Provides the tools for the user to construct a contract in a logical format and draft the terms in language that both parties can easily understand and put into practice and the accompanying digital download reduces administration time in the office. The book has a number of functions: 1. As a starting point and framework for an agreement. 2. To compare and analyse other contracts you are working on. 3. As a background guide and training tool. 4. As a reference tool for websites and trade codes of practice. 5. The commentaries can be read as guides to the intended aims of a specific contract. 6. The checklist of clauses can be used to ensure you have covered important issues. 7. To achieve a clearer understanding of a transaction.

The development of private law across the common law world is typically portrayed as a series of incremental steps, each one delivered as a result of judges dealing with marginally different factual circumstances presented to them for determination. This is said to be the common law method. According to this process, change might be assumed to be gradual, almost imperceptible. If this were true, however, then even Darwinian-style evolution - which is subject to major change-inducing pressures, such as the death of the dinosaurs - would seem unlikely in the law, and radical and revolutionary paradigms shifts perhaps impossible. And yet the history of the common law is to the contrary. The legal landscape is littered with quite remarkable revolutionary and evolutionary changes in the shape of the common law. The essays in this volume explore some of the highlights in this fascinating revolutionary and evolutionary development of private law. The contributors expose the nature of the changes undergone and their significance for the future direction of travel. They identify the circumstances and the contexts which might have provided an impetus for these significant changes. The essays range across all areas of private law, including contract, tort, unjust enrichment and property. No area has been immune from development. That fact itself is unsurprising, but an extended examination of the particular circumstances and contexts which delivered some of private law's most important developments has its own special significance for what it might indicate about the shape, and the shaping, of private law regimes in the future.

The provisions of the French Civil Code governing the law of obligations have remained largely unchanged since 1804 and have served as the model for civil codes across the world. In 2016, the French Government effected major reforms of the provisions on the law of contract, the general regime of obligations and proof of obligations. This work explores in detail the most interesting new provisions on French contract law in a series of essays by French lawyers and comparative lawyers working on French law and other civil law systems. It will make these fundamental reforms accessible to an English-speaking audience.

This book presents, analyses and evaluates the Principles of Latin American Contract Law (PLACL), a recent set of provisions aiming at the harmonisation of contract law at a regional level. As such, the PLACL are the most recent exponent of the many proposals for transnational sets of 'principles of contract law' that were drafted or published over the past 20 years, either at the global or the regional level. These include the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, the Principles of European Contract Law, the (European) Draft Common Frame of Reference and the Principles of Asian Contract Law. The PLACL are the product of a working group comprising legal academics from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela. The 111 articles of the instrument deal with problems of general contract law, such as formation, interpretation and performance of contracts, as well as remedies for breach. The book aims to introduce the PLACL to an international audience by putting them in their historical and comparative context, including other transnational harmonisation measures and initiatives. The contributions are authored by drafters of the PLACL and contract law experts from Europe and Latin America.

This book analyses enrichment law and its development and underpinning in social culture within three geographical regions: the United States, western members of the European Union and the late Ottoman Empire. These regions correspond, though imperfectly, with three different legal traditions: the American, continental and Islamic traditions. The book argues that we should understand law as a mimetic artefact. In so doing, it explains how typical patterns and exemplary articulations of wrongful enrichment law capture and reiterate vocal cultural themes found in the respective regions. The book identifies remarkable affinities between poetic tendencies, structures and default dispositions of wrongful enrichment law and cultural world views. It offers bold accounts of each region's law and culture providing fertile grounds for external and comparative elucidations of the legal doctrine.

The development of the law of obligations across the common law world has been, and continues to be, a story of unity and divergence. Its common origins continue to exert a powerful stabilising influence, carried forward by a methodology that places heavy weight on the historical foundations of legal principles. Divergence is, however, produced by numerous factors, including national and international human rights instruments, local statutory regimes, civil law influences, regional harmonisation, local circumstances and values and different political and legal cultures. The essays in this collection explore the forces that produce divergence, the countervailing forces that generate cohesion and consistency in the common law of obligations, and the influence that the major common law jurisdictions continue to exert over one another in this area of law. The chapters in this book were originally presented at the Seventh Biennial Conference on the Law of Obligations held in Hong Kong in July 2014. A second collection, entitled Divergences in Private Law (ISBN: 9781782256601), will focus on particular departures from the common law mainstream and the causes and effects of those deviations.

