This timely book considers the topical issue of the enlargement processes of the European Union and NATO. The contributors examine issues including: the dual enlargement process and German and Russian relationships with it; NATO and the pan-European security agenda; East European reactions to enlargement; and concepts of security in the new Europe. This book provides a cohesive overview of the pan-European security debate and is an essential resource for students and academics interested in the development of the European Union.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203469380

Contents:
1. Introduction: social exclusion, partnership and local governance - new problems, new policy discourses in the European Union John Benington and Mike Geddes
2. Social exclusion and partnership in the European Union Mike Geddes and John Benington
3. Partnerships against exclusion in a Nordic welfare state: a difficult mix? Mikko Kautto and Matti Heikkila
4. Local partnerships and social exclusion in France: experiences and ambiguities Patrick le Gales and Patricia Loncle-Moriceau
5. Grassroots local partnerships in Germany: instruments for social inclusion and economic integration? Karl Birkholzer and Gunter Lorenz
6. Catalysts for change? Public policy reform through local partnership in Ireland Jim Walsh
7. Partnership and local development in Portugal: from 'globalised localism' to a new form of collective action? Fernanda Rodrigues and Steven Stoer
8. A new approach to partnership: the Spanish case Jordi Estivill
9. Local partnership and social exclusion in the UK: a stake in the market? Mike Geddes
10. Partnerships as networked governance? Legitimation, innovation and problem solving John Benington
11. Local partnerships, welfare regimes and local governance: a process of regime restructuring? Mike Geddes and Patrick le Gales

It is universally accepted that there has been a huge growth in EU lobbying over the past few decades. There is now a dense EU interest group system. This entirely new volume, inspired by Mazey & Richardson's 1993 book Lobbying in the European Community, seeks to understand the role of interest groups in the policy process from agenda-setting to implementation. Specifically, the book is interested in observing how interest groups organize to influence the EU institutions and how they select different coalitions along the policy process and in different policy domains.
In looking at 20 years of change, the book captures processes of institutional and actor learning, professionalization of lobbying, and the possible emergence of a distinct EU public policy style. More specifically, from the actors' perspective, the editors are interested in assessing how the rise of direct lobbying and the emergence of fluid issue-based coalitions has changed the logic of collective action, and what is the potential impact of 'venue-shopping' on reputation and influence. From an institutional perspective, the contributors explore resource and legitimacy demands, and the practical impact of consultation processes on the emergence of a distinct EU lobbying relationship. It will be essential reading for academics and practitioners alike.

Integrating environmental policies into the policies of all other sectors is the core European environmental policy. But there has been no thorough investigation of the political process involved. This volume provides the first. It analyses the process of policy integration - the greening of public policy - across the relevant sectors and countries. It finds significant variation from sector to sector and from country to country, and analyses the reasons for this. (Surprisingly the UK, traditionally the 'dirty man' of Europe is far more actively engaged than environmental 'progressives' such as Germany.) It identifies the obstacles to integration and offers solutions for policy formulation, decision making and implementation at the relevant political levels.

In twenty years, there could be a European Federation, a United States of Europe, of which Britain would be a part, with Brussels as the capital. There will be a President of Europe and a European Government; the European Parliament will make laws and the European Court will give rulings. Britain will be a province of Europe, as it was in Roman times long ago. It is therefore vital to understand the nature and characteristics of the EU, to know what sort of entity it is.

The purpose of this book is to contribute towards such an understanding by scrutinizing the Union from the constitutional and legal angle. It looks, for instance, at whether the European Court behaves as a court ought to behave; at the problems caused by the vague and elastic nature of Community law; at whether the division of power between the Union and the Member States is based on any sort of principle, and, if so, whether that principle is consistently applied; at me enforcement of Community law and the problems caused by the different levels of compliance in different Member States; and, finally, at the issue of whether Member States have ceded their sovereignty. These issues raise questions which we must ask, and try to answer.

This book will be of interest not only to experts in Community law, but to all lawyers -- indeed, to non-lawyers as well -- who want to understand the Community. To make this possible, an introductory chapter has been added to provide the necessary background.

