This first complete English language edition of "Euclides
vindicatus" presents a corrected and revised edition of the
classical English translation of Saccheri's text by G.B. Halsted.
It is complemented with a historical introduction on the
geometrical environment of the time and a detailed commentary that
helps to understand the aims and subtleties of the work.""
"Euclides vindicatus, " written by the Jesuit mathematician
Gerolamo Saccheri, was published in Milan in 1733. In it, Saccheri
attempted to reform elementary geometry in two important
directions: a demonstration of the famous Parallel Postulate and
the theory of proportions. Both topics were of pivotal importance
in the mathematics of the time. In particular, the Parallel
Postulate had escaped demonstration since the first attempts at it
in the Classical Age, and several books on the topic were published
in the Early Modern Age. At the same time, the theory of proportion
was the most important mathematical tool of the Galilean School in
its pursuit of the mathematization of nature. Saccheri's attempt to
prove the Parallel Postulate is today considered the most important
breakthrough in geometry in the 18th century, as he was able to
develop for hundreds of pages and dozens of theorems a system in
geometry that denied the truth of the postulate (in the attempt to
find a contradiction). This can be regarded as the first system of
non-Euclidean geometry. Its later developments by Lambert, Bolyai,
Lobachevsky and Gauss eventually opened the way to contemporary
geometry.Occupying a unique position in the literature of
mathematical history, "Euclid Vindicated from Every Blemish" will
be of high interest to historians of mathematics as well as
historians of philosophy interested in the development of
non-Euclidean geometries.
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