Linux BSP architecture. It enables you to understand: various drivers such as serial, I2C and USB gadgets; uClinux architecture and its programming model; and the embedded Linux graphics subsystem. The text also promotes learning of methods to reduce system boot time, optimize memory and storage, and find memory leaks and corruption in applications. This volume benefits IT managers in planning to choose an embedded Linux distribution and in creating a roadmap for OS transition. It also describes the application of the Linux licensing model in commercial products.

The popularity of serial communications demands that additional serial port interfaces be developed to meet the expanding requirements of users. The Windows Serial Port Programming Handbook illustrates the principles and methods of developing various serial port interfaces using multiple languages. This comprehensive, hands-on, and practical guide to serial interface programming enables you to develop sophisticated interfaces and apply them in real-world applications. Each chapter addresses a language and how it can be applied in the development of serial port interfaces. The seven languages discussed are: ANSI C Visual C++ Visual Basic LabVIEW MATLAB Smalltalk Java Step by step and line by line, the Handbook clearly explains the interfacing techniques used for each different language in the serial port communication. Examples from actual systems have been compiled and debugged, with detailed source code for each included on an accompanying CD-ROM.

Scalable and Secure Internet Services and Architecture provides an in-depth analysis of many key scaling technologies. Topics include: server clusters and load balancing; QoS-aware resource management; server capacity planning; Web caching and prefetching; P2P overlay network; mobile code and security; and mobility support for adaptive grid computing. The author discusses each topic by first defining a problem, then reviewing current representative approaches for solving it. He then describes in detail the underlying principles of the technologies and the application of these principles, along with balanced coverage of concepts and engineering trade-offs. The book demonstrates the effectiveness of the technologies via rigorous mathematical modeling and analysis, simulation, and practical implementations. It blends technologies in a unified framework for scalable and secure Internet services, delivering a systematic treatment based upon the author's cutting-edge research experience. This volume describes in breadth and depth advanced scaling technologies that support media streaming, e-commerce, grid computing, personalized content delivery, distributed file sharing, network management, and other Internet applications.

Computer systems have become an important element of the world economy, with billions of dollars spent each year on development, manufacture, operation, and maintenance. Combining coverage of computer system reliability, safety, usability, and other related topics into a single volume, Computer System Reliability: Safety and Usability eliminates the need to consult many different and diverse sources in the hunt for the information required to design better computer systems. After presenting introductory aspects of computer system reliability such as safety, usability-related facts and figures, terms and definitions, and sources for obtaining useful information on computer system reliability, safety, and usability, the book: Reviews mathematical concepts considered useful to understanding subsequent chapters Presents various introductory aspects of reliability, safety, and usability and computer system reliability basics Covers software reliability assessment and improvement methods Discusses important aspects of software quality and human error and software bugs in computer systems Highlights software safety and Internet reliability Details important aspects of software usability including the need for considering usability during the software development phase, software usability engineering process, software usability inspection methods, software usability test methods, and guidelines for conducting software usability testing Elucidates web usability facts and figures, common design errors, web page design, tools for evaluating web usability, and questions to evaluate website message communication effectiveness Examines important aspects of computer system life cycle costing Written by systems reliability expert B.S. Dhillon, the book is accessible to all levels of readership, making it useful to beginners and seasoned professiona

Describing how to avoid common vendor traps, Buying, Supporting, Maintaining Software and Equipment: An IT Manager's Guide to Controlling the Product Lifecycle will help readers better control the negotiation of their IT products and services and, ultimately, better manage the lifecycle of those purchases. The book supplies an inside look at the methods and goals of vendors and their contracts-which are almost always in conflict with end-user goals. The text is set up to follow the way most people experience technology products and contracting decisions. It begins by explaining the significance of the decisions made at the time of product selection. It details what you need to focus on when negotiating service and support agreements and describes how to use purchase orders to negotiate more favorable agreements. Covers product acquisition, support, and maintenance Examines hardware and software warranty and support models Considers finance and accounting issues for maintenance and support Spells out technology product details Explains postwarranty support and maintenance Provides the understanding to better negotiate with vendor sales teams Illustrating the types of problems typically experienced during product use, the book describes how to better control the useful life of your equipment. It supplies tips on how to avoid excessive charges from predatory vendors and concludes by delving into issues of product end of life. Explaining how to manage support and maintenance issues for the long term, this book provides the understanding you need to make sure you are more knowledgeable about the products and services your organization needs than the vendor teams with whom you are negotiating.