Yasen Nikolov's book studies figures of law, which rarely have been a subject of attention in the last twenty years in Bulgaria. Today they appear before us as "lifebuoys" in time of crisis. Time, which is straining the normal and consistent development of social and economic relations. The book is divided into two parts, the first devoted to the figure of clausula rebus sic stantibus, the second - to vis major (force majeure) They appear to be very close, follow the same legal and economic logic, and this requires addressing them in a single work. Their role is to find that balance between performance and justice, which is most useful to the society as a whole.

The second edition of this highly recommended work addresses the interaction between conflict of laws, dispute resolution, electronic commerce and consumer contracts. In addition it identifies specific difficulties that conflicts lawyers and consumer lawyers encounter in electronic commerce and proposes original approaches to balance the conflict of interest between consumers' access to justice and business efficiency. The European Union has played a leading role in this area of law and its initiatives are fully explored. It pays particular attention to the most recent development in collective redress and alternative/online dispute resolution. By adopting multiple research methods, including a comparative study of the EU and US approach; historical analysis of protective conflict of laws; doctrinal analysis of legal provisions and economic analysis of law, it provides the most comprehensive examination of frameworks in cross-border consumer contracts.

The book covers selected works that I have written over the past few years. The discussed matter is diverse, but it is still in the field of private law. It is systematized in four parts, which are distributed to the following themes: contract settlement, art. 26, para. 2 of the Bulgarian Law of Obligations and Contracts and hardship. I sincerely hope that the book will be useful for academics and practitioners, for students and for all interested in the Bulgarian private law. It also has a special focus on dealing with comparative legal studies.

The collapse of the Rana Plaza in Bangladesh (2013) is one of many cases to invoke critical scrutiny and moral outrage regarding the conditions under which consumer goods sold on our markets are produced elsewhere. In spite of abiding moral concerns, these goods remain popular and consumers continue to buy them. Such transactions for goods made under deplorable production conditions are usually presumed to count as 'normal' market transactions, ie transactions that are recognized as valid consumer-contracts under the rules of contract law. Minimum Contract Justice challenges this presumption of normality. It explores the question of how theories of justice bear on such consumer contracts; how should a society treat a transaction for a good made under deplorable conditions elsewhere? This Book defends the position that a society that strives to be minimally just should not lend its power to enforce, support, or encourage transactions that are incompatible with the ability of others elsewhere to live decent human lives. As such, the book introduces a new perspective on the legal debate concerning deplorable production conditions that has settled around ideas of corporate responsibility, and the pursuit of international labour rights.

Spencer Bower: Reliance-Based Estoppel, previously titled Estoppel by Representation, is the highly regarded and long established textbook on the doctrines of reliance-based estoppel, by which a party is prevented from changing his position if he has induced another to rely on it such that the other will suffer by that change. Since the fourth edition in 2003 the House of Lords has decided two proprietary estoppel cases, Cobbe v Yeoman's Row Property Management Ltd and Thorner v Major, whose combined effect is identified as helping to define a criterion for a reliance-based estoppel founded on a representation, namely that the party estopped actually intends the estoppel raiser to act in reliance on the representation, or is reasonably understood to intend him so to act. Other developments in the doctrine of proprietary estoppel have required a complete revision of the related chapter, Chapter 12, in this edition. Thorner v Major confirms too the submission in the fourth edition that unequivocality is a requirement for any reliance-based estoppel founded on a representation. Other views expressed in the fourth edition are also noted to have been upheld, such as the recognition that an estoppel may be founded on a representation of law (Briggs v Gleeds), that a party may preclude itself from denying a proposition by contract as well as another's reliance (Peekay Intermark Ltd v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd and Springwell Navigation Corp v JP Morgan Chase Bank) and that an estoppel by deed binds by agreement or declaration under seal rather than by reason of reliance (Prime Sight Ltd v Lavarello). With the adjustment reflected in the change of title, and distinguishing the foundation of estoppels that bind by deed and by contract, the editors adopt Spencer Bower's unificatory project by the identification of the reliance-based estoppels as aspects of a single principle preventing a change of position that would be unfair by reason of responsibility for prejudicial reliance. From this follow the views: that reliance-based estoppels have common requirements of responsibility, causation and prejudice; that estoppel by representation of fact is, like the other reliance-based estoppels, a rule of law; that the result of estoppel by representation of fact may, accordingly, be mitigated on equitable grounds to avoid injustice; that the result of an estoppel by convention depends on whether its subject matter is factual, promissory or proprietary; that a reliance-based estoppel (other than a proprietary estoppel, which uniquely generates a cause of action) may be deployed to complete a cause of action where, absent the estoppel, a cause of action would not lie, unless it would unacceptably subvert a rule of law (in particular the doctrine of consideration); that an estoppel as to a right in or over property generates a discretionary remedy; and that the prohibition on the deployment of a promissory estoppel as a sword should be understood as an application of the defence of illegality, viz that an estoppel may not unacceptably subvert a statute or rule of law.

