Sacred Geometry exists all around us in the natural world, from the unfurling of a rose bud to the pattern of a tortoise shell, the sub-atomic to the galactic. A pure expression of number and form, it is the language of creation and navigates the unseen dimensions beyond our three-dimensional reality. Since its discovery, humans have found many ways - stone circles, mandalas, labyrinths, temples- to call upon this universal law as a way of raising consciousness and communicating with a divine source. By becoming aware of the dots and lines that build the world around you, Sacred Geometry will teach you how to bring this mystical knowledge into your daily practice.

The AMS now makes available this succinct and quite elegant research monograph written by Fields Medalist and eminent researcher, Laurent Lafforgue. The material is an outgrowth of Lafforgue's lectures and seminar at the Centre de Recherches Mathematiques (University of Montreal, QC, Canada), where he held the 2001-2002 Aisenstadt Chair. In the book, he addresses an important recurrent theme of modern mathematics: the various compactifications of moduli spaces, which have a large number of applications.This book treats the case of thin Schubert varieties, which are natural subvarieties of Grassmannians. He was led to these questions by a particular case linked to his work on the Langlands program. In this monograph, he develops the theory in a more systematic way, which exhibits strong similarities with the case of moduli of stable curves. Prerequisites are minimal and include basic algebraic geometry, and standard facts about Grassmann varieties, their Plucker embeddings, and toric varieties. The book is suitable for advanced graduate students and research mathematicians interested in the classification of moduli spaces.

The study of geometry is at least 2500 years old, and it is within this field that the concept of mathematical proof - deductive reasoning from a set of axioms - first arose. To this day geometry remains a very active area of research in mathematics. This Very Short Introduction covers the areas of mathematics falling under geometry, starting with topics such as Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries, and ranging to curved spaces, projective geometry in Renaissance art, and geometry of space-time inside a black hole. Starting from the basics, Maciej Dunajski proceeds from concrete examples (of mathematical objects like Platonic solids, or theorems like the Pythagorean theorem) to general principles. Throughout, he outlines the role geometry plays in the broader context of science and art. Very Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, Inspiring ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

This book provides an enquiry-based introduction to advanced Euclidean geometry. It utilises the dynamic geometry program GeoGebra to explore many of the most interesting theorems in the subject. Topics covered include triangle centres, inscribed, circumscribed and escribed circles, medial and orthic triangles, the nine-point circle, the theorems of Ceva and Menelaus, and many applications. The final chapter explores constructions in the Poincare disk model for hyperbolic geometry. The book can be used either as a computer laboratory manual to supplement an undergraduate course or as a stand-alone introduction to advanced topics in Euclidean geometry. The exposition consists almost entirely of exercises (with hints) that guide students as they discover the geometric relationships for themselves. The ideas are first explored at the computer and then assembled into a proof of the result under investigation, allowing readers to experience the joy of discovery and develop a deeper appreciation for the subject.

The marriage of analytic power to geometric intuition drives many of today's mathematical advances, yet books that build the connection from an elementary level remain scarce. This engaging introduction to geometric measure theory bridges analysis and geometry, taking readers from basic theory to some of the most celebrated results in modern analysis. The theory of sets of finite perimeter provides a simple and effective framework. Topics covered include existence, regularity, analysis of singularities, characterization and symmetry results for minimizers in geometric variational problems, starting from the basics about Hausdorff measures in Euclidean spaces and ending with complete proofs of the regularity of area-minimizing hypersurfaces up to singular sets of codimension 8. Explanatory pictures, detailed proofs, exercises and remarks providing heuristic motivation and summarizing difficult arguments make this graduate-level textbook suitable for self-study and also a useful reference for researchers. Readers require only undergraduate analysis and basic measure theory.

This book is based on a capstone course that the author taught to upper division undergraduate students with the goal to explain and visualize the connections between different areas of mathematics and the way different subject matters flow from one another. In teaching his readers a variety of problem solving techniques as well, the author succeeds in enhancing the readers' hands on knowledge of mathematics and provides glimpses into the world of research and discovery. The connections between different techniques and areas of mathematics are emphasized throughout and constitute one of the most important lessons this book attempts to impart. This book is interesting and accessible to anyone with a basic knowledge of high school mathematics and a curiosity about research mathematics. The author is a professor at the University of Missouri and has maintained a keen interest in teaching at different levels since his undergraduate days at the University of Chicago. He has run numerous summer programs in mathematics for local high school students and undergraduate students at his university.The author gets much of his research inspiration from his teaching activities and looks forward to exploring this wonderful and rewarding symbiosis for years to come.

