This volume presents 38 classic texts in formal epistemology, and strengthens the ties between research into this area of philosophy and its neighbouring intellectual disciplines. The editors provide introductions to five subsections: Bayesian Epistemology, Belief Change, Decision Theory, Interactive Epistemology and Epistemic Logic. 'Formal epistemology' is a term coined in the late 1990s for a new constellation of interests in philosophy, the origins of which are found in earlier works of epistemologists, philosophers of science and logicians. It addresses a growing agenda of problems concerning knowledge, belief, certainty, rationality, deliberation, decision, strategy, action and agent interaction - and it does so using methods from logic, probability, computability, decision and game theory. The volume also includes a thorough index and suggestions for further reading, and thus offers a complete teaching and research package for students as well as research scholars of formal epistemology, philosophy, logic, computer science, theoretical economics and cognitive psychology.

Requirements Management has proven itself to be an enormous potential for the optimization of development projects throughout the last few years. Especially in the climate of an increasingly competitive market Requirements Management helps in carrying out developments faster, cheaper and with a higher quality.

This book focuses on the interfaces of Requirements Management to the other disciplines of Systems Engineering, for example Project Management, Change Management and Configuration and Version Management.

To this end, an introduction into Requirements Management and Requirements Development is given, along with a short sketch of Systems Engineering, and especially the necessary inputs and resulting outputs of Requirements Management are explained. Using these flows of information it is shown how Requirements Management can support and optimize the other project disciplines and how very important therefore a functioning Requirements Management is for all areas of development.

This book will help organizations who have implemented or are considering implementing Microsoft Dynamics achieve a better result.

It presents Regatta Dynamics, a methodology developed by the authors for the structured implementation of Microsoft Dynamics. From A-to-Z, it details the full implementation process, emphasizing the organizational component of the implementation process and the cohesion with functional and technical processes.

This unique text/reference presents a thorough introduction to the field of structural pattern recognition, with a particular focus on graph edit distance (GED). The book also provides a detailed review of a diverse selection of novel methods related to GED, and concludes by suggesting possible avenues for future research. Topics and features: formally introduces the concept of GED, and highlights the basic properties of this graph matching paradigm; describes a reformulation of GED to a quadratic assignment problem; illustrates how the quadratic assignment problem of GED can be reduced to a linear sum assignment problem; reviews strategies for reducing both the overestimation of the true edit distance and the matching time in the approximation framework; examines the improvement demonstrated by the described algorithmic framework with respect to the distance accuracy and the matching time; includes appendices listing the datasets employed for the experimental evaluations discussed in the book.

This volume is dedicated to Leo Esakia's contributions to the theory of modal and intuitionistic systems. Consisting of 10 chapters, written by leading experts, this volume discusses Esakia s original contributions and consequent developments that have helped to shape duality theory for modal and intuitionistic logics and to utilize it to obtain some major results in the area.

Beginning with a chapter which explores Esakia duality for S4-algebras, the volume goes on to explore Esakia duality for Heyting algebras and its generalizations to weak Heyting algebras and implicative semilattices. The book also dives into the Blok-Esakia theorem and provides an outline of the intuitionistic modal logic KM which is closely related to the Godel-Lob provability logic GL. One chapter scrutinizes Esakia s work interpreting modal diamond as the derivative of a topological space within the setting of point-free topology. The final chapter in the volume is dedicated to the derivational semantics of modal logic and other related issues."

In this book, we study theoretical and practical aspects of computing methods for mathematical modelling of nonlinear systems. A number of computing techniques are considered, such as methods of operator approximation with any given accuracy; operator interpolation techniques including a non-Lagrange interpolation; methods of system representation subject to constraints associated with concepts of causality, memory and stationarity; methods of system representation with an accuracy that is the best within a given class of models; methods of covariance matrix estimation;
methods for low-rank matrix approximations; hybrid methods based on a combination of iterative procedures and best operator approximation; and
methods for information compression and filtering under condition that a filter model should satisfy restrictions associated with causality and different types of memory.
As a result, the book represents a blend of new methods in general computational analysis,
and specific, but also generic, techniques for study of systems theory ant its particular
branches, such as optimal filtering and information compression.
- Best operator approximation,
- Non-Lagrange interpolation,
- Generic Karhunen-Loeve transform
- Generalised low-rank matrix approximation
- Optimal data compression
- Optimal nonlinear filtering

The most significant articles from each of the fields represented at the conference on Work with Display Units 1992 are presented in this volume. Such topics are:

- The newest occupational health research results, partially backed by extensive epidemiological studies, concerning radiation, eye fatigue, stressors and diseases of the musculoskeletal apparatus and the medical surveillance of workers with display units.

- Ergonomic studies pertaining to design improvements.

- Support of the human operator by intelligent user surfaces and interfaces, demonstrated by experimental results.

- The latest developments in input devices including virtual reality as well as multi-media, multi-screen and multi-language human computer interaction.

- Concepts of group work and organizational stress in combination with its psychophysical and psychophysiological evaluation, especially the problem of stress-strain regulation, adaptation and long-term effects on recovery and recreation.