El Tratado de Derecho Administrativo del profesor venezolano Allan R. Brewer-Carias recoge, en seis volumenes, con una sistematizacion impecable, materialmente toda la extensa obra del autor en el campo del derecho administrativo escrita durante los ultimos cincuenta anos, desde que se inicio en la docencia y en la investigacion en la Universidad Central de Venezuela en 1963; siendo, la misma una muestra especifica del desarrollo del Derecho Administrativo Iberoamericano, que se produjo en paralelo con el desarrollo del derecho administrativo espanol contemporaneo, desde los tiempos de la fundacion de la Revista de Administracion Publica (1958). La obra, editada sin perdida de espacio, comprende todos los estudios del autor sobre la teoria del derecho administrativo, su objeto, sus supuestos fundamentales, y su encuadramiento constitucional (Tomo I); sobre la Administracion Publica, sus fundamentos, su organizacion, sus trasformaciones y sus problemas (Tomo II); sobre el regimen de la actividad administrativa, particularmente el regimen de los actos administrativos y de los contratos administrativos (Tomo III); sobre el regimen del procedimiento administrativo, con especial enfasis en su codificacion en el derecho comparado iberoamericano (Tomo IV); sobre el regimen de la accion administrativa, particularmente en cuanto a los poderes, potestades y relaciones con los administrados (Tomo V); y sobre el regimen del control jurisdiccional contencioso administrativo sobre la Administracion Publica y su actividad (Tomo VI). Cada Tomo, por tanto, tiene hasta cierto punto, su propia autonomia, de manera que este Tomo VI de 1.132 paginas, sobre "La jurisdiccion contencioso administrativa," incluye todos los estudios del autor sobre la justicia administrativa y su evolucion junto con la justicia constitucional en el marco del Estado de derecho; sobre el regimen general de la jurisdiccion contencioso administrativa y del control que ejerce sobre la actividad de la Administracion; sobre el regimen legal de dicha jurisdiccion; y sobre los diversos procesos contencioso administrativos incluyendo la accion de amparo contra los actos administrativos que se ejerce ante dicha Jurisdiccion."

Landmark Cases in the Law of Contract offers twelve original essays by leading contract scholars. As with the essays in the companion volumes in this series, each essay takes as its focus a particular leading case, and analyses that case in its historical or theoretical context. The cases range from the early eighteenth- to the late twentieth-centuries, and deal with an array of contractual doctrines. Some of the essays call for their case to be stripped of its landmark status, whilst others argue that it has more to offer than we have previously appreciated. The particular historical context of these landmark cases, as revealed by the authors, often shows that our current assumptions about the case and what it stands for are either mistaken, or require radical modification. The book also explores several common themes which are fundamental to the development of the law of contract: for instance, the influence of commercial expectations, appeals to 'reason' and the significance of particular judicial ideologies and techniques.