Nearly a century before Mondrian made geometrical red, yellow, and blue lines famous, 19th-century mathematician Oliver Byrne employed the color scheme for his 1847 edition of Euclid's mathematical and geometric treatise Elements. Byrne's idea was to use color to make learning easier and "diffuse permanent knowledge." The result has been described as one of the oddest and most beautiful books of the 19th century. The facsimile of Byrne's vivid publication is now available in a beautiful new edition. A masterwork of art and science, it is as beautiful in the boldness of its red, yellow, and blue figures and diagrams as it is in the mathematical precision of its theories. In the simplicity of forms and colors, the pages anticipate the vigor of De Stijl and Bauhaus design. In making complex information at once accessible and aesthetically engaging, this work is a forerunner to the information graphics that today define much of our data consumption.

The book describes how curvature measures can be introduced for certain classes of sets with singularities in Euclidean spaces. Its focus lies on sets with positive reach and some extensions, which include the classical polyconvex sets and piecewise smooth submanifolds as special cases. The measures under consideration form a complete system of certain Euclidean invariants. Techniques of geometric measure theory, in particular, rectifiable currents are applied, and some important integral-geometric formulas are derived. Moreover, an approach to curvatures for a class of fractals is presented, which uses approximation by the rescaled curvature measures of small neighborhoods. The book collects results published during the last few decades in a nearly comprehensive way.

Originally published in 1915, this book contains an English translation of a reconstructed version of Euclid's study of divisions of geometric figures, which survives only partially and in only one Arabic manuscript. Archibald also gives an introduction to the text, its transmission in an Arabic version and its possible connection with Fibonacci's Practica geometriae. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in Greek mathematics, the history of science or the reconstruction of ancient texts.

After studying both classics and mathematics at the University of Cambridge, Sir Thomas Little Heath (1861-1940) used his time away from his job as a civil servant to publish many works on the subject of ancient mathematics, both popular and academic. First published in 1926 as the second edition of a 1908 original, this book contains the first volume of his three-volume English translation of the thirteen books of Euclid's Elements, covering Books One and Two. This detailed text will be of value to anyone with an interest in Greek geometry and the history of mathematics.

After studying both classics and mathematics at the University of Cambridge, Sir Thomas Little Heath (1861-1940) used his time away from his job as a civil servant to publish many works on the subject of ancient mathematics, both popular and academic. First published in 1926 as the second edition of a 1908 original, this book contains the second volume of his three-volume English translation of the thirteen books of Euclid's Elements, covering Books Three to Nine. This detailed text will be of value to anyone with an interest in Greek geometry and the history of mathematics.

After studying both classics and mathematics at the University of Cambridge, Sir Thomas Little Heath (1861-1940) used his time away from his job as a civil servant to publish many works on the subject of ancient mathematics, both popular and academic. First published in 1926 as the second edition of a 1908 original, this book contains the third and final volume of his three-volume English translation of the thirteen books of Euclid's Elements, covering Books Ten to Thirteen. This detailed text will be of value to anyone with an interest in Greek geometry and the history of mathematics.

Thomas Cecil is a math professor with an unrivalled grasp of Lie Sphere Geometry. Here, he provides a clear and comprehensive modern treatment of the subject, as well as its applications to the study of Euclidean submanifolds. It begins with the construction of the space of spheres, including the fundamental notions of oriented contact, parabolic pencils of spheres, and Lie sphere transformations. This new edition contains revised sections on taut submanifolds, compact proper Dupin submanifolds, reducible Dupin submanifolds, and the cyclides of Dupin. Completely new material on isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres and Dupin hypersurfaces with three and four principal curvatures is also included. The author surveys the known results in these fields and indicates directions for further research and wider application of the methods of Lie sphere geometry.

