This stimulating textbook presents a broad and accessible guide to the fundamentals of discrete mathematics, highlighting how the techniques may be applied to various exciting areas in computing. The text is designed to motivate and inspire the reader, encouraging further study in this important skill. Features: This book provides an introduction to the building blocks of discrete mathematics, including sets, relations and functions; describes the basics of number theory, the techniques of induction and recursion, and the applications of mathematical sequences, series, permutations, and combinations; presents the essentials of algebra; explains the fundamentals of automata theory, matrices, graph theory, cryptography, coding theory, language theory, and the concepts of computability and decidability; reviews the history of logic, discussing propositional and predicate logic, as well as advanced topics such as the nature of theorem proving; examines the field of software engineering, including software reliability and dependability and describes formal methods; investigates probability and statistics and presents an overview of operations research and financial mathematics.

The advent of the computer age has set in motion a profound shift in our perception of science -its structure, its aims and its evolution. Traditionally, the principal domains of science were, and are, considered to be mathe matics, physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy and related disciplines. But today, and to an increasing extent, scientific progress is being driven by a quest for machine intelligence - for systems which possess a high MIQ (Machine IQ) and can perform a wide variety of physical and mental tasks with minimal human intervention. The role model for intelligent systems is the human mind. The influ ence of the human mind as a role model is clearly visible in the methodolo gies which have emerged, mainly during the past two decades, for the con ception, design and utilization of intelligent systems. At the center of these methodologies are fuzzy logic (FL); neurocomputing (NC); evolutionary computing (EC); probabilistic computing (PC); chaotic computing (CC); and machine learning (ML). Collectively, these methodologies constitute what is called soft computing (SC). In this perspective, soft computing is basically a coalition of methodologies which collectively provide a body of concepts and techniques for automation of reasoning and decision-making in an environment of imprecision, uncertainty and partial truth."

Fuzzy rule systems have found a wide range of applications in many fields of science and technology. Traditionally, fuzzy rules are generated from human expert knowledge or human heuristics for relatively simple systems. In the last few years, data-driven fuzzy rule generation has been very active. Compared to heuristic fuzzy rules, fuzzy rules generated from data are able to extract more profound knowledge for more complex systems. This book presents a number of approaches to the generation of fuzzy rules from data, ranging from the direct fuzzy inference based to neural net works and evolutionary algorithms based fuzzy rule generation. Besides the approximation accuracy, special attention has been paid to the interpretabil ity of the extracted fuzzy rules. In other words, the fuzzy rules generated from data are supposed to be as comprehensible to human beings as those generated from human heuristics. To this end, many aspects of interpretabil ity of fuzzy systems have been discussed, which must be taken into account in the data-driven fuzzy rule generation. In this way, fuzzy rules generated from data are intelligible to human users and therefore, knowledge about unknown systems can be extracted."

The book is an authoritative collection of contributions by leading experts on the topics of fuzzy logic, multi-valued logic and neural network. Originally written as an homage to Claudio Moraga, seen by his colleagues as an example of concentration, discipline and passion for science, the book also represents a timely reference guide for advance students and researchers in the field of soft computing, and multiple-valued logic.

This book aims to present the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data in healthcare for medical decision making and data analysis in myriad fields including Radiology, Radiomics, Radiogenomics, Oncology, Pharmacology, COVID-19 prognosis, Cardiac imaging, Neuroradiology, Psychiatry and others. This will include topics such as Artificial Intelligence of Thing (AIOT), Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), Distributed learning, Blockchain of Internet of Things (BIOT), Cybersecurity, and Internet of (Medical) Things (IoTs). Healthcare providers will learn how to leverage Big Data analytics and AI as methodology for accurate analysis based on their clinical data repositories and clinical decision support. The capacity to recognize patterns and transform large amounts of data into usable information for precision medicine assists healthcare professionals in achieving these objectives. Intelligent Health has the potential to monitor patients at risk with underlying conditions and track their progress during therapy. Some of the greatest challenges in using these technologies are based on legal and ethical concerns of using medical data and adequately representing and servicing disparate patient populations. One major potential benefit of this technology is to make health systems more sustainable and standardized. Privacy and data security, establishing protocols, appropriate governance, and improving technologies will be among the crucial priorities for Digital Transformation in Healthcare.