The quantification of contractual money awards is a topic of both significant theoretical interest and immense practical importance. Recent debates have ranged from the availability of gain-based relief to the basis for principles of remoteness and mitigation. While these and other important issues, such as the recovery of damages for non-pecuniary loss, are touched upon, the book's principal objective is to challenge the conventional interpretation of the principle generally acknowledged to govern this area of the law, which Parke B famously laid down in Robinson v Harman. According to this conventional interpretation, the objective of all money awards given in accordance with the Robinson v Harman principle is simply to 'compensate' the promisee for the 'loss' that can be attributed to the promisor's failure to perform as promised. After challenging this orthodoxy, Dr Winterton proposes a new understanding of the Robinson v Harman principle, which draws an important distinction between money awards that substitute for the performance promised and money awards that aim to make good certain detrimental factual consequences that can be attributed to a promisor's breach. In exploring the significance of this distinction, the different principles underpinning the quantification and restriction of each kind of award are explored in addition to some important theoretical issues such as the effect that the occurrence of a breach has on the rights generated by contract formation. The book's unifying objective is to outline a coherent picture of the law of contractual money awards. It will be of interest to judges, practitioners and academics alike. Nominated for the 2018 St Petersburg International Legal Forum Private Law Prize!

El Tratado de Derecho Administrativo del profesor venezolano Allan R. Brewer-Carias recoge, en seis volumenes, con una sistematizacion impecable, materialmente toda la extensa obra del autor en el campo del derecho administrativo escrita durante los ultimos cincuenta anos, desde que se inicio en la docencia y en la investigacion en la Universidad Central de Venezuela en 1963; siendo, la misma una muestra especifica del desarrollo del Derecho Administrativo Iberoamericano, que se produjo en paralelo con el desarrollo del derecho administrativo espanol contemporaneo, desde los tiempos de la fundacion de la Revista de Administracion Publica (1958). La obra, editada sin perdida de espacio, comprende todos los estudios del autor sobre la teoria del derecho administrativo, su objeto, sus supuestos fundamentales, y su encuadramiento constitucional (Tomo I); sobre la Administracion Publica, sus fundamentos, su organizacion, sus trasformaciones y sus problemas (Tomo II); sobre el regimen de la actividad administrativa, particularmente el regimen de los actos administrativos y de los contratos administrativos (Tomo III); sobre el regimen del procedimiento administrativo, con especial enfasis en su codificacion en el derecho comparado iberoamericano (Tomo IV); sobre el regimen de la accion administrativa, particularmente en cuanto a los poderes, potestades y relaciones con los administrados (Tomo V); y sobre el regimen del control jurisdiccional contencioso administrativo sobre la Administracion Publica y su actividad (Tomo VI). Cada Tomo, por tanto, tiene hasta cierto punto, su propia autonomia, de manera que este Tomo II de 1.080 paginas, sobre "La Administracion Publica," incluye todos los estudios del autor sobre la introduccion a la Administracion Publica, sus fundamentos, los principios de su organizacion, su organizacion territorial y funcional, sus transformaciones contemporaneas impuestas por nuevos modelos del Estado, y sus problemas de siempre.

El Tratado de Derecho Administrativo del profesor venezolano Allan R. Brewer-Carias recoge, en seis volumenes, con una sistematizacion impecable, materialmente toda la extensa obra del autor en el campo del derecho administrativo escrita durante los ultimos cincuenta anos, desde que se inicio en la docencia y en la investigacion en la Universidad Central de Venezuela en 1963; siendo, la misma una muestra especifica del desarrollo del Derecho Administrativo Iberoamericano, que se produjo en paralelo con el desarrollo del derecho administrativo espanol contemporaneo, desde los tiempos de la fundacion de la Revista de Administracion Publica (1958). La obra, editada sin perdida de espacio, comprende todos los estudios del autor sobre la teoria del derecho administrativo, su objeto, sus supuestos fundamentales, y su encuadramiento constitucional (Tomo I); sobre la Administracion Publica, sus fundamentos, su organizacion, sus trasformaciones y sus problemas (Tomo II); sobre el regimen de la actividad administrativa, particularmente el regimen de los actos administrativos y de los contratos administrativos (Tomo III); sobre el regimen del procedimiento administrativo, con especial enfasis en su codificacion en el derecho comparado iberoamericano (Tomo IV); sobre el regimen de la accion administrativa, particularmente en cuanto a los poderes, potestades y relaciones con los administrados (Tomo V); y sobre el regimen del control jurisdiccional contencioso administrativo sobre la Administracion Publica y su actividad (Tomo VI). Cada Tomo, por tanto, tiene hasta cierto punto, su propia autonomia, de manera que este Tomo III de 1.064 paginas, sobre "Los actos administrativos y los contratos administrativos," incluye todos los estudios del autor primero, sobre los actos administrativos, con los estudios sobre su teoria, sus requisitos y sus efectos, con especial tratamiento de su encuadramiento dentro de los diversos actos ejecutivos del Estado; y segundo, sobre los contratos administrativos, los contratos publicos y los contratos del Estado, con sus estudios sobre su teoria de los contratos administrativos, el desarrollo y evolucion de la contratacion publica, sobre los alcances de la inmunidad de jurisdiccion, y sobre el tema del arbitraje en la contratacion administrativa.

