The best leaders lead by example, not by mandate. However, so much leadership has become conscripted by neoliberal values. Educators and politicians, who are increasingly making policy for educators, have come to believe that standardized test scores are the same as knowledge acquired, as if test scores actually measure knowledge as opposed to information. Simply put, educational policy is no longer being developed for educational purposes but education is increasingly being manipulated as an experiment in social engineering. Educational leaders are caught on the horns of a dilemma - to follow and inscribe policies they do not agree with or to "go rogue" and do what they know is needed. Leading under Pressure is aptly titled, as there is significant pressure being placed on school leaders at any stage in their careers. However, in an otherwise increasingly hostile political, commercial and natural environment, there are some rays of hope. For example, teachers still know what it is that their students need and strive to provide that, despite mandates that try to create consumers of us all. This volume is divided into three sections, the first of which seeks to explore social contexts of educational leadership. The second section explores the experiences of a variety of educational leaders in various contexts, while the third section of this volume looks at some of the consequences, unintended and otherwise, of the neoliberal commodification of education.

First Published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Designing an inclusive curriculum for all pupils is not easy. The practicing teachers who have written this book offer clearly laid out ideas and objectives for learning that goes beyond the National Curriculum. It incorporates a holistic approach to the development of a relevant curriculum for pupils and students who experience profound and multiple learning difficulties (PMLD).

'The Parallel Curriculum Model helps teachers not only strengthen their knowledge and pedagogy, but also rediscover a passion for their discipline based on their deeper, more connected understanding. Our students think critically and deeply at a level I have never before witnessed.'uTony Poole, PrincipalSky Vista Middle School, Aurora, CO'What makes this book unique is its insistence on the development of conceptual understanding of content and its focus on the abilities, interests, and learning preferences of each student.'uH. Lynn Erickson, Educational ConsultantAuthor of Stirring the Head, Heart, and Soul'The approach honors the integrity of the disciplines while remaining responsive to the diversity of learners that teachers encounter.'uJay McTighe, Educational ConsultantCoauthor of Understanding by DesignEngage students with a rich curriculum that strengthens their capacity as learners and thinkers!Based on the premise that every learner is somewhere on a path toward expertise in a content area, this resource promotes a curriculum model for developing the abilities of all students and extending the abilities of students who perform at advanced levels. The Parallel Curriculum Model (PCM) offers four curriculum parallels that incorporate the element of Ascending Intellectual Demand to help teachers determine current student performance levels and develop intellectual challenges to move learners along a continuum toward expertise. Updated throughout and reflecting state and national content standards, this new edition:Helps teachers design learning experiences that develop PreKu12 learners' analytical, critical, and creative thinking skills in each subject areaProvides a framework for planning differentiated curriculumIncludes examples of curriculum units, sample rubrics, and tables to help implement the PCM modelThe Parallel Curriculum effectively promotes educational equity and excellence by ensuring that all students are adequately challenged and supported through a multidimensional, high-quality curriculum.

This new edition of Ann Lewis's widely acclaimed text has been substantially revised and updated to take into account the recent revisions to the National Curriculum and the guidance of the Code of Practice. It provides:
*an analysis of the issues and practicalities of implementing the National Curriculum at primary school level
*an exploration of the main trends concerning the education of children with learning difficulties
*guidelines on safeguarding a broad curriculum, assessing children's learning and helping all children gain access to the National Curriculum
Related issues such as the grouping of children, the role of the special needs coordinator, resources, record keeping and the legal position are also examined. These areas are explored in the light of classroom practice, evidence about the impact of the National Curriculum to date and wider research evidence and policy analysis.

This second edition is revised and updated to take full account of recent developments in special needs. The core of the book focuses on planning for well-differentiated curriculum implementation. It describes a variety of models that explore progression, continuity, relevance and inclusion for pupils with special educational needs. The authors also offer an analysis of curriculum management issues in the light of the theoretical and statutory background since the latest revisions of the National Curriculum and the Code of Practice.

The background to this book, first published in 1986, and its underlying concern lies with those aspects of education which relate to values. Amongst these, moral and social values are often thought of as central, and they are the title's primary concerns. The study also deals with the value aspects and implications of the major areas of the sec

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the history and current status of policy, research and practices of curriculum, classroom instruction and assessment in Japan. It outlines the mechanism of curriculum organization and the history of the National Courses of Study, and assesses the theories of academic ability model. It also discusses in detail the history of "Lesson Study" - a characteristic teaching practice in Japan which utilizes groups, and reviews the history of educational assessment in Japan. Case studies on the practice of portfolio assessment in the Period for Integrated Study, as well as the practice of performance tasks in subject-based education are illustrated to show various examples of teaching practices. Curriculum, Instruction and Assessment in Japan explores: * Child-centered Curriculum and Discipline-Centered Curriculum * Theories based on Models of Academic Achievement and Competency * Various Methods for Organizing Creative Whole-Class Teaching * Performance Assessment in Subject Teaching A good guideline for those who would like to use the idea of "Lesson Study" in order to improve their own teaching and management practices and a reference to all working in educational improvement, this book will be of interest to educators and policymakers concerned with curriculum practices or those with an interest in the Japanese education system.