Issues in E.U. and U.S. Foreign Policy, edited by Munevver Cebeci, aims at analyzing the perceptions, interests, and policies of the EU and the US on various international issues. It portrays their convergences and divergences, and reflects on their interplay. The book has a geographical focus rather than a thematic one; however, some themes such as weapons of mass destruction, dual use technology transfer, energy security, and democratization, are unavoidable within their respective geographical contexts. For example, the authors inquire into the case of Iran with a special focus on nuclear proliferation; they investigate Russia with a significant emphasis on energy security; Iraq is examined with a discussion on the withdrawal of occupation troops; and, finally, the authors address the case of China with a debate on dual use technology transfer. Issues in European Union and U.S. Foreign Policy is composed of two parts: The first involves an inventive theoretical framework for understanding EU and US foreign policy. The analysis extends beyond traditional approaches that seek to explain US and EU foreign policy through various dichotomies such as soft power versus hard power without overlooking the significance of such dichotomies. This section further discusses how European and American scholars approach transatlantic relations in different ways. The second section covers an intensive comparative analysis of EU and US foreign policy on specific issue areas. Some chapters also deal with the impact of their policy divergences and convergences on transatlantic relations and NATO. Nevertheless, the book aims to go beyond the parochial debates of burden-sharing or division of labor in transatlantic relations. It focuses on and actually proposes a broader framework of cooperation and coordination for the EU and the US.

This is an overview of the interactions between the world's dominant country and the world's most developed institution. The book examines the major events in the history of US-EU relations, and suggests that changes in the international political economy play a key role in shaping this relationship: the US and the EU are in a constant state of competition and cooperation that varies by issue and policy area.

Contents:
List of illustrations, Notes on contributors. Preface. Introduction: integration and the politics of community in the New Europe Morten Kelstrup and Michael Williams 1.Europe is not where its supposed to be R.B.J. Walker 2.International theory and European integration Steve Smith 3.European communities in a neo-medieval global polity: the dilemmas of faliryland? N.J. Rennger 4.The art of war and the construction of peace: toward a virtual theory of international relations James Der Derian 5.Sovereignty, anarchy and law in Europe: when legal norms turn into political facts Marlene Wind 6.Gendered communitites: the ambiguous attraction of Europe Lene Hansen 7.Contested community: migration and the question of the political in the EU Jef Huysmans 8.When two become one: internal and external securitisations in Europe Didier Bigo 9.The European Central Bank and the problem of authority Randall D. Germain 10.'And never the twain shall meet?' The EU's quest for legitimacy and enlargement Lykke Friis and Anna Murphy 11.The EU as a secutiry actor: reflections from a pessimistic constructivist on post-soverign security orders Ole Waever Index.

Why is Germany? What is its place in a newly reorganised Europe? Can there be a "new Germany"? And if so, what would it be? After the crimes of the Nazis, the Cold War and the subsequent division of Germany, and the unification of Germany and of Europe, these questions are difficult and vital.

This volume of new work is not a collection by like-minded 'usual suspects'. Instead, the editors have brought together radically different viewpoints and concerns. Richard van Weizsäcker, former President of the Federal Republic of Germany, reflects on Goethe's legacy and the process of European union, while the filmaker Monika Treut addresses the fate of German cinema and the peril of 'international oblivion'. Writing on Berlin's new Jewish Museum and other memorials, the state of multiculturalism in Germany, or the future of German culture in a unified Europe, these voices lay before us the questions that face not only Germany but anyone concerned with Germany's history and the future of Europe.

Soon after the signing in January 1972 of Britain's Treaty of Acccession to the European Community, Sir Con O'Neill, a key figure in the events leading to its successful conclusion, was commissioned by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office to write an internal history of the preceding negotiations.
His account provides a detailed analysis of negotiations which had an impact on Britain's relations with its European neighbours, and insights into the processes of multilateral diplomacy.

Bethan Marshall traces the competing traditions of English teaching and considers their relevance to the current debate through an analysis of English teachers' views about themselves and their subject. The findings are based on a highly original research method in which teachers were asked to respond to and comment upon five different descriptions of their approaches to English teaching.
English Teachers - The Unofficial Guide:
*contextualises current debates about English teaching within the subject's contested history
*provides a vehicle for teachers to reflect on their own practice and locate themselves within the debate
*opens up the debate on assessment practices within English teaching.

Bethan Marshall traces the competing traditions of English teaching and considers their relevance to the current debate through an analysis of English teachers' views about themselves and their subject. The findings are based on a highly original research method in which teachers were asked to respond to and comment upon five different descriptions of their approaches to English teaching.
English Teachers - The Unofficial Guide:
*contextualises current debates about English teaching within the subject's contested history
*provides a vehicle for teachers to reflect on their own practice and locate themselves within the debate
*opens up the debate on assessment practices within English teaching.