El Tratado de Derecho Administrativo del profesor venezolano Allan R. Brewer-Carias recoge, en seis volumenes, con una sistematizacion impecable, materialmente toda la extensa obra del autor en el campo del derecho administrativo escrita durante los ultimos cincuenta anos, desde que se inicio en la docencia y en la investigacion en la Universidad Central de Venezuela en 1963; siendo, la misma una muestra especifica del desarrollo del Derecho Administrativo Iberoamericano, que se produjo en paralelo con el desarrollo del derecho administrativo espanol contemporaneo, desde los tiempos de la fundacion de la Revista de Administracion Publica (1958). La obra, editada sin perdida de espacio, comprende todos los estudios del autor sobre la teoria del derecho administrativo, su objeto, sus supuestos fundamentales, y su encuadramiento constitucional (Tomo I); sobre la Administracion Publica, sus fundamentos, su organizacion, sus trasformaciones y sus problemas (Tomo II); sobre el regimen de la actividad administrativa, particularmente el regimen de los actos administrativos y de los contratos administrativos (Tomo III); sobre el regimen del procedimiento administrativo, con especial enfasis en su codificacion en el derecho comparado iberoamericano (Tomo IV); sobre el regimen de la accion administrativa, particularmente en cuanto a los poderes, potestades y relaciones con los administrados (Tomo V); y sobre el regimen del control jurisdiccional contencioso administrativo sobre la Administracion Publica y su actividad (Tomo VI). Cada Tomo, por tanto, tiene hasta cierto punto, su propia autonomia, de manera que este Tomo IV de 972 paginas, sobre "El procedimiento administrativo," incluye todos los estudios del autor sobre la codificacion del derecho administrativo y especificamente del procedimiento administrativo, con especial enfasis en el derecho comparado iberoamericano; sobre los principios y regimen legal del procedimiento administrativo, y sobre los recursos administrativos.

El Tratado de Derecho Administrativo del profesor venezolano Allan R. Brewer-Carias recoge, en seis volumenes, con una sistematizacion impecable, materialmente toda la extensa obra del autor en el campo del derecho administrativo escrita durante los ultimos cincuenta anos, desde que se inicio en la docencia y en la investigacion en la Universidad Central de Venezuela en 1963; siendo, la misma una muestra especifica del desarrollo del Derecho Administrativo Iberoamericano, que se produjo en paralelo con el desarrollo del derecho administrativo espanol contemporaneo, desde los tiempos de la fundacion de la Revista de Administracion Publica (1958). La obra, editada sin perdida de espacio, comprende todos los estudios del autor sobre la teoria del derecho administrativo, su objeto, sus supuestos fundamentales, y su encuadramiento constitucional (Tomo I); sobre la Administracion Publica, sus fundamentos, su organizacion, sus trasformaciones y sus problemas (Tomo II); sobre el regimen de la actividad administrativa, particularmente el regimen de los actos administrativos y de los contratos administrativos (Tomo III); sobre el regimen del procedimiento administrativo, con especial enfasis en su codificacion en el derecho comparado iberoamericano (Tomo IV); sobre el regimen de la accion administrativa, particularmente en cuanto a los poderes, potestades y relaciones con los administrados (Tomo V); y sobre el regimen del control jurisdiccional contencioso administrativo sobre la Administracion Publica y su actividad (Tomo VI). Cada Tomo, por tanto, tiene hasta cierto punto su propia autonomia, de manera que este Tomo V de 1.072 paginas, sobre "La accion de la Administracion: Poderes, Potestades y Relaciones con los administrados," incluye todos los estudios del autor sobre las relaciones entre la Administracion y los administrados, el ejercicio del poder discrecional de la Administracion y sus limites; sobre la potestad normativa, la potestad reguladora, la potestad expropiatoria y la potestad nacionalizadota del Estado; sobre las formas de la actividad administrativa, especificamente, el servicio publico y la policia administrativa; sobre la intervencion del Estado en la gestion de la economia, con especial tratamiento del regimen de la empresas publicas en el derecho comparado; y sobre el control de la actividad de la Administracion.

