This volume contains proceedings of the Case Study Track, held at the 4th International Conference, ABZ 2014, in Toulouse, France, in June 2014. The 11 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. They use different formal techniques: B, ASM, Fiacre. They also propose different kinds of verification such as proof, model checking, test generation, run-time monitoring, and simulation.

The physics and dynamics of the atmosphere and atmosphere-ocean interactions provide the foundation of modern climate models, upon which our understanding of the chemistry and biology of ocean and land surface processes are built. Originally published in 2006, Frontiers of Climate Modeling captures developments in modeling the atmosphere, and their implications for our understanding of climate change, whether due to natural or anthropogenic causes. Emphasis is on elucidating how greenhouse gases and aerosols are altering the radiative forcing of the climate system and the sensitivity of the system to such perturbations. An expert team of authors address key aspects of the atmospheric greenhouse effect, clouds, aerosols, atmospheric radiative transfer, deep convection dynamics, large scale ocean dynamics, stratosphere-troposphere interactions, and coupled ocean-atmosphere model development. The book is an important reference for researchers and advanced students interested in the forces driving the climate system and how they are modeled by climate scientists.

Safety and Risk Modeling presents the latest theories and methods of safety and risk with an emphasis on safety and risk in modeling. It covers applications in several areas including transportations and security risk assessments, as well as applications related to current topics in safety and risk. Safety and Risk Modeling is a valuable resource for understanding the latest developments in both qualitative and quantitative methods of safety and risk analysis and their applications in operating environments. Each chapter has been written by active researchers or experienced practitioners to bridge the gap between theory and practice and to trigger new research challenges in safety and risk. Topics include: safety engineering, system maintenance, safety in design, failure analysis, and risk concept and modelling. Postgraduate students, researchers, and practitioners in many fields of engineering, operations research, management, and statistics will find Safety and Risk Modeling a state-of-the-art survey of reliability and quality in design and practice.

This book provides an insight in advanced methods and concepts for structural analysis and design against seismic loading. The book consists of 25 chapters dealing with a wide range of timely issues in contemporary Earthquake Engineering. In brief, the topics covered are: collapse assessment, record selection, effect of soil conditions, problems in seismic design, protection of monuments, earth dam structures and liquid containers, numerical methods, lifetime assessment, post-earthquake measures. A common ground of understanding is provided between the communities of Earth Sciences and Computational Mechanics towards mitigating seismic risk. The topic is of great social and scientific interest, due to the large number of scientists and practicing engineers currently working in the field and due to the great social and economic consequences of earthquakes.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Energy Efficient Data Centers, E(2)DC 2013, held in Berkeley, CA, USA, in May 2013; co-located with SIGCOMM e-Energy 2013. The 8 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on energy and workload measurement; energy management; simulators and control.

An apparently appropriate control scheme for PEM fuel cells may actually lead to an inoperable plant when it is connected to other unit operations in a process with recycle streams and energy integration. PEM Fuel Cells with Bio-Ethanol Processor Systems presents a control system design that provides basic regulation of the hydrogen production process with PEM fuel cells. It then goes on to construct a fault diagnosis system to improve plant safety above this control structure. PEM Fuel Cells with Bio-Ethanol Processor Systems is divided into two parts: the first covers fuel cells and the second discusses plants for hydrogen production from bio-ethanol to feed PEM fuel cells. Both parts give detailed analyses of modeling, simulation, advanced control, and fault diagnosis. They give an extensive, in-depth discussion of the problems that can occur in fuel cell systems and propose a way to control these systems through advanced control algorithms. A significant part of the book is also given over to computer-aided engineering software tools that can be used to evaluate the dynamic performance of the overall plant. PEM Fuel Cells with Bio-Ethanol Processor Systems is intended for use by researchers and advanced students on chemical, electrical-electronic and mechanical engineering courses in which dynamics and control are incorporated with the traditional steady-state coverage of flowsheet synthesis, engineering economics and optimization.

This SpringerBrief focuses on the use of egress models to assess the optimal strategy for total evacuation in high-rise buildings. It investigates occupant relocation and evacuation strategies involving the exit stairs, elevators, sky bridges and combinations thereof. Chapters review existing information on this topic and describe case study simulations of a multi-component exit strategy. This review provides the architectural design, regulatory and research communities with a thorough understanding of the current and emerging evacuation procedures and possible future options. A model case study simulates seven possible strategies for the total evacuation of two identical twin towers linked with two sky-bridges at different heights. The authors present the layout of the building and the available egress components including both vertical and horizontal egress components, namely stairs, occupant evacuation elevators (OEEs), service elevators, transfer floors and sky-bridges. The evacuation strategies employ a continuous spatial representation evacuation model (Pathfinder) and are cross-validated by a fine network model (STEPS). Assessment of Total Evacuation Systems for Tall Buildings is intended for practitioners as a tool for analyzing evacuation methods and efficient exit strategies. Researchers working in architecture and fire safety will also find the book valuable.