This book presents as formal papers nearly all of the lectures given at the NATO advanced summer institute on Computer Architecture held at St. Raphael, France from September 12th - 24th 1976. It was not possible to include an important paper by G. Amdahl on the 470V6 System, nor papers by Mde. A. Recoque on distributed processing, Messrs. A. Maison and G. Debruyne on LSI technology, and K. Bowden. Computer architecture is a very diverse and expanding subject, consequently it was decided to limit the scope of the School to five main subject areas. These were: specific computer architectures, language orientated machines, associative processing, computer networks and specification and design methods. In addition an overall emphasis was placed on distributed and parallel processing and the need for an integrated hardware-software approach to design. Though some introductory material is included, this book is primarily intended for workers in the field of computer science and engineering who wish to update themselves on current topics in computer architecture. The main work of the School is well reflected in the collected papers, but it is impossible to convey the benefits obtained from the discussion groups and the continuous dialogue that was maintained throughout the School. The Editors would like to acknowledge with thanks the support of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, who financed the School, and the European Research Office of the U.S. Army and the National Science Foundation for providing travel grants.

If you look around you will find that all computer systems, from your portable devices to the strongest supercomputers, are heterogeneous in nature. The most obvious heterogeneity is the existence of computing nodes of different capabilities (e.g. multicore, GPUs, FPGAs, ...). But there are also other heterogeneity factors that exist in computing systems, like the memory system components, interconnection, etc. The main reason for these different types of heterogeneity is to have good performance with power efficiency. Heterogeneous computing results in both challenges and opportunities. This book discusses both. It shows that we need to deal with these challenges at all levels of the computing stack: from algorithms all the way to process technology. We discuss the topic of heterogeneous computing from different angles: hardware challenges, current hardware state-of-the-art, software issues, how to make the best use of the current heterogeneous systems, and what lies ahead. The aim of this book is to introduce the big picture of heterogeneous computing. Whether you are a hardware designer or a software developer, you need to know how the pieces of the puzzle fit together. The main goal is to bring researchers and engineers to the forefront of the research frontier in the new era that started a few years ago and is expected to continue for decades. We believe that academics, researchers, practitioners, and students will benefit from this book and will be prepared to tackle the big wave of heterogeneous computing that is here to stay.

If you look around you will find that all computer systems, from your portable devices to the strongest supercomputers, are heterogeneous in nature. The most obvious heterogeneity is the existence of computing nodes of different capabilities (e.g. multicore, GPUs, FPGAs, ...). But there are also other heterogeneity factors that exist in computing systems, like the memory system components, interconnection, etc. The main reason for these different types of heterogeneity is to have good performance with power efficiency. Heterogeneous computing results in both challenges and opportunities. This book discusses both. It shows that we need to deal with these challenges at all levels of the computing stack: from algorithms all the way to process technology. We discuss the topic of heterogeneous computing from different angles: hardware challenges, current hardware state-of-the-art, software issues, how to make the best use of the current heterogeneous systems, and what lies ahead. The aim of this book is to introduce the big picture of heterogeneous computing. Whether you are a hardware designer or a software developer, you need to know how the pieces of the puzzle fit together. The main goal is to bring researchers and engineers to the forefront of the research frontier in the new era that started a few years ago and is expected to continue for decades. We believe that academics, researchers, practitioners, and students will benefit from this book and will be prepared to tackle the big wave of heterogeneous computing that is here to stay.

Structured Computer Organization, specifically written for undergraduate students, is a best-selling guide that provides an accessible introduction to computer hardware and architecture. This text will also serve as a useful resource for all computer professionals and engineers who need an overview or introduction to computer architecture. This book takes a modern structured, layered approach to understanding computer systems. It's highly accessible - and it's been thoroughly updated to reflect today's most critical new technologies and the latest developments in computer organization and architecture. Tanenbaum's renowned writing style and painstaking research make this one of the most accessible and accurate books available, maintaining the author's popular method of presenting a computer as a series of layers, each one built upon the ones below it, and understandable as a separate entity.

This book covers several futuristic computing technologies like quantum computing, quantum-dot cellular automata, DNA computing, and optical computing. In turn, it explains them using examples and tutorials on a CAD tool that can help beginners get a head start in QCA layout design. It discusses research on the design of circuits in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) with the objectives of obtaining low-complexity, robust designs for various arithmetic operations. The book also investigates the systematic reduction of majority logic in the realization of multi-bit adders, dividers, ALUs, and memory.

