The four-volume set LNCS 7333-7336 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2012, held in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil, in June 2012. The four volumes contain papers presented in the following workshops: 7333 - advances in high performance algorithms and applications (AHPAA); bioinspired computing and applications (BIOCA); computational geometry and applicatons (CGA); chemistry and materials sciences and technologies (CMST); cities, technologies and planning (CTP); 7334 - econometrics and multidimensional evaluation in the urban environment (EMEUE); geographical analysis, urban modeling, spatial statistics (Geo-An-Mod); 7335 - optimization techniques and applications (OTA); mobile communications (MC); mobile-computing, sensind and actuation for cyber physical systems (MSA4CPS); remote sensing (RS); 7336 - software engineering processes and applications (SEPA); software quality (SQ); security and privacy in computational sciences (SPCS); soft computing and data engineering (SCDE). The topics of the fully refereed papers are structured according to the four major conference themes: 7333 - computational methods, algorithms and scientific application; 7334 - geometric modelling, graphics and visualization; 7335 - information systems and technologies; 7336 - high performance computing and networks.

Presents new mathematical and computational models as well as statistical methods for the solution of fundamental problems in the biosciences.

Describes how to find regularities among empirical data, as well as conceptual models and theories.

This concise text on geometry with computer modeling presents some elementary methods for analytical modeling and visualization of curves and surfaces. The author systematically examines such powerful tools as 2-D and 3-D animation of geometric images, transformations, shadows, and colors, and then further studies more complex problems in differential geometry. Well-illustrated with more than 350 figures---reproducible using Maple programs in the book---the work is devoted to three main areas: curves, surfaces, and polyhedra. Pedagogical benefits can be found in the large number of Maple programs, some of which are analogous to C++ programs, including those for splines and fractals. To avoid tedious typing, readers will be able to download many of the programs from the Birkhauser web site. Aimed at a broad audience of students, instructors of mathematics, computer scientists, and engineers who have knowledge of analytical geometry, i.e., method of coordinates, this text will be an excellent classroom resource or self-study reference. With over 100 stimulating exercises, problems and solutions, {\it Geometry of Curves and Surfaces with Maple} will integrate traditional differential and non- Euclidean geometries with more current computer algebra systems in a practical and user-friendly format.

Object-oriented concepts are particularly applicable to computer graphics in its broadest sense, including interaction, image synthesis, animation, and computer-aided design. The use of object-oriented techniques in computer graphics is a widely acknowledged way of dealing with the complexities encountered in graphics systems. But the field of object-oriented graphics (OOG) is still young and full of problems. This book reports on latest advances in this field and discusses how the discipline of OOG is being explored and developed. The topics covered include object-oriented constraint programming, object-oriented modeling of graphics applications to handle complexity, object-oriented techniques for developing user interfaces, and 3D modeling and rendering.

Although synthetic environments were traditionally used in military settings for mission rehearsal and simulations, their use is rapidly spreading to a variety of applications in the commercial, research and industrial sectors, such as flight training for commercial aircraft, city planning, car safety research in real-time traffic simulations, and video games. 3D Synthetic Environment Reconstruction contains seven invited chapters from leading experts in the field, bringing together a coherent body of recent knowledge relating 3D geospatial data collection, design issues, and techniques used in synthetic environments design, implementation and interoperability. In particular, this book describes new techniques for the generation of Synthetic Environments with increased resolution and rich attribution, both essential for accurate modeling and simulation. This book also deals with interoperability of models and simulations, which is necessary for facilitating the reuse of modeling and simulation components. 3D Synthetic Environment Reconstruction is an excellent reference for researchers and practitioners in the field.

I have long had an interest in the life sciences, but have had few opportunities to indulge that interest in my professional activities. It has only been through simulation that those opportunities have arisen. Some of my most enjoyable classes were those I taught to students in the life sciences, where I attempted to show them the value of simulation to their discipline. That there is such a value cannot be questioned. Whether you are interested in population ecology, phar macokinetics, the cardiovascular system, or cell interaction, simulation can play a vital role in explaining the underlying processes and in enhancing our understanding of these processes. This book comprises an excellent collection of contributions, and clearly demonstrates the value of simulation in the particular areas of physiology and bioengineering. My main frustration when teaching these classes to people with little or no computer background was the lack of suitable simulation software. This di rectly inspired my own attempts at producing software usable by the computer novice. It is especially nice that software is available that enables readers to experience the examples in this book for themselves. I would like to congratulate and thank the editors, Rogier P. van Wijk van Brievingh and Dietmar P. P. Moller, for all of their excellent efforts. They should be proud of their achievement. This is the sixth volume in the Advances in Simulation series, and other volumes are in preparation."