The problem of robotic and virtual interaction with physical objects has been the subject of research for many years in both the robotic manipulation and haptics communities. Both communities have focused much attention on human touch-based perception and manipulation, modelling contact between real or virtual hands and objects, or mechanism design. However, as a whole, these problems have not yet been addressed from a unified perspective. This edited book is the outcome of a well-attended workshop which brought together leading scholars from various branches of the robotics, virtual-reality, and human studies communities during the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. It covers some of the most challenging problems on the forefront of today's research on physical interaction with real and virtual objects, with special emphasis on modelling contacts between objects, grasp planning algorithms, haptic perception, and advanced design of hands, devices and interfaces.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Software Language Engineering, SLE 2012, held in Dresden, Germany, in September 2012. The 17 papers presented together with 2 tool demonstration papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 62 submissions. SLE's foremost mission is to encourage and organize communication between communities that have traditionally looked at software languages from different, more specialized, and yet complementary perspectives. SLE emphasizes the fundamental notion of languages as opposed to any realization in specific technical spaces.

Variational Regularization of 3D Data provides an introduction to variational methods for data modelling and its application in computer vision. In this book, the authors identify interpolation as an inverse problem that can be solved by Tikhonov regularization. The proposed solutions are generalizations of one-dimensional splines, applicable to n-dimensional data and the central idea is that these splines can be obtained by regularization theory using a trade-off between the fidelity of the data and smoothness properties. As a foundation, the authors present a comprehensive guide to the necessary fundamentals of functional analysis and variational calculus, as well as splines. The implementation and numerical experiments are illustrated using MATLAB (R). The book also includes the necessary theoretical background for approximation methods and some details of the computer implementation of the algorithms. A working knowledge of multivariable calculus and basic vector and matrix methods should serve as an adequate prerequisite.

This work presents a study of cache replacement strategies designed for static web content. Proxy servers can improve performance by caching static web content such as cascading style sheets, java script source files, and large files such as images. This topic is particularly important in wireless ad hoc networks, in which mobile devices act as proxy servers for a group of other mobile devices. Opening chapters present an introduction to web requests and the characteristics of web objects, web proxy servers and Squid, and artificial neural networks. This is followed by a comprehensive review of cache replacement strategies simulated against different performance metrics. The work then describes a novel approach to web proxy cache replacement that uses neural networks for decision making, evaluates its performance and decision structures, and examines its implementation in a real environment, namely, in the Squid proxy server.

This book constitutes revised selected papers from the following SEFM 2012 satellite events: InSuEdu, the First International Symposium on Innovation and Sustainability in Education; MokMaSD, the First International Symposium on Modelling and Knowledge Management for Sustainable Development and Open Cert, the 6th International Workshop on Foundations and Techniques for Open Source Software Certification, held in Thessaloniki, Greece, in October 2012. The total of 14 regular papers and 7 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 35 submissions. The papers cover the topics related to the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Open Source Software (OSS) as tools to foster and support Education, Innovation and Sustainability.

Energy consumption is of great interest to manufacturing companies. Beyond considering individual processes and machines, the perspective on process chains and factories as a whole holds major potentials for energy efficiency improvements. To exploit these potentials, dynamic interactions of different processes as well as auxiliary equipment (e.g. compressed air generation) need to be taken into account. In addition, planning and controlling manufacturing systems require balancing technical, economic and environmental objectives. Therefore, an innovative and comprehensive methodology - with a generic energy flow-oriented manufacturing simulation environment as a core element - is developed and embedded into a step-by-step application cycle. The concept is applied in its entirety to a wide range of case studies such as aluminium die casting, weaving mills, and printed circuit board assembly in order to demonstrate the broad applicability and the benefits that can be achieved.

The field of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has now taken centre stage in modern clinical practice. With ever changing technologies in the field of MIS, such as robotics, there is now the need to train the surgeon to the next degree. Training by simulation, whether virtual, hybrid, or real, allows the surgeon to rehearse, learn, improve or maintain their skills in a safe and stress free environment.

"Simulation Training in Laparoscopy and Robotic Surgery" gives a true insight into the latest educational and learning techniques for new technologies in surgery. Written by an international team of experts, this illustrated text provides advice on specialised team training, non technical skills and simulation.

"Simulation Training in Laparoscopy and Robotic Surgery" is an important training aide for surgeons and residents interested in developing skills in this field.

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Semiconductor heterostructure devices, such as Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs) and High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs), are among the fastest and most advanced high-frequency devices. The topic of this book is the physical modeling of modern submicron heterostructure devices. In particular, a detailed discussion of models and parameters for compound semiconductors is presented. Based on the comprehensive modeling more than 25 simulation examples for several different types of Si(Ge)-based, GaAs-based, InP-based, and GaN-based HEMTs and HBTs are shown in comparison with experimental data from state-of-the-art devices. Device-specific optimization potentials are discussed systematically. This book is of interest for device and circuit designers in semiconductor development and industry. It is strongly recommended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, for researchers in the field of electrical engineering and solid-state physics, for TCAD users and developers, and for researchers who are looking for practical application of their scientific work.

