This project was carried out by the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE) and was supported by the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) Science and Technology Directorate and the United States Fire Administration (USFA). SFPE is an engineering association for advancing the science and practice of fire protection engineering. Water supply is an important subject to the fire service, fire protection engineers, and city managers. These manuals (volumes I & II) are intended to provide a reference for concepts and terminology to facilitate communication and understanding among these organizations.

The use of halon 1301 for fire fighting is being phased out due to its deleterious effects on stratospheric ozone. This report summarizes the findings of a three year study designed to characterize and identify super-effective thermal fire-fighting agents as possible replacements for these widely used compounds. Four distinct aspects related to the effectiveness of potential thermal agents have been considered. First, existing thermodynamic databases maintained by NIST have been searched in order to identify chemical compounds which are predicted to extract large amounts of heat from a combustion zone. Second, two liquids that were identified as being particularly interesting during the database search were tested experimentally for their extinguishing effectiveness. Third, detailed chemical-kinetic modeling and experimental studies of extinguishing volume fractions in simple flame systems were employed to improve the understanding of the effects of thermal agents on diffusion flames. Fourth, empirical heat transfer correlations for spray cooling of a surface were used to estimate the efficiencies of surface cooling by thermal agents. The database searches used two primary sources -- the Design Institute for Physical Properties database containing 1458 compounds from 83 family types and a smaller database, REFPROP, containing 43 compounds which is tailored to refrigerant applications. Additional substances were included that are not well represented in these databases. Compounds having high 1) heats of vaporization, 2) liquid-phase heat capacities, and 3) total heat absorption due to phase changes (if applicable), heating of a liquid (if applicable), and the heating of the gas phase to combustion temperatures were identified. The results are reported in tables of compounds ordered in terms of their ability to extract heat. The following recommendations are made based on the findings of the study: 1. The effectiveness of HFE7100 as a fire-extinguishing agent should be tested on full-scale simulations of aircraft fires. 2. Additional studies of the effectiveness of fire extinguishing agents released as liquids should be performed with a focus on confirming and understanding their enhanced performance relative to that expected based on simple heat extraction. 3. Experiments should be designed and performed with a goal of better understanding the interactions of liquid agent droplets with heated and reacting surfaces. Such an understanding is needed to better predict the effectiveness of liquid agents and could lead to improved approaches for delivering such agents to a fire.

In April of 1999, the North American Coalition for Fire and Life Safety Education conducted a symposium to examine fire safety challenges of those who cannot take life saving action, in a timely manner, in the event of a fire; specifically young children (under five), older adults (over sixty-five), and people with disabilities. The symposium was conducted in Washington, D.C. The following report represents the suggested "solutions" formulated by the attendees. It is important to note that they intend to address "shared responsibilities" of both fire service representatives and representatives of the advocacy groups.

This body of work provides detailed information on the nature of the fire problem for policymakers who must decide on allocations of resources between fire and other pressing problems, and within the fire service to improve codes and code enforcement, training, public fire education, building technology, and other related areas.

This handbook is designed to serve as a compendium of basic information about the tools and techniques of fire investigation.

This body of work provides detailed information on the nature of the fire problem for policymakers who must decide on allocations of resources between fire and other pressing problems, and within the fire service to improve codes and code enforcement, training, public fire education, building technology, and other related areas.

This body of work provides detailed information on the nature of the fire problem for policymakers who must decide on allocations of resources between fire and other pressing problems, and within the fire service to improve codes and code enforcement, training, public fire education, building technology, and other related areas.

A literature-based study was conducted at the Building and Fire Research Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, to compare characteristics and usage of steel, copper, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride and polybutylene fire sprinkler pipe primarily related to residential and light hazard installations. This report addresses key variables such as material properties, usage criteria and limitations, system design, installation requirements, economics, and maintenance.

This body of work provides detailed information on the nature of the fire problem for policymakers who must decide on allocations of resources between fire and other pressing problems, and within the fire service to improve codes and code enforcement, training, public fire education, building technology, and other related areas.

This body of work provides detailed information on the nature of the fire problem for policymakers who must decide on allocations of resources between fire and other pressing problems, and within the fire service to improve codes and code enforcement, training, public fire education, building technology, and other related areas.