The increasing adoption of Business Process Management (BPM) has inspired pioneering software architects and developers to effectively leverage BPM-based software and process-centric architecture (PCA) to create software systems that enable essential business processes. Reflecting this emerging trend and evolving field, Process-Centric Architecture for Enterprise Software Systems provides a complete and accessible introduction explaining this architecture. The text presents, in detail, the analysis and design principles used in process-centric architecture. Illustrative examples demonstrate how to architect and design enterprise systems based on the business processes central to your organization. It covers the architectural aspects of business process management, the evolution of IT systems in enterprises, the importance of a business process focus, the role of workflows, business rules, enterprise application integration, and business process modeling languages such as WS-BPEL and BPML. It also investigates: Fundamental concepts of process-centric architecture style The PCA approach to architecting enterprise IT systems Business process driven applications and integration Two case studies that illustrate how to architect and design enterprise applications based on PCA SOA in the context of process-centric architecture Standards, technologies, and infrastructure behind PCA Explaining how to architect enterprise systems using a BPMS technology platform, J2EE components, and Web services, this forward-looking book will empower you to create systems centered on business processes and make today's enterprise processes successful and agile.

This book explains in layman's terms how CMOS transistors work. The author explains step-by-step how CMOS transistors are built, along with an explanation of the purpose of each process step. He describes for readers the key inventions and developments in science and engineering that overcame huge obstacles, enabling engineers to shrink transistor area by over 1 million fold and build billions of transistor switches that switch over a billion times a second, all on a piece of silicon smaller than a thumbnail.

Originally published in 1995, Large Deviations for Performance Analysis consists of two synergistic parts. The first half develops the theory of large deviations from the beginning, through recent results on the theory for processes with boundaries, keeping to a very narrow path: continuous-time, discrete-state processes. By developing only what is needed for the applications, the theory is kept to a manageable level, both in terms of length and in terms of difficulty. Within its scope, the treatment is detailed, comprehensive and self-contained. As the book shows, there are sufficiently many interesting applications of jump Markov processes to warrant a special treatment. The second half is a collection of applications developed at Bell Laboratories. The applications cover large areas of the theory of communication networks: circuit switched transmission, packet transmission, multiple access channels, and the M/M/1 queue. Aspects of parallel computation are covered as well including, basics of job allocation, rollback-based parallel simulation, assorted priority queueing models that might be used in performance models of various computer architectures, and asymptotic coupling of processors. These applications are thoroughly analysed using the tools developed in the first half of the book.

This book analyzes the challenges in verifying Dynamically Reconfigurable Systems (DRS) with respect to the user design and the physical implementation of such systems. The authors describe the use of a simulation-only layer to emulate the behavior of target FPGAs and accurately model the characteristic features of reconfiguration. Readers are enabled with this simulation-only layer to maintain verification productivity by abstracting away the physical details of the FPGA fabric. Two implementations of the simulation-only layer are included: Extended ReChannel is a SystemC library that can be used to check DRS designs at a high level; ReSim is a library to support RTL simulation of a DRS reconfiguring both its logic and state. Through a number of case studies, the authors demonstrate how their approach integrates seamlessly with existing, mainstream DRS design flows and with well-established verification methodologies such as top-down modeling and coverage-driven verification.
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Following in the tradition of its popular predecessor, A Practical Guide to Content Delivery Networks, Second Edition offers an accessible and organized approach to implementing networks capable of handling the increasing data requirements of today's always on mobile society. Describing how content delivery networks (CDN) function, it provides an understanding of Web architecture, as well as an overview of the TCP/IP protocol suite. The book reports on the development of the technologies that have evolved over the past decade as distribution mechanisms for various types of Web content. Using a structural and visual approach, it provides step-by-step guidance through the process of setting up a scalable CDN. Supplies a clear understanding of the framework and individual layers of design, including caching and load balancing Describes the terminology, tactics, and potential problems when implementing a CDN Examines cost-effective ways to load balance web service layers Explains how application servers connect to databases and how systems will scale as volume increases Illustrates the impact of video on data storage and delivery, as well as the need for data compression Covers Flash and the emerging HTML5 standard for video Highlighting the advantages and disadvantages associated with these types of networks, the book explains how to use the networks within the Internet operated by various ISPs as mechanisms for effectively delivering Web server based information. It emphasizes a best-of-breed approach to building your network to allow for an effective CDN to be built on practically any budget. To help you get started, this vendor-neutral reference explains how to code Web pages to optimize the delivery of various types of media. It also includes examples of successful approaches, from outsourcing to do it yourself.

An introductory text to computer architecture, this comprehensive volume covers the concepts from logic gates to advanced computer architecture. It comes with a full spectrum of exercises and web-downloadable support materials, including assembler and simulator, which can be used in the context of different courses. The authors also make available a hardware description, which can be used in labs and assignments, for hands-on experimentation with an actual, simple processor.This unique compendium is a useful reference for undergraduates, graduates and professionals majoring in computer engineering, circuits and systems, software engineering, biomedical engineering and aerospace engineering.Related Link(s)