Keith M. Ponting Speech Research Unit, DERA Malvern St. Andrew's Road, Great Malvern, Worcs. WR14 3PS, UK email: ponting

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Motion in Games, held in Edinburgh, UK, in November 2011. The 30 revised full papers presented together with 8 revised poster papers in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on character animation, motion synthesis, physically-based character motion, behavior animation, animation systems, crowd simulation, as well as path planning and navigation.

Historians have different views on the core identity of analogue computing. Some portray the technology solely as a precursor to digital computing, whereas others stress that analogue applications existed well after 1940. Even within contemporary sources, there is a spectrum of understanding around what constitutes analogue computing. To understand the relationship between analogue and digital computing, and what this means for users today, the history must consider how the technology is used. Technology for Modelling investigates the technologies, the concepts, and the applications of analogue computing. The text asserts that analogue computing must be thought of as not just a computing technology, but also as a modelling technology, demonstrating how the history of analogue computing can be understood in terms of the parallel themes of calculation and modelling. The book also includes a number of detailed case studies of the technology's use and application. Topics and features: discusses the meaning of analogue computing and its significance in history, and describes the main differences between analogue and digital computing; provides a chronology of analogue computing, based upon the two major strands of calculation and modeling; examines the wider relationship between computing and modelling, and discusses how the theme of modelling fits within the history of analogue computing; describes how the history of analogue computing evolved through a number of stages of use; presents illustrative case studies on analogue modelling in academic research, oil reservoir modelling, aeronautical design, and meteorology. General readers and researchers in the field of history of computing - as well as history of science more generally - will find this book a fascinating insight into the historical use and evolution of technology. The volume provides a long-needed historical framework and context for these core computing technologies. Dr. Charles Care is a senior software engineer at BT and an Associate Fellow at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Warwick, UK.

In this book the author investigates the impact of demographic change on economic growth. As a result of the current financial crisis, a new view on economics has been demanded by various scientists. The author provides such a new view on economic growth, using a methodology of system dynamics. By applying this method, the author focuses on characteristics of complex systems and analyzes aging and shrinking processes, and not only positive growth. Delays and feedback processes are also considered. This leads to deeper and revealing insights into economic behavior. In doing so, a new semi-endogenous growth model is developed by introducing a specific and detailed population sector (demographic growth model). The book shows and analyzes the behavior of such a model and tests several policy scenarios in a transfer chapter to apply the new theoretical approach on real world problems. The major results are summarized in 15 principles of demographic growth.

Simulation, like a gem, is multi-faceted. Several subfields of simulation have emerged based on the characteristics of models used in a simulation study, on the nature and the generation characteristics of model behavior, also on the agent soch as a computer which generates model behavior. For example, one distinguishes: - deterministic simulation, stochastic simulation, stiff simulation based on functional rela- tionships of descriptive vuriables of models used; - combined simulation, continuous simulation, discrete simulation, process simulation, dis- crete event simulation, activity-scanning simulation based on characteristics of descrip- tive variables of modelS; variable topology simulation soch as moving boundary simulation, cellular simulation and fixed topology simulation soch as boundary-value simulation and network simulation (network flow simulation, Petri-net simulation, bond-graph simulation) based on spatial distribution of models; - simulation with fixed organization models (soch as simulation with hierarchical models) and simulation with variable organization models (i.e., autopoietic simulation) soch as metamorphic simulation, simulation with self-organizating models, simulation with self- learning models, evolutionary simulation based on orgCl"lization of component models; - state-maintaining simulation, behaviorally adaptive simulation, goal-seeking simulation, purposive simulation, purposeful simulation, ideal-seeking simulation based on goal(s) to be pursued by the model; - trajectory simulation, stroctural simulation, real-time simulation, predictive simulation, prescriptive simulation, intermittent simulation (such as regenerative simulation, opti- mizing simulation, gaming simulation, conferencing simulation, on-line simulation) based on nature md generation characteristics of model behavior; and - simulators such as aircraft simulator, earthquake simulator where physical analog can be