There are several approaches to attack hard problems. All have their merits, but also their limitations, and need a large body of theory as their basis. A number of books for each one exist: books on complexity theory, others on approximation algorithms, heuristic approaches, parametrized complexity, and yet others on randomized algorithms. This book discusses thoroughly all of the above approaches. And, amazingly, at the same time, does this in a style that makes the book accessible not only to theoreticians, but also to the non-specialist, to the student or teacher, and to the programmer. Do you think that mathematical rigor and accessibility contradict? Look at this book to find out that they do not, due to the admirable talent of the author to present his material in a clear and concise way, with the idea behind the approach spelled out explicitly, often with a revealing example.Reading this book is a beautiful experience and I can highly recommend it to anyone interested in learning how to solve hard problems. It is not just a condensed union of material from other books. Because it discusses the different approaches in depth, it has the chance to compare them in detail, and, most importantly, to highlight under what circumstances which approach might be worth exploring. No book on a single type of solution can do that, but this book does it in an absolutely fascinating way that can serve as a pattern for theory textbooks with a high level of generality. (Peter Widmayer)The second edition extends the part on the method of relaxation to linear programming with an emphasis on rounding, LP-duality, and primal-dual schema, and provides a self-contained and transparent presentation of the design of randomized algorithms for primality testing.

This book presents best selected papers presented at the International Conference on Data Science for Computational Security (IDSCS 2020), organized by the Department of Data Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Pune Lavasa Campus, India, during 13-14 March 2020. The proceeding will be targeting the current research works in the areas of data science, data security, data analytics, artificial intelligence, machine learning, computer vision, algorithms design, computer networking, data mining, big data, text mining, knowledge representation, soft computing and cloud computing.

The cryptosystems based on the Integer Factorization Problem (IFP), the Discrete Logarithm Problem (DLP) and the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP) are essentially the only three types of practical public-key cryptosystems in use. The security of these cryptosystems relies heavily on these three infeasible problems, as no polynomial-time algorithms exist for them so far. However, polynomial-time quantum algorithms for IFP, DLP and ECDLP do exist, provided that a practical quantum computer exists.

"Quantum Attacks on Public-Key Cryptosystems" presemts almost allknown quantum computing based attacks on public-key cryptosystems, with an emphasis on quantum algorithms for IFP, DLP, and ECDLP. It also discusses some quantum resistant cryptosystems to replace the IFP, DLP and ECDLP based cryptosystems.

This book is intended to be used either as a graduate text in computing, communications and mathematics, or as a basic reference in the field.

This volume directly addresses the complexities involved in data mining and the development of new algorithms, built on an underlying theory consisting of linear and non-linear dynamics, data selection, filtering, and analysis, while including analytical projection and prediction. The results derived from the analysis are then further manipulated such that a visual representation is derived with an accompanying analysis. The book brings very current methods of analysis to the forefront of the discipline, provides researchers and practitioners the mathematical underpinning of the algorithms, and the non-specialist with a visual representation such that a valid understanding of the meaning of the adaptive system can be attained with careful attention to the visual representation. The book presents, as a collection of documents, sophisticated and meaningful methods that can be immediately understood and applied to various other disciplines of research. The content is composed of chapters addressing: An application of adaptive systems methodology in the field of post-radiation treatment involving brain volume differences in children; A new adaptive system for computer-aided diagnosis of the characterization of lung nodules; A new method of multi-dimensional scaling with minimal loss of information; A description of the semantics of point spaces with an application on the analysis of terrorist attacks in Afghanistan; The description of a new family of meta-classifiers; A new method of optimal informational sorting; A general method for the unsupervised adaptive classification for learning; and the presentation of two new theories, one in target diffusion and the other in twisting theory.

This volume is about "Structure." The search for "structure," always the pursuit of sciences within their specific areas and perspectives, is witnessing these days a dra matic revolution. The coexistence and interaction of so many structures (atoms, hu mans, cosmos and all that there is in between) would be unconceivable according to many experts, if there were not, behind it all, some gen eral organizational principle. s that (at least in some asymptotic way) make possible so many equilibria among species and natural objects, fan tastically tuned to an extremely high degree of precision. The evidence accumulates to an increasingly impressive degree; a concrete example comes from physics, whose constant aim always was and is that of searching for "ultimate laws," out of which everything should follow, from quarks to the cosmos. Our notions and philosophy have un dergone major revolutions, whenever the "unthinkable" has been changed by its wonderful endeavours into "fact." Well, it is just from physics that evidence comes: even if the "ultimate" could be reached, it would not in any way be a terminal point. When "complexity" comes into the game, entirely new notions have to be invented; they all have to do with "structure," though this time in a much wider sense than would have been understood a decade or so ago."