This body of work provides detailed information on the nature of the fire problem for policymakers who must decide on allocations of resources between fire and other pressing problems, and within the fire service to improve codes and code enforcement, training, public fire education, building technology, and other related areas.

This body of work provides detailed information on the nature of the fire problem for policymakers who must decide on allocations of resources between fire and other pressing problems, and within the fire service to improve codes and code enforcement, training, public fire education, building technology, and other related areas.

This report was developed through a cooperative agreement between the USFA and the International Fire service Training Association (IFSTA) at Oklahoma State University (OSU).

The purpose of this manual is to assist fire service leaders in examining the future, the role of the fire service in that future, and ways to "get there from here." It is designed to provide a fire chief, a public information officer, and other leaders in the fire service with guidance and tips on marketing a department and its services to the local customers: the citizens and organization served gy the department

S. Dixon & Son, Limited was one of the United Kingdom's most prominent suppliers of firefighting equipment. Originally founded in 1730 by Sam Dixon in Wolverhampton, England, Dixon's original focus was the brass and tube trade. The company later moved to Swinegate. Beginning about 1825 it had a rare distinction, in that it was owned and managed by a woman - Mrs. Sarah Dixon. This Dixon Catalog dates to the period 1929-1930 and features the company's full line of equipment. This includes hose, hose couplings and appliances, fire valves and standpipes, hydrants and surface boxes, water piping, fireman's tools and clothing, hand lamps, gongs, bells, whistles and fire alarms, hand extinguishers and buckets, carts, ladders and escapes, fire boat fittings and breathing appliances. It also features three fire engines made by Dennis Brothers, Ltd. A fascinating look at cutting-edge fire fighting apparatus from the early 20th Century, this catalog is a wonderful resource for the museum docent, historian, collector or anyone who ever wondered "what was it like back then?"

Experiments conducted in a Toledo Ohio school are used to examine the use of signals from simulated heat detectors by incident command. Two approaches are examined. The first is to use the signal from ceiling mounted thermocouples to deduce conditions in the fire room and hallway. The second approach is to process these signals using the Sensor-Driven Fire Model to provide additional information to incident command.

This report is part of a series of reports on technical rescue incidents across the United States. The investigation report provides detailed information about the magnitude and nature of the incident; how the response to the incident was carried out and managed; the impact of the incident on emergency responders and the emergency response systems in the community; and the lessons learned.

This report is part of a series of reports on technical rescue incidents across the United States. The investigation report provides detailed information about the magnitude and nature of the incident; how the response to the incident was carried out and managed; the impact of the incident on emergency responders and the emergency response systems in the community; and the lessons learned.

This report continues a series of annual studies by the USFA of on-duty firefighter fatalities in the United States. The USFA is the single public agency source of information for all on-duty firefighter fatalities in the United States each year. The unique and specific objective of this study is to identify all on-duty firefighter fatalities that occurred in the United States and its protectorates in 2005, and to present in summary form the circumstances surrounding each occurrence. The study is intended to help identify approaches that could reduce the number of firefighter deaths in future years. In addition to the 2005 overall findings, this study includes information on firefighter accountability programs.

This study analyzed the use of sprinklered and non-sprinklered fire protection options in existing small Board and Care homes.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the circumstances surrounding fire fighter fatalities in the United States in 1987 in an attempt to identify potential means for reducing the number of deaths that occur each year. In addition to the 1987 findings, this study will also include special analyses of particular recurring scenarios, using NFPA's data base of fire fighter fatalities from 1978 through 1987.

This body of work provides detailed information on the nature of the fire problem for policymakers who must decide on allocations of resources between fire and other pressing problems, and within the fire service to improve codes and code enforcement, training, public fire education, building technology, and other related areas.

The purposes of this report include: 1- documenting all fatal crashes involving fire department tankers since 1990; 2- analyzing the causes and common factors associated with these crashes; 3- highlighting pertinent case histories that show examples of the problem; 4- providing information on reducing the frequency of these crashes and minimizing their severity/impact when unavoidable crashes occur; and 5- providing example procedures and checklists to assist departments in reducing the likelihood of tanker crashes.