- Discussion of hypertext and hypermedia as well as applications of computer aided techniques for knowledge acquisition, knowledge structuring and knowledge use for decisions and working processes in different contexts.

- New organizational concepts such as Chaos Theory and new methods of work design in industry such as Kansei Engineering.

- Discussion of the International Standardization and EC regulations.

In recent years there has been an explosion of research into linear programming, as well as further steady advances in integer programming. This research has been reported in the research literature but there has been little done from the view of a "combined whole". This book aims to overcome this. With an international authorship of contributors from acknowledged experts in their field, this book provides a clear exposition on such topics as simplex algorithms, and interior point algorithms, both from a theoretical and a computational viewpoint. Surveying recent research that is currently only available in journals this topical book will be of interest not only in the field of mathematics, but also in computer science and operations research as well.

The electronics and information technology revolution continues, but it is a critical time in the development of technology. Once again, we stand on the brink of a new era where emerging research will yield exciting applications and products destined to transform and enrich our daily lives! The potential is staggering and the ultimate impact is unimaginable, considering the continuing marriage of te- nology with fields such as medicine, communications and entertainment, to name only a few. But who will actually be responsible for transforming these potential new pr- ucts into reality? The answer, of course, is today's (and tomorrow's) design en- neers! The design of integrated circuits today remains an essential discipline in s- port of technological progress, and the authors of this book have taken a giant step forward in the development of a practice-oriented treatise for design engineers who are interested in the practical, industry-driven world of integrated circuit - sign.

As systems being developed by industry and government grow larger and more complex, the need for superior specification and verification approaches and tools becomes increasingly vital. The developer and customer must have complete confidence that the design produced is correct, and that it meets forma development and verification standards. In this text, UML expert author Dr. Doron Drusinsky compiles all the latest information on the application of UML (Universal Modeling Language) statecharts, temporal logic, automata, and other advanced tools for run-time monitoring and verification. This is the first book that deals specifically with UML verification techniques. This important information is introduced within the context of real-life examples and solutions, particularly focusing on national defense applications. A practical text, as opposed to a high-level theoretical one, it emphasizes getting the system developer up-to-speed on using the tools necessary for daily practice.
. A practical, tutorial-style text (other books on this topic discuss the tools and formalisms only theoretically)
. Includes an unclassified case study example from the U.S. Missile Defense project
.Accompanying Companion website includes source code and re-useable statechart templates"

The two volumes IFIP AICT 545 and 546 constitute the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 11th IFIP WG 5.14 International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture, CCTA 2017, held in Jilin, China, in August 2017. The 100 revised papers included in the two volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 282 submissions. They cover a wide range of interesting theories and applications of information technology in agriculture. The papers focus on four topics: Internet of Things and big data in agriculture, precision agriculture and agricultural robots, agricultural information services, and animal and plant phenotyping for agriculture.

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The volume comprises the proceedings of the third International Conference on Dynamics in Logistics LDIC 2012. The scope of the conference targeted the identification, analysis, and description of the dynamics of logistic processes and networks. The spectrum ranged from the modeling and planning of processes and innovative methods like autonomous control and knowledge management to the new technologies provided by radio frequency identification, mobile communication, and networking. The growing dynamics in the area of logistics poses completely new challenges: Logistic processes and networks must rapidly and flexibly adapt to continuously changing conditions. LDIC 2012 provided a venue for researchers from academia and industry interested in the technical advances in dynamics in logistics. The conference addressed research in logistics from a wide range of fields, e.g. engineering, computer science and operations research. The volume consists of two invited papers and of 49 contributed papers divided into various subjects including transport logistics, routing in dynamic logistic networks, modeling, simulation, optimization and collaboration in logistics, identification technologies, mathematical modeling in transport and production logistics, information, communication, risk and failure in logistic systems, autonomous control in logistic processes, global supply chains and industrial applications, and the Internet of Things in the context of logistics.

Thepurposeofthe 7thIEEE/ACISInternationalConferenceonComputerandInfor- tion Science (ICIS2008)and the 2nd IEEE/ACISInternationalWorkshop on e-Activity (IWEA 2008) to be held on May 14-16, 2008 in Portland, Oregon, U.S.A. is to bring together scientists, engineers, computer users, and students to share their experiences and exchange new ideas and research results about all aspects (theory, applications and tools) of computer and information science; and to discuss the practical challenges - countered along the way and the solutions adopted to solve them. In January, 2008 one of editors of this book approached in house editor Dr. Thomas Ditzingeraboutpreparingavolumecontainingextendedandimprovedversionsofsome of the papers selected for presentation at the conference and workshop. Upon receiving Dr. Ditzinger's approval, conference organizers selected 23 outstanding papers from ICIS/IWEA 2008, all of which you will nd in this volume of Springer's Studies in Computational Intelligence. In chapter 1, Fabio Perez Marzullo et al. describe a model driven architecture (MDA) approachfor assessing database performance.The authorspresent a pro ling technique that offers a way to assess performance and