The three volume set LNCS 7062, LNCS 7063, and LNCS 7064 constitutes the proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, ICONIP 2011, held in Shanghai, China, in November 2011.
The 262 regular session papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions.
The papers of part I are organized in topical sections on perception, emotion and development, bioinformatics, biologically inspired vision and recognition, bio-medical data analysis, brain signal processing, brain-computer interfaces, brain-like systems, brain-realistic models for learning, memory and embodied cognition, Clifford algebraic neural networks, combining multiple learners, computational advances in bioinformatics, and computational-intelligent human computer interaction.
The second volume is structured in topical sections on cybersecurity and data mining workshop, data mining and knowledge doscovery, evolutionary design and optimisation, graphical models, human-originated data analysis and implementation, information retrieval, integrating multiple nature-inspired approaches, Kernel methods and support vector machines, and learning and memory.
The third volume contains all the contributions connected with multi-agent systems, natural language processing and intelligent Web information processing, neural encoding and decoding, neural network models, neuromorphic hardware and implementations, object recognition, visual perception modelling, and advances in computational intelligence methods based pattern recognition.

Numerical Geometry of Images examines computational methods and algorithms in image processing. It explores applications like shape from shading, color-image enhancement and segmentation, edge integration, offset curve computation, symmetry axis computation, path planning, minimal geodesic computation, and invariant signature calculation. In addition, it describes and utilizes tools from mathematical morphology, differential geometry, numerical analysis, and calculus of variations. Graduate students, professionals, and researchers with interests in computational geometry, image processing, computer graphics, and algorithms will find this new text / reference an indispensable source of insight of instruction.

The image taken by a moving camera changes with time. These image motions contain information about the motion of the camera and about the shapes of the objects in the field of view. There are two main types of image motion, finite displacements and image velocities. Finite displacements are described by the point correspondences between two images of the same scene taken from different positions. Image velocities are the velocities of the points in the image as they move over the projection surface. Reconstruction is the task of obtaining from the image-motions information about the camera motion or about the shapes of objects in the field of view. In this book the theory underlying reconstruction is described. Reconstruction from image motion is the subject matter of two different sci entific disciplines, photogrammetry and computer vision. In photogrammetry the accuracy of reconstruction is emphasised; in computer vision the emphasis is on methods for obtaining information from images in real time in order to guide a mechanical device such as a robot arm or an automatic vehicle. This book arises from recent work carried out in computer vision. Computer vision is a young field but it is developing rapidly. The earliest papers on reconstruction in the computer vision literature date back only to the mid 1970s. As computer vision develops, the mathematical techniques applied to the analysis of recon struction become more appropriate and more powerful."

GPSS-FORTRAN is a simulator for the simulation of discrete, continuous, and combined models. Provides a reference for GPSS-FORTRAN Version 3 and illustrates the use of the lan- guage by numerous examples.

Mixed-Signal Layout Generation Concepts covers important physical-design issues that exist in contemporary analog and mixed-signal design flows. Due to the increasing pressure on time-to-market, the steep increase in chip fabrication costs, and the increasing design complexity, it becomes even more challenging to produce a first-time right IC layout. The fundamental issues in creating a layout are placement and routing. Although these coupled problems have been investigated for many decades, no satisfactory automated solution has emerged yet. Fortunately, supported by modern computing power and results of new research that further improve computation efficiency, significant steps forward have been taken.
Mixed-Signal Layout Generation Concepts brings together many principles and techniques required to successfully develop and implement layout generation tools to accommodate many mixed-signal layout generation needs. Not only does it provide a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art concepts, it also illustrates many concepts with intuitive examples and pseudo code. Altogether, it facilitates creation of insight in a vast and complex area.
For those who are new to the area of mixed-signal layout generation, this book provides an excellent introduction to advanced topics in this area. A practicing EDA researcher or tool developer might find this book a useful reference that combines classical and new principles. In addition, this book relates theories to each other and to pragmatic implementations. Finally, the designer, or layout artist, interested to have a thorough understanding of fundamental concepts in mixed-signal layout generation, can take advantage of the self-contained chapters in this book.

Introduction to Computational Modeling Using C and Open-Source Tools presents the fundamental principles of computational models from a computer science perspective. It explains how to implement these models using the C programming language. The software tools used in the book include the Gnu Scientific Library (GSL), which is a free software library of C functions, and the versatile, open-source GnuPlot for visualizing the data. All source files, shell scripts, and additional notes are located at ksuweb.kennesaw.edu/~jgarrido/comp_models. The book first presents an overview of problem solving and the introductory concepts, principles, and development of computational models before covering the programming principles of the C programming language. The author then applies programming principles and basic numerical techniques, such as polynomial evaluation, regression, and other numerical methods, to implement computational models. He also discusses more advanced concepts needed for modeling dynamical systems and explains how to generate numerical solutions. The book concludes with the modeling of linear optimization problems. Emphasizing analytical skill development and problem solving, this book helps you understand how to reason about and conceptualize the problems, generate mathematical formulations, and computationally visualize and solve the problems. It provides you with the foundation to understand more advanced scientific computing, including parallel computing using MPI, grid computing, and other techniques in high-performance computing.