This book asserts that engaging with divergent understandings about the nature of evil and how it functions can help those interested in education think through issues in curriculum, pedagogy, and beyond. The author provokes thinking about and through the concept of evil in the spirit of thoughtful education (as opposed to thoughtless schooling) toward how we might live together in less harmful ways. Although thinking about evil can be uncomfortable and troubling, such inquiries help us explore what sort of relations we want to have with others. Analyzing our role in evil as humans, as well as our responsibilities to counter the processes of evil present in our everyday lives, opens up a potential to foster radical thought in and out of the classroom.

This book and the symposium on which it was based were designed to cross the boundaries of subdiscipline and theoretical orientation to address four critical issues in understanding development: explanation of change and development; the nature and process of change; forms of variability in performance; and the promotion of change through application. The chapters suggest that change and development in target systems from cells to selves, may not be explainable, assessable, or promotable without careful reference to the context (social and otherwise) of the system, and that the process of change and development may involve variability of the system in addition to periods of stability. Together the chapters harken back to the spirit of the grand theory. Instead of proposing a grand theory, they provide an excellent foundation for considering the importance of an individual's (or particular group's) context and variability, and discussions to facilitate thinking about what still needs to be worked out.

One of four working documents which are the first publications to emerge from a detailed study of the implications of recent legislation for pupils with severe and complex learning difficulties by four special school teachers seconded by Manchester Education Committee to Manchester University in September 1989. The main thrust of the work has been to ensure equality of access for all pupils to a broadly based curriculum which incorporates the National Curriculum.

This volume is a result of mathematicians, cognitive scientists, mathematics educators, and classroom teachers combining their efforts to help address issues of importance to classroom instruction in mathematics. In so doing, the contributors provide a general introduction to fundamental ideas in cognitive science, plus an overview of cognitive theory and its direct implications for mathematics education. A practical, no-nonsense attempt to bring recent research within reach for practicing teachers, this book also raises many issues for cognitive researchers to consider.

Sexuality Education in Postsecondary and Professional Training Settings keeps you up-to-date on the trends and issues in sexuality education in colleges, universities, and professional training institutions. A diverse group of authors, all experienced sexuality educators, offers summary information, critical commentary, thoughtful analysis, and projections of future trends in sexuality education in postsecondary settings. This keeps you current on the status of sexuality education and will move you to consider a variety of concerns and challenges in designing and implementing sexuality education courses and programs. Finally, the chapters present you with valuable resources, ranging from historical references to contemporary website information.Beginning with an historical perspective on twentieth-century sexuality education, Sexuality Education in Postsecondary and Professional Training Settings includes information on the nature and extent of sexuality education in contemporary colleges and universities, as well as in institutions training teachers, clergy, and physicians. The book's expert authors analyze undergraduate curricular and pedagogical issues, as well as problems in classroom climate and the challenges of meeting objectives for behavioral change. Specific topics you learn about include: guidelines for teaching undergraduate sexuality courses--with a focus on philosophical issues; how to develop objectives and implement teaching strategies; print, media, and Internet resources for teaching; and commentary on controversial issues effects of various workshops on the contraceptive-related attitudes and behaviors of college students sexuality education and HIV/AIDS prevention education in teacher preparation institutions perceptions of faculty regarding curriculum and approaches to sexuality education in clergy training institutions sexuality education in medical school curricula in the U.S. and Canada Sexuality Education in Postsecondary and Professional Training Settings is a valuable guide for sexuality educators in postsecondary settings and educators in corollary areas such as health education, educational psychology, family education, or curriculum development. Also an informative and useful text for scholars, researchers, professionals, and students in the fields of sexuality education, behavioral sciences, applied social sciences, and social policy, this book presents a variety of philosophical and methodological approaches to vital issues, ranging from qualitative phenomenological and interpretive methods to quantitative analyses to critical essays.

The Atlas of African Affairs is divided into five sections dealing with environmental, historical, political and economic issues and with Southern Africa. Throughout, the book presents an interdisciplinary, integrated perspective on African affairs. Most of the chapters deal with continent-wide themes and are illustrated by maps of Africa as a whole drawn to a standardised outline of the same map projection and scale. Other chapters, often by way of example, discuss parts of the continent or individual countries and are illustrated with appropriate maps. The basic format of integrated text and maps is supplemented by guides to further reading at the end of each section as well as a series of detailed statistical tables at the end of the book.