The European Union (EU) has sought to establish itself as a global environmental leader but was hit by the combined effects of the economic and financial crisis from 2007-8 leading some to question whether the EU could continue to adopt ambitious environmental policy. This volume brings together leading environmental policy scholars to analyse the impacts of the crisis upon environmental policy in the EU and its member states. Authors analyse whether environmental policy has been dismantled, expanded or stayed the same. If policy has been dismantled, the kind of strategy adopted is analysed (active, symbolic, arena-shifting, or dismantling by default), and at what levels change has occurred. The Index of Policy Activity (IPA) is applied systematically across the cases, which combine quantitative with qualitative analysis. Non-European cases are also included to provide a counterpoint for comparison. The book finds that whilst the EU has not actively dismantled environmental policy, its economic policies have had negative effects upon some Member States, prompting policy dismantling. Climate and energy policies have seen some policy expansion but there are examples, most notably the UK, where there has also been active policy dismantling. The main trend is one of stasis - environmental policy in Europe is judged to have plateaued calling into question Europe's much-vaunted environmental leadership. The book contributes to scholarship on environmental policy and public administration, combining empirical and methodological insights to give an up to date perspective on the impact of crisis upon European environmental policy.

Jacques Delors became a household name during his decade as President of the European Commission. His conversion of the Commission presidency into a highly public and political role took many Euro-watchers by surprise. He acquired the image of a strong leader overstepping the boundaries of his formal authority, and his fame and notoriety quickly surpassed that of his predecessors. This study explores the combination of personal, political and other factors which lay behind the "Delors phenomenon" and assesses Delors' legacy for political leadership and institutional reform in the European Union. It addresses questions including the role of individual leaders in contemporary politics and the contested legitimacy of the EU as a political system. Drake traces the development of Delors' thinking and expertise on European integration, and draws on his public life after the European Commission for additional perspectives on his Commission presidency. Drawing on exclusive interviews with Delors, this comprehensive, accessibly written study of his life and Commission presidency should be a useful resource for students of all levels in European and French politics, as well as the general re

It is now widely accepted that transport is becoming increasingly unsustainable and that strong policy intervention is required to reduce both the growth in transport demand and the environmental costs of transport. This book challenges conventional approaches to transport by moving away from trend based analysis towards the use of scenarios to identify alternative sustainable transport futures. It both summaries the development of EU transport policy and presents a critique. The policy context is widened to include the global changes taking place in economics, society and technology. It develops new methodologies for policy making for the next 25 years.

This title was fist published in 2000: A fresh and original study of EU and NATO enlargement, which sets both in a comparative context and considers them against a backdrop of the evolution of a pan-European security community. The book is divided into two parts. In part one the authors examine and discuss the EU and NATO enlargement processes and the 'incremental linkage' which has developed between them. The major issues and challenges facing the two institutions as they ponder the next steps in enlargement are also assessed. Part two includes separate chapters on the post-Cold War evolution of the EU and NATO overall. These discussions focus on their strengths and limitations in contributing to the broader and more co-operative kind of European security which the end of the Cold War makes possible. The final chapters examine a number of possible scenarios under which the EU and NATO either succeed or fail in contributing significantly to the development of a new European security order.

Jacques Delors became a household name during his decade as President of the European Commission. His conversion of the Commission presidency into a highly public and political role took many Euro-watchers by surprise. He acquired the image of a strong leader overstepping the boundaries of his formal authority, and his fame and notoriety quickly surpassed that of his predecessors. This study explores the combination of personal, political and other factors which lay behind the "Delors phenomenon" and assesses Delors' legacy for political leadership and institutional reform in the European Union. It addresses questions including the role of individual leaders in contemporary politics and the contested legitimacy of the EU as a political system. Drake traces the development of Delors' thinking and expertise on European integration, and draws on his public life after the European Commission for additional perspectives on his Commission presidency. Drawing on exclusive interviews with Delors, this comprehensive, accessibly written study of his life and Commission presidency should be a useful resource for students of all levels in European and French politics, as well as the general re

Karen Alter's work on the European Court of Justice (ECJ) heralded a new level of sophistication in the political analysis of the controversial institution, through its combination of legal understanding and active engagement with theoretical questions. The European Court's Political Power assembles the most important of Alter's articles written over a fourteen year span, adding an original new introduction and conclusion taking an overview of the Court's development and current concerns.
Together the articles provide insight into the historical and political contours of the ECJ's influence on European politics, explaining how and why the same institution can have such a varying impact across time and issue area. The book starts with the European Coal and Steel Community, where the ECJ was largely unable to facilitate greater member state respect for ECSC rules. Alter then shows how legal actors orchestrated an activist transformation of the European legal system-with the critical aid of jurist advocacy movements, and via the co-optation national courts. The transformation of the European legal system wrested from member states control over the meaning of European law, but the ECJ continues to have differential influence across issue area. Alter explains that different influence of the ECJ comes from the varied extent to which sub and supra-national actors turn to the ECJ to achieve political objectives.
Looking beyond the European experience, the book includes four chapters that put the ECJ into a comparative perspective, examining the extent to which the ECJ experience is unique, or a harbinger of the future role international courts may play in international and comparative politics.