Markov decision process (MDP) models are widely used for modeling sequential decision-making problems that arise in engineering, economics, computer science, and the social sciences. Many real-world problems modeled by MDPs have huge state and/or action spaces, giving an opening to the curse of dimensionality and so making practical solution of the resulting models intractable. In other cases, the system of interest is too complex to allow explicit specification of some of the MDP model parameters, but simulation samples are readily available (e.g., for random transitions and costs). For these settings, various sampling and population-based algorithms have been developed to overcome the difficulties of computing an optimal solution in terms of a policy and/or value function. Specific approaches include adaptive sampling, evolutionary policy iteration, evolutionary random policy search, and model reference adaptive search.
This substantially enlarged new edition reflects the latest developments in novel algorithms and their underpinning theories, and presents an updated account of the topics that have emerged since the publication of the first edition. Includes:
innovative material on MDPs, both in constrained settings and with uncertain transition properties;
game-theoretic method for solving MDPs;
theories for developing roll-out based algorithms; and
details of approximation stochastic annealing, a population-based on-line simulation-based algorithm.
The self-contained approach of this book will appeal not only to researchers in MDPs, stochastic modeling, and control, and simulation but will be a valuable source of tuition and reference for students of control and operations research.

Genetic Programming Theory and Practice VII presents the results of the annual Genetic Programming Theory and Practice Workshop, contributed by the foremost international researchers and practitioners in the GP arena. Contributions examine the similarities and differences between theoretical and empirical results on real-world problems, and explore the synergy between theory and practice, producing a comprehensive view of the state of the art in GP application. Application areas include chemical process control, circuit design, financial data mining and bio-informatics, to name a few.

About this book: Discusses the hurdles encountered when solving large-scale, cutting-edge applications, provides in-depth presentations of the latest and most significant applications of GP and the most recent theoretical results with direct applicability to state-of-the-art problems. Genetic Programming Theory and Practice VII is suitable for researchers, practitioners and students of Genetic Programming, including industry technical staffs, technical consultants and business entrepreneurs.

This volume contains the proceedings of the IFIPTM 2008, the Joint iTrust and PST Conferences on Privacy, Trust Management and Security, held in Trondheim, Norway from June 18 to June 20, 2008. IFIPTM 2008 provides a truly global platform for the reporting of research, development, policy and practice in the interdependent areas of Privacy, Security, and Trust. Following the traditions inherited from the highly successful iTrust and PST conference series, IFIPTM 2008 focuses on trust, privacy and security from multidisciplinary perspectives. The conference is an arena for discussion about re levant problems from both research and practice in the areas of academia, busi ness, and government. IFIPTM 2008 is an open IFIP conference, which only accepts contributed pa pers, so all papers in these proceedings have passed strict peer review. The pro gram of the conference features both theoretical research papers and reports of real world case studies. IFIPTM 2008 received 62 submissions. The program commit tee selected 22 papers for presentation and inclusion in the proceedings. In addi tion, the program and the proceedings include 3 demo descriptions. The highlights of IFIPTM 2008 include invited talks and tutorials by industri al and academic experts in the fields of trust management, privacy and security, including Jon Bing and Michael Steiner.

This book shares essential insights into how the social sciences and technology could foster new advances in managing the complexity inherent to the criminal and digital policing landscape. Said landscape is both dynamic and intricate, emanating as it does from crimes that are both persistent and transnational. Globalization, human and drug trafficking, cybercrime, terrorism, and other forms of transnational crime can have significant impacts on societies around the world. This necessitates a reassessment of what crime, national security and policing mean. Recent global events such as human and drug trafficking, the COVID-19 pandemic, violent protests, cyber threats and terrorist activities underscore the vulnerabilities of our current security and digital policing posture. This book presents concepts, theories and digital policing applications, offering a comprehensive analysis of current and emerging trends in digital policing. Pursuing an evidence-based approach, it offers an extraordinarily perceptive and detailed view of issues and solutions regarding the crime and digital policing landscape. To this end, it highlights current technological and methodological solutions as well as advances concerning integrated computational and analytical solutions deployed in digital policing. It also provides a comprehensive analysis of the technical, ethical, legal, privacy and civil liberty challenges stemming from the aforementioned advances in the field of digital policing; and accordingly, offers detailed recommendations supporting the design and implementation of best practices including technical, ethical and legal approaches when conducting digital policing. The research gathered here fits well into the larger body of work on various aspects of AI, cybersecurity, national security, digital forensics, cyberterrorism, ethics, human rights, cybercrime and law. It provides a valuable reference for law enforcement, policymakers, cybersecurity experts, digital forensic practitioners, researchers, graduates and advanced undergraduates, and other stakeholders with an interest in counter-terrorism. In addition to this target audience, it offers a valuable tool for lawyers, criminologist and technology enthusiasts.