How do you create effective STEM classrooms that energize students, help them grow into creative thinkers and collaborators, and prepare them for their futures? This practical book from expert Anne Jolly has all the answers and tools you need to get started or enhance your current program. Based on the author's popular MiddleWeb blog of the same name, STEM by Design reveals the secrets to successful lessons in which students use science, math, and technology to solve real-world engineering design problems. You'll learn how to: Select and adapt quality existing STEM lessons that present authentic problems, allow for creative approaches, and engage students in meaningful teamwork; Create your own student-centered STEM lessons based on the Engineering Design Process; Assess students' understanding of basic STEM concepts, their problem-solving abilities, and their level of engagement with the material; Teach STEM in after-school programs to further build on concepts covered in class; Empower girls to aspire to careers in STEM and break down the barriers of gender bias; Tap into STEM's project-based learning style to attract and engage all students. Throughout this user-friendly book, you'll find design tools such as checklists, activities, and assessments to aid you in developing or adapting STEM lessons. These tools, as well as additional teacher resources, are also available as free downloads from the book's website, http://www.stem-by-design.com.

A brief, reader-friendly introduction to early childhood education in today's world Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education is appreciated for its practical, applied approach and its engaging chapter features that look at every aspect of the field - early childhood programs, professionals in practice, diversity, technology issues, and ethical decision making. Young children's distinctive developmental and educational needs are covered from birth through age eight in separate chapters on infants and toddlers, preschoolers, kindergartners, and primary school children. Thoroughly revised and updated throughout, the 9th Edition offers a contemporary, accessible, and user-friendly approach to all of the major topics, programs, and issues at the forefront of early childhood education today. Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education, 9th Edition is also available via Revel (TM), an interactive learning environment that enables students to read, practice, and study in one continuous experience.

As Asian education systems increasingly take on a stronger presence on the global educational landscape, of special interest is an understanding of the ways in which many of these states direct their schools towards higher achievement. What is missing, however, are accounts that take seriously the particular construction of the strong, developmental state witnessed across many Asian societies, and that seek to understand the politics and possibilities of curriculum change vis a vis precisely the dominance of such a state. By engaging in analyses based on some of the best current social and cultural theories, and by illuminating the interactions among various state and non-state pedagogic agents, the chapters in this volume account for the complex post-colonial, historical and cultural consciousnesses that many Asian states and societies experience. At a time when much of the educational politics in Asia remains in a state of transition and as many of these states seek out through the curriculum new forms of social control and novel bases of political legitimacy, such a volume offers enduring insights into the real if not also always relative autonomy that schools and communities maintain in countering the hegemonic presence of strong states.

Apple critically examines current trends in educational policy and draws on the issues of gender, class and economic pressure implicit in the battle for control of the curriculum.

Equipped with cultural tools like cell phones, computers and video cameras, youth are called upon to improvise and construct themselves symbolically in a continuously connected world; yet new teachers and students are still expected to learn and deliver standardized, placeless forms of scripted curriculum. This volume argues for improvisation as an approach to curriculum that recognizes the fundamentally creative aspects of learning that are often marginalized in communities of disadvantage. It provides interesting possibilities for schools that are working hard to keep up with technological, economic and cultural change, and argues for an improvised middle ground between structure and creativity. This volume outlines a two-year research project performed in a Canadian middle school, where school staff used student filmmaking as a way to expand teachers' conceptions of literacy. It analyzes the response of students and parents as well as the student teachers that brought the program to the school. The improvisational techniques used while making the films paved the way for larger benefits of curricular improvisation to be explored.

Now its fourth edition, Planning an Appropriate Curriculum in the Early Years offers a comprehensive guide for early years practitioners and students on how to plan and implement a suitable curriculum for the children in an Early Years setting. It examines the key roles and responsibilities of practitioners working in Early Years settings and those with responsibility for leading and managing provision for EYFS in primary schools. Completely revised and updated in line with the Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage, latest research evidence and OFSTED requirements, this book covers the following aspects of the Early Years including: what we mean by planning an appropriate curriculum in the early years; transition from nursery to school and into Year 1; defining quality learning and play in the early years assessment procedures and examples; integration of two-year-olds into school; the role played by parents and carers in children's learning and development; the ways in which vulnerable children are provided for; examples of planning material developed by practitioners. With case studies of good practice and questions for reflective practice and group work, this timely fourth edition will be welcomed by students and practitioners looking to provide high quality and effective learning experiences for the under-fives.

First Published in 1988. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This scholarly book arises from the author's dissatisfaction with much of what is regarded as the gospel of curriculum theory.

This scholarly book arises from the author's dissatisfaction with much of what is regarded as the gospel of curriculum theory.

First published in 1987. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.