The development of the European Union has been one of the most profound advances in European politics and society this century. Yet the institutions of Europe and the 'Eurocrats' who work in them have constantly attracted negative publicity, culminating in the mass resignation of the European Commissioners in March 1999. In this revealing study, Cris Shore scrutinises the process of European integration using the techniques of anthropology, and drawing on thought from across the social sciences. Using the findings of numerous interviews with EU employees, he reveals that there is not just a subculture of corruption within the institutions of Europe, but that their problems are largely a result of the way the EU itself is constituted and run. He argues that European integration has largely failed in bringing about anything but an ever-closer integration of the technical, political and financial elites of Europe - at the expense of its ordinary citizens. This critical anthropology of European integration is essential reading for anyone with an interest in the culture and politics of the EU.

Author Biography:
John Franceschina is Associate Professor of Drama at Pennsylvania State University.

This book draws on critical theory to introduce readers to ways of exploring questions about the EU from a political economy perspective, questions like: -Does the EU help or hinder Europe's 'social models' to face the challenges of globalization? - Does the EU represent a break from Europe's imperial past? - What were the causes of the Eurozone crisis?

The book is one of the few in-depth investigations into the nature of EU legal translation and its impact on national legal languages. It is also the first attempt to characterise EU Polish, a language of supranational law and a hybrid variant of legal Polish emerging via translation. The book applies Chesterman's concept of textual fit, that is how translations differ from non-translations, to demonstrate empirically on large corpora how the Polish eurolect departs from the conventions of legal and general Polish both at the macrostructural and microstructural level. The findings are juxtaposed with the pre-accession version of Polish law to track the 'Europeanisation' of legal Polish - recent changes brought about by the unprecedented inflow of EU translations.

This book provides a new understanding of the eurozone crisis across three of the worst hit cases: Greece, Portugal, and Ireland. In contrast to accounts which stress the 'immaturity' of the European 'periphery', as well as more critical narratives that understand these countries as victims of German and core 'economic domination', this book recognises that individual peripheral countries have followed dramatically different paths to crisis, making it difficult to speak of the eurozone crisis as a single phenomenon. Bringing literature from Comparative Political Economy into dialogue with scholarship on Europeanisation, this book contributes the concept of 'divergence via Europeanisation'. It explores the much-overlooked ways in which the negotiation of a 'one size fits all' project of European financial integration has been generative of precarious patterns of economic growth across Greece, Portugal, and Ireland. The book shows that far from their failure or inability to do so, it has been the European periphery's attempt to 'follow the rules' of European integration that explains their current difficulties. This novel understanding of the eurozone crisis should appeal to students and scholars in International Political Economy, European and European Union Studies, Comparative Political Economy, Irish Politics, Greek Politics, and Portuguese Politics.

Parliamentary party groups are central actors in most European democracies. This volume analyzes the manifestations and operations of these actors across thirteen different countries and in the European parliament. The partisan groups in parliament form the link between mass suffrage, parties and parliaments, and are generally accepted today as necessary instruments of parliamentary business. The study of parliamentary party groups (PPGs) is connected with our understanding of liberal, representative democracy. Moreover, debates about the contempt and apathy towards contemporary politics and politicians, in which the alleged gap between voters and representatives, a decline in trust in the political elite, and complaints about partitocrazia prominently figure, have put PPGs in the limelight. How do MPs deal with the tension between being a representative of the people and a member of a political party? And how do they fulful their task to control government when fellow partisans are participating in that government? This book reveals that PPGs have increasing importance. The "parliamentary party complexes", resulting from the growing generosity of the state, and the

Europe Since 1945 is an exciting new survey of the history of Europe since the end of World War Two. In the second half of the twentieth century Europe has known a period of peace and stability unprecedented in its history and virtually unparalleled in the rest of the world. Europe explains the reasons for this state of affairs.
Thought- provoking and wide ranging, this book discusses political, economic, social and cultural change in modern Europe. Covering both Western and Eastern Europe comprehensively and featuring extensive analysis of the 1990s, this book includes examination of:
* the Cold War
* War at the edges - Northern Ireland and Yugoslavia
* the European Union
* the issues of Nationalism
* the end of the dictatorships
* economic prosperity, the EEC and the Euro
* the break-up of the European Empires and the consequences.