CONTRATOS ADMINISTRATIVOS, CONTRATOS PUBLICOS, CONTRATOS DEL ESTADO Por Allan R. Brewer-Carias Este libro recoge, en un solo volumen presentado con una sistematizacion impecable, toda la extensa obra del profesor Allan R. Brewer-Carias sobre el tema de los Contratos Administrativos, Contratos Publico, Contratos del Estado, escrita y publicada durante los ultimos cincuenta anos sobre uno de los temas que pueden considerarse como neuralgicos del derecho administrativo, y cuyo desarrollo ha contribuido a la reafirmacion de la propia autonomia de la disciplina. Se trata del tema de los "contratos administrativos" o mas general, de los contratos publicos, que estan sometidos a un regimen preponderante de derecho publico (sin dejar de nutrirse de los principios aplicables a los contratos en general), conforme al cual, entre otros aspectos, deben contener clausulas de caracter obligatorio, por ejemplo, en materia de inmunidad de jurisdiccion, en materia ambiental, o de orden temporal en el caso de concesiones administrativas; ademas, estan sujetos a regulaciones especificas sobre procedimientos especiales para la seleccion de contratistas, como son la licitacion y el concurso; sobre la prevision de poderes que se consideran exorbitantes del derecho comun, a las Administraciones Publicas contratantes para dirigir y controlar la ejecucion de los contratos publicos, para modificar el alcance de las obligaciones contractuales del co-contratante, para sancionar sus incumplimientos, e incluso, para rescindir unilateralmente el contrato por incumplimientos del co-contratante o por razones de interes general, lo que en materia de concesiones, equivale al rescate anticipado de las mismas. Dicho regimen de derecho publico ha conducido, por ejemplo al desarrollo del principio del equilibrio economico del contrato, que impone a la Administracion contratante el deber de preservarlo y restablecerlo debiendo compensar al co-contratante, cuando se rompe, por ejemplo, en casos de modificaciones al contrato, o de rescision unilateral por razones de interes general o por las afectaciones al contrato derivadas de un "hecho del principe;" principios todos cuyo origen remoto esta en el derecho frances que tanto influyo en esta materia en el desarrollo del derecho administrativo espanol e iberoamericano. La obra del profesor Brewer-Carias, aun cuando teniendo como punto de referencia el derecho venezolano, abarca el estudio de todos esos principios relativos a la contratacion publica, los cuales son tratados en los cuatro Libros que componen el la obra: El primero sobre "La teoria de los contratos administrativos" que recoge un trabajo suyo de 1964, referido a los principios generales sobre la contratacion administrativa; el segundo, sobre los "contratos administrativos,"que recoge un libro de 1992, donde estudia, en particular, el tema del sentido actual de la clasica distincion entre los "contratos administrativos" y los llamados "contratos de derecho privado de la Administracion; ademas de las caracteristicas fundamentales de los mismos, el regimen de su formacion y efectos, la responsabilidad contractual y el contencioso administrativo de los contratos de la Administracion. El tercero, referido a varios estudios contemporaneos sobre el tema mas general de los contratos publicos, la revivencia de la nocion de "contrato administrativo," y el regimen especifico de las concesiones administrativas. Y el cuarto, referido al estudio especifico de los temas de la inmunidad relativa de jurisdiccion del Estado en los contratos publicos, del tema del arbitraje como medio de solucion de controversias en la contratacion publica, y los casos de consentimiento del Estado en materia de arbitraje internacional ante el Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias relativas a Inversiones (CIADI).