This book provides an introduction to Riemannian geometry, the geometry of curved spaces, for use in a graduate course. Requiring only an understanding of differentiable manifolds, the author covers the introductory ideas of Riemannian geometry followed by a selection of more specialized topics. Also featured are Notes and Exercises for each chapter, to develop and enrich the reader's appreciation of the subject. This second edition, first published in 2006, has a clearer treatment of many topics than the first edition, with new proofs of some theorems and a new chapter on the Riemannian geometry of surfaces. The main themes here are the effect of the curvature on the usual notions of classical Euclidean geometry, and the new notions and ideas motivated by curvature itself. Completely new themes created by curvature include the classical Rauch comparison theorem and its consequences in geometry and topology, and the interaction of microscopic behavior of the geometry with the macroscopic structure of the space.

This book, first published in 2004, is a genuine introduction to the geometry of lines and conics in the Euclidean plane. Lines and circles provide the starting point, with the classical invariants of general conics introduced at an early stage, yielding a broad subdivision into types, a prelude to the congruence classification. A recurring theme is the way in which lines intersect conics. From single lines one proceeds to parallel pencils, leading to midpoint loci, axes and asymptotic directions. Likewise, intersections with general pencils of lines lead to the central concepts of tangent, normal, pole and polar. The treatment is example based and self contained, assuming only a basic grounding in linear algebra. With numerous illustrations and several hundred worked examples and exercises, this book is ideal for use with undergraduate courses in mathematics, or for postgraduates in the engineering and physical sciences.

This book offers a guided tour of geometry from euclid through to algebraic geometry. It shows how mathematicians use a variety of techniques to tackle problems , and it links geometry to other branches of mathematics. Many problems and examples are included to aid understanding.

This book aims to be a concise introduction to topics in commutative algebra, with an emphasis on worked examples and applications. It combines elegant algebraic theory with applications to number theory, problems in classical Greek geometry, and the theory of finite fields which has important uses in other branches of science. Topics covered include rings and Euclidean rings, the four-squares theorem, fields and field extensions, finite cyclic groups and finite fields. The material covered in this book prepares the way for the further study of abstract algebra, but it could also form the basis of an entire course.

This text brings together the many strands of contemporary research in quasicrystal geometry and weaves them into a coherent whole. The author describes the historical and scientific context of this work, and carefully explains what has been proved and what is conjectured. This, together with a bibliography of over 250 references, provides a background for further study. The discovery in 1984 of crystals with forbidden symmetry posed fascinating and challenging problems in many fields of mathematics, as well as in the solid state sciences. Increasingly, mathematicians and physicists are becoming intrigued by the quasicrystal phenomenon, and the result has been an exponential growth in the literature on the geometry of diffraction patterns, the behaviour of the Fibonacci and other nonperiodic sequences, and the fascinating properties of the Penrose tilings and their many relatives. In this monograph, Marjorie Senechal gives us insight into what happened when established ideas had to be re-examined, modified or overturned.

Trigonometry has always been an underappreciated branch of mathematics. It has a reputation as a dry and difficult subject, a glorified form of geometry complicated by tedious computation. In this book, Eli Maor draws on his remarkable talents as a guide to the world of numbers to dispel that view. Rejecting the usual arid descriptions of sine, cosine, and their trigonometric relatives, he brings the subject to life in a compelling blend of history, biography, and mathematics. He presents both a survey of the main elements of trigonometry and a unique account of its vital contribution to science and social development. Woven together in a tapestry of entertaining stories, scientific curiosities, and educational insights, the book more than lives up to the title "Trigonometric Delights."

Maor, whose previous books have demystified the concept of infinity and the unusual number "e," begins by examining the "proto-trigonometry" of the Egyptian pyramid builders. He shows how Greek astronomers developed the first true trigonometry. He traces the slow emergence of modern, analytical trigonometry, recounting its colorful origins in Renaissance Europe's quest for more accurate artillery, more precise clocks, and more pleasing musical instruments. Along the way, we see trigonometry at work in, for example, the struggle of the famous mapmaker Gerardus Mercator to represent the curved earth on a flat sheet of paper; we see how M. C. Escher used geometric progressions in his art; and we learn how the toy Spirograph uses epicycles and hypocycles.