Computersystemsresearch is heavilyinfluencedby changesincomputertechnol- ogy. As technology changes alterthe characteristics ofthe underlying hardware com- ponents of the system, the algorithms used to manage the system need to be re- examinedand newtechniques need to bedeveloped. Technological influencesare par- ticularly evident in the design of storage management systems such as disk storage managers and file systems. The influences have been so pronounced that techniques developed as recently as ten years ago are being made obsolete. The basic problem for disk storage managers is the unbalanced scaling of hard- warecomponenttechnologies. Disk storage managerdesign depends on the technolo- gy for processors, main memory, and magnetic disks. During the 1980s, processors and main memories benefited from the rapid improvements in semiconductortechnol- ogy and improved by several orders ofmagnitude in performance and capacity. This improvement has not been matched by disk technology, which is bounded by the me- chanics ofrotating magnetic media. Magnetic disks ofthe 1980s have improved by a factor of 10in capacity butonly a factor of2 in performance. This unbalanced scaling ofthe hardware components challenges the disk storage manager to compensate for the slower disks and allow performance to scale with the processor and main memory technology. Unless the performance of file systems can be improved over that of the disks, I/O-bound applications will be unable to use the rapid improvements in processor speeds to improve performance for computer users. Disk storage managers must break this bottleneck and decouple application perfor- mance from the disk.

Details robustness, stability, and performance of Evolutionary Algorithms in dynamic environments

These contributions, written by the foremost international researchers and practitioners of Genetic Programming (GP), explore the synergy between theoretical and empirical results on real-world problems, producing a comprehensive view of the state of the art in GP. Topics in this volume include: exploiting subprograms in genetic programming, schema frequencies in GP, Accessible AI, GP for Big Data, lexicase selection, symbolic regression techniques, co-evolution of GP and LCS, and applying ecological principles to GP. It also covers several chapters on best practices and lessons learned from hands-on experience. Readers will discover large-scale, real-world applications of GP to a variety of problem domains via in-depth presentations of the latest and most significant results.

This book introduces the concepts, applications and development of data science in the telecommunications industry by focusing on advanced machine learning and data mining methodologies in the wireless networks domain. Mining Over Air describes the problems and their solutions for wireless network performance and quality, device quality readiness and returns analytics, wireless resource usage profiling, network traffic anomaly detection, intelligence-based self-organizing networks, telecom marketing, social influence, and other important applications in the telecom industry. Written by authors who study big data analytics in wireless networks and telecommunication markets from both industrial and academic perspectives, the book targets the pain points in telecommunication networks and markets through big data. Designed for both practitioners and researchers, the book explores the intersection between the development of new engineering technology and uses data from the industry to understand consumer behavior. It combines engineering savvy with insights about human behavior. Engineers will understand how the data generated from the technology can be used to understand the consumer behavior and social scientists will get a better understanding of the data generation process.

Your secret weapon to understanding--and using!--one of the most powerful influences in the world today From your Facebook News Feed to your most recent insurance premiums--even making toast!--algorithms play a role in virtually everything that happens in modern society and in your personal life. And while they can seem complicated from a distance, the reality is that, with a little help, anyone can understand--and even use--these powerful problem-solving tools! In Algorithms For Dummies, you'll discover the basics of algorithms, including what they are, how they work, where you can find them (spoiler alert: everywhere!), who invented the most important ones in use today (a Greek philosopher is involved), and how to create them yourself. You'll also find: Dozens of graphs and charts that help you understand the inner workings of algorithms Links to an online repository called GitHub for constant access to updated code Step-by-step instructions on how to use Google Colaboratory, a zero-setup coding environment that runs right from your browser Whether you're a curious internet user wondering how Google seems to always know the right answer to your question or a beginning computer science student looking for a head start on your next class, Algorithms For Dummies is the can't-miss resource you've been waiting for.

Synthesis and Optimization of DSP Algorithms describes approaches taken to synthesising structural hardware descriptions of digital circuits from high-level descriptions of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithms. The book contains:

-A tutorial on the subjects of digital design and architectural synthesis, intended for DSP engineers,
-A tutorial on the subject of DSP, intended for digital designers,
-A discussion of techniques for estimating the peak values likely to occur in a DSP system, thus enabling an appropriate signal scaling. Analytic techniques, simulation techniques, and hybrids are discussed. The applicability of different analytic approaches to different types of DSP design is covered,
-The development of techniques to optimise the precision requirements of a DSP algorithm, aiming for efficient implementation in a custom parallel processor. The idea is to trade-off numerical accuracy for area or power-consumption advantages. Again, both analytic and simulation techniques for estimating numerical accuracy are described and contrasted. Optimum and heuristic approaches to precision optimisation are discussed,
-A discussion of the importance of the scheduling, allocation, and binding problems, and development of techniques to automate these processes with reference to a precision-optimized algorithm,
-Future perspectives for synthesis and optimization of DSP algorithms. A wide body of literature exists covering separately the areas of DSP, hardware design, and design automation. This book brings together the fields, concentrating on those transformations, optimizations, and design techniques that would usually be considered to cross the domain boundaries between "pure DSP" and "pure digital implementation." As such, this book forms a valuable contribution to the existing literature.
Synthesis and Optimization of DSP Algorithms is of use both to researchers and students in the field of design automation for DSP systems, and to those wishing to implement state-of-the-art techniques within an Electronic Design Automation framework.

This textbook integrates important mathematical foundations, efficient computational algorithms, applied statistical inference techniques, and cutting-edge machine learning approaches to address a wide range of crucial biomedical informatics, health analytics applications, and decision science challenges. Each concept in the book includes a rigorous symbolic formulation coupled with computational algorithms and complete end-to-end pipeline protocols implemented as functional R electronic markdown notebooks. These workflows support active learning and demonstrate comprehensive data manipulations, interactive visualizations, and sophisticated analytics. The content includes open problems, state-of-the-art scientific knowledge, ethical integration of heterogeneous scientific tools, and procedures for systematic validation and dissemination of reproducible research findings.Complementary to the enormous challenges related to handling, interrogating, and understanding massive amounts of complex structured and unstructured data, there are unique opportunities that come with access to a wealth of feature-rich, high-dimensional, and time-varying information. The topics covered in Data Science and Predictive Analytics address specific knowledge gaps, resolve educational barriers, and mitigate workforce information-readiness and data science deficiencies. Specifically, it provides a transdisciplinary curriculum integrating core mathematical principles, modern computational methods, advanced data science techniques, model-based machine learning, model-free artificial intelligence, and innovative biomedical applications. The book's fourteen chapters start with an introduction and progressively build foundational skills from visualization to linear modeling, dimensionality reduction, supervised classification, black-box machine learning techniques, qualitative learning methods, unsupervised clustering, model performance assessment, feature selection strategies, longitudinal data analytics, optimization, neural networks, and deep learning. The second edition of the book includes additional learning-based strategies utilizing generative adversarial networks, transfer learning, and synthetic data generation, as well as eight complementary electronic appendices. This textbook is suitable for formal didactic instructor-guided course education, as well as for individual or team-supported self-learning. The material is presented at the upper-division and graduate-level college courses and covers applied and interdisciplinary mathematics, contemporary learning-based data science techniques, computational algorithm development, optimization theory, statistical computing, and biomedical sciences. The analytical techniques and predictive scientific methods described in the book may be useful to a wide range of readers, formal and informal learners, college instructors, researchers, and engineers throughout the academy, industry, government, regulatory, funding, and policy agencies. The supporting book website provides many examples, datasets, functional scripts, complete electronic notebooks, extensive appendices, and additional materials.

A state-of-the-art research monograph providing consistent treatment of supervisory control, by one of the world 's leading groups in the area of Bayesian identification, control, and decision making. An accompanying CD illustrates the book 's underlying theory.

For the introductory Data Structures course (CS2) that typically follows a first course in programming. This text continues to offer a thorough, well-organized, and up-to-date presentation of essential principles and practices in data structures using C++. Reflecting the newest trends in computer science, new and revised material throughout the Second Edition places increased emphasis on abstract data types (ADTs) and object-oriented design. \ To access the author's Companion Website, including Solutions Manual, for ADTS, Data Structures and Problem Solving with C++, please go to http://cs.calvin.edu/books/c++/ds/2e/ For other books by Larry Nyhoff, please go to www.prenhall.com/nyhoff

This book is an up-to-date documentation of the state of the art in combinatorial optimization, presenting approximate solutions of virtually all relevant classes of NP-hard optimization problems. The well-structured wealth of problems, algorithms, results, and techniques introduced systematically will make the book an indispensible source of reference for professionals. The smooth integration of numerous illustrations, examples, and exercises make this monograph an ideal textbook.

This monograph gives a thorough treatment of the celebrated compositions of signature and encryption that allow for verifiability, that is, to efficiently prove properties about the encrypted data. This study is provided in the context of two cryptographic primitives: (1) designated confirmer signatures, an opaque signature which was introduced to control the proliferation of certified copies of documents, and (2) signcryption, a primitive that offers privacy and authenticity at once in an efficient way. This book is a useful resource to researchers in cryptology and information security, graduate and PhD students, and security professionals.