This work gives a concise introduction to four important optimization techniques, presenting a range of applications drawn from electrical, manufacturing, mechanical, and systems engineering-such as the design of microstrip antennas, digital FIR filters, and fuzzy logic controllers. The book also contains the C programs used to implement the main techniques for those wishing to experiment with them.

These transactions publish research in computer-based methods of computational collective intelligence (CCI) and their applications in a wide range of fields such as the semantic Web, social networks and multiagent systems. TCCI strives to cover new methodological, theoretical, and practical aspects of CCI understood as the form of intelligence that emerges from the collaboration and competition of many individuals (artificial and/or natural). The application of multiple computational intelligence technologies such as fuzzy systems, evolutionary computation, neural systems, consensus theory, etc., aims to support human and other collective intelligence and to create new forms of CCI in natural and/or artificial systems. This ninth issue containsten carefully selected and thoroughly revised contributions.

This book constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the 9th European Performance Engineering Workshop, EPEW 2012, held in Munich, Germany, and the 28th UK Performance Engineering Workshop, UKPEW 2012, held in Edinburgh, UK, in July 2012. The 15 regular papers and one poster presentation paper presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics from classical performance modeling areas such as wireless network protocols and parallel execution of scientific codes to hot topics such as energy-aware computing to unexpected ventures into ranking professional tennis players. In addition to new case studies, the papers also present new techniques for dealing with the modeling challenges brought about by the increasing complexity and scale of systems today.

This book is based on a workshop entitled.: Model " Identification and Adap tive Control: From Windsurfing to Telecommunications" held in Sydney, Aus tralia, on December 16, 2000. The workshop was organized in honour of Pro fessor Brian (BDO) Anderson in recognition of his seminal contributions to systems science over the past 4 decades. . The chapters in the book have been written by colleagues, friends and stu dents of Brian Anderson. A central theme of the book is the inter relationship between identification and the use of models in real world applications. This theme has underpinned much of Brian Anderson's own contributions. The book reflects on these contributions as well as makirig important statements about possible future research directions. The subtitle of the book (From Windsurfing to Telecommunications) rec ognizes the fact that many common life experiences, such as those we en counter when learning to ride a windsurfer are models for design methods that can be used on real world advanced technological control problems. In deed, Brian Anderson extensively explored this link in his research work."

The operation of understanding is the fundamental methodical procedure of hermeneutics and is usually seen as contradiction to scientific explanation by the usage of mathematical models. Yet understanding is the basic way in which humans organize their everyday practice, namely by understanding other people and social situations. In this book the authors demonstrate how an integration of hermeneutical understanding and scientific explanation can be done via the construction of suited geometrical models with neural networks of processes of understanding. In this sense the authors develop some kind of mathematical hermeneutics. Connecting links for the integration of the two methodical poles are the developments of particular models of Artificial Intelligence (AI), which are able to perform certain tasks of understanding.

Advanced Modeling and Optimization of Manufacturing Processes presents a comprehensive review of the latest international research and development trends in the modeling and optimization of manufacturing processes, with a focus on machining. It uses examples of various manufacturing processes to demonstrate advanced modeling and optimization techniques. Both basic and advanced concepts are presented for various manufacturing processes, mathematical models, traditional and non-traditional optimization techniques, and real case studies. The results of the application of the proposed methods are also covered and the book highlights the most useful modeling and optimization strategies for achieving best process performance. In addition to covering the advanced modeling, optimization and environmental aspects of machining processes, Advanced Modeling and Optimization of Manufacturing Processes also covers the latest technological advances, including rapid prototyping and tooling, micromachining, and nano-finishing. Advanced Modeling and Optimization of Manufacturing Processes is written for designers and manufacturing engineers who are responsible for the technical aspects of product realization, as it presents new models and optimization techniques to make their work easier, more efficient, and more effective. It is also a useful text for practitioners, researchers, and advanced students in mechanical, industrial, and manufacturing engineering.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Principles and Practice in Multi-Agent Systems, PRIMA 2011, held in Wollongong, Australia, in November 2011.
The39 papers presented together with 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. They focus on practical aspects of multiagent systems and are organised in topical sections on coalitions and teamwork, learning, mechanisms and voting, modeling and simulation, negotiation and coalitions, optimization, sustainability, agent societies and frameworks, argumentation, and applications."