Maor also sketches the lives of some of the intriguing figures who have shaped four thousand years of trigonometric history. We meet, for instance, the Renaissance scholar Regiomontanus, who is rumored to have been poisoned for insulting a colleague, and Maria Agnesi, an eighteenth-century Italian genius who gave up mathematics to work with the poor--but not before she investigated a special curve that, due to mistranslation, bears the unfortunate name "the witch of Agnesi." The book is richly illustrated, including rare prints from the author's own collection. "Trigonometric Delights" will change forever our view of a once dreaded subject.

This text is a careful introduction to geometry. While developing geometry, the book also emphasizes the links between geometry and other branches of pure and applied mathematics.

The differential geometry of curves and surfaces in Euclidean space has fascinated mathematicians since the time of Newton. Here the authors take a novel approach by casting the theory into a new light, that of singularity theory. The second edition of this successful textbook has been thoroughly revised throughout and includes a multitude of new exercises and examples. A new final chapter has been added that covers recently developed techniques in the classification of functions of several variables, a subject central to many applications of singularity theory. Also in this second edition are new sections on the Morse lemma and the classification of plane curve singularities. The only prerequisites for students to follow this textbook are a familiarity with linear algebra and advanced calculus. Thus it will be invaluable for anyone who would like an introduction to the modern theories of catastrophes and singularities.

This volume offers an expanded version of lectures given at the Courant Institute on the theory of Sobolev spaces on Riemannian manifolds. 'Several surprising phenomena appear when studying Sobolev spaces on manifolds,' according to the author. 'Questions that are elementary for Euclidean space become challenging and give rise to sophisticated mathematics, where the geometry of the manifold plays a central role.' The volume is organized into nine chapters. Chapter 1 offers a brief introduction to differential and Riemannian geometry. Chapter 2 deals with the general theory of Sobolev spaces for compact manifolds. Chapter 3 presents the general theory of Sobolev spaces for complete, noncompact manifolds. Best constants problems for compact manifolds are discussed in Chapters 4 and 5.Chapter 6 presents special types of Sobolev inequalities under constraints. Best constants problems for complete noncompact manifolds are discussed in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 deals with Euclidean-type Sobolev inequalities. And Chapter 9 discusses the influence of symmetries on Sobolev embeddings. An appendix offers brief notes on the case of manifolds with boundaries. This topic is a field undergoing great development at this time. However, several important questions remain open. So a substantial part of the book is devoted to the concept of best constants, which appeared to be crucial for solving limiting cases of some classes of PDEs. The volume is highly self-contained. No familiarity is assumed with differentiable manifolds and Riemannian geometry, making the book accessible to a broad audience of readers, including graduate students and researchers.

Twentieth-century developments in logic and mathematics have led many people to view Euclid's proofs as inherently informal, especially due to the use of diagrams in proofs. In "Euclid and His Twentieth-Century Rivals," Nathaniel Miller discusses the history of diagrams in Euclidean Geometry, develops a formal system for working with them, and concludes that they can indeed be used rigorously. Miller also introduces a diagrammatic computer proof system, based on this formal system. This volume will be of interest to mathematicians, computer scientists, and anyone interested in the use of diagrams in geometry.

This book provides an introduction to Riemannian geometry, the geometry of curved spaces, for use in a graduate course. Requiring only an understanding of differentiable manifolds, the author covers the introductory ideas of Riemannian geometry followed by a selection of more specialized topics. Also featured are Notes and Exercises for each chapter, to develop and enrich the reader's appreciation of the subject. This second edition, first published in 2006, has a clearer treatment of many topics than the first edition, with new proofs of some theorems and a new chapter on the Riemannian geometry of surfaces. The main themes here are the effect of the curvature on the usual notions of classical Euclidean geometry, and the new notions and ideas motivated by curvature itself. Completely new themes created by curvature include the classical Rauch comparison theorem and its consequences in geometry and topology, and the interaction of microscopic behavior of the geometry with the macroscopic structure of the space.

Easy-to-follow descriptions of how all the known regular polyhedra and some of the stellated polyhedra may be constructed, carefully illustrated with drawings and photographs.