Fractal geometry allows the description of natural patterns and the establishment and testing of models of pattern formation. In particular, it is a tool for geoscientists. The aim of this volume is to give an overview of the applications of fractal geometry and the theory of dynamic systems in the geosciences. The state of the art is presented and the reader obtains an impression of the variety of fields for which fractal geometry is a useful tool and of the different methods of fractal geometry which can be applied. In addition to specific information about new applications of fractal geometry in structural geology, physics of the solid earth, and mineralogy, proposals and ideas about how fractal geometry can be applied in the reader's field of studies will be put forward.

This book constitutes thoroughly revised selected papers of the 5th International Conference on Numerical Analysis and ItsApplications, NAA 2012, held in Lozenetz, Bulgaria, in June 2012. The 65 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from various submissions. The papers cover a broad area of topics of interest such as numerical approximation and computational geometry; numerical linear algebra and numerical solution of transcendental equation; numerical methods for differential equations; numerical stochastics, numerical modeling; and high performance scientific computing."

Culture plays a crucial role in our lives. Depending on our cultural background, we judge on and react to everything that we encounter. Subtle differences in behavior can lead to misunderstandings or even culture shock. In a similar manner, virtual characters can be declined by certain user groups when showing culturally inappropriate behavior. But how can social aspects such as culture be integrated into the behavioral models of virtual characters? Birgit Endrass addresses this question by carrying out a hybrid approach that is based on theoretical background from the social sciences as well as a multimodal corpus analysis, and exemplified the approach for the German and Japanese cultures. For this purpose, different methods from artificial intelligence and multiagent systems are applied and simulated with a virtual character system.

The five-volume set LNCS 7971-7975 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2013, held in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in June 2013. The 248 revised papers presented in five tracks and 33 special sessions and workshops were carefully reviewed and selected. The 46 papers included in the five general tracks are organized in the following topical sections: computational methods, algorithms and scientific applications; high-performance computing and networks; geometric modeling, graphics and visualization; advanced and emerging applications; and information systems and technologies. The 202 papers presented in special sessions and workshops cover a wide range of topics in computational sciences ranging from computational science technologies to specific areas of computational sciences such as computer graphics and virtual reality.

The second Workshop on "Quality and Reliability of Large-Eddy Simulations", QLES2009, was held at the University of Pisa from September 9 to September 11, 2009. Its predecessor, QLES2007, was organized in 2007 in Leuven (Belgium). The focus of QLES2009 was on issues related to predicting, assessing and assuring the quality of LES. The main goal of QLES2009 was to enhance the knowledge on error sources and on their interaction in LES and to devise criteria for the prediction and optimization of simulation quality, by bringing together mathematicians, physicists and engineers and providing a platform specifically addressing these aspects for LES. Contributions were made by leading experts in the field. The present book contains the written contributions to QLES2009 and is divided into three parts, which reflect the main topics addressed at the workshop: (i) SGS modeling and discretization errors; (ii) Assessment and reduction of computational errors; (iii) Mathematical analysis and foundation for SGS modeling.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the two workshops held at the 14th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems, PRIMA 2011, held in Wollongong, Australia, in November. The workshops were, Workshop on Agent Based Simulation for a Sustainable Society (ABSSS 2011) and International Workshop on Multi-Agent Smart Computing (MASmart 2011). The 8 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from various submissions. The papers cover topics from agent based simulation for a sustainable society and on multi-agent smart computing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Quantum Interaction, QI 2012, held in Paris in June 2012. The 21 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. The papers cover various topics on quantum interaction.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Algorithmic Game Theory, SAGT 2013, held in Aachen, Germany, in October 2013. The 25 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 65 submissions. They cover various important aspects of algorithmic game theory, such as solution concepts in game theory, efficiency of equilibria and the price of anarchy, computational aspects of equilibria and game theoretical measures, repeated games and convergence of dynamics, evolution and learning in games, coordination and collective action, network games and graph-theoretic aspects of social networks, voting and social choice, as well as algorithmic mechanism design.

Polymer and cell dynamics play an important role in processes like tumor growth, metastasis, embryogenesis, immune reactions and regeneration. This volume based on an international workshop on numerical simulations of polymer and cell dynamics in Bad Honnef (Germany) in 2000 provides an overview of the relevant mathematical and numerical methods, their applications and limits. The contributions are from the fields of applied and numerical mathematics, scientific computing, theoretical physics, molecular biophysics, cell and molecular biology as well as chemical and biomedical engineering. The volume will be of interest to scientists and advanced undergraduates in the fields of biotechnology, biomedicine, applied mathematics, biomathematics, biophysics and bioinformatics."

Based on a NATO Advanced Study Institute held in 1993, this book addresses recent advances in automatic speech recognition and speech coding. The book contains contributions by many of the most outstanding researchers from the best laboratories worldwide in the field. The contributions have been grouped into five parts: on acoustic modeling; language modeling; speech processing, analysis and synthesis; speech coding; and vector quantization and neural nets. For each of these topics, some of the best-known researchers were invited to give a lecture. In addition to these lectures, the topics were complemented with discussions and presentations of the work of those attending. Altogether, the reader is given a wide perspective on recent advances in the field and will be able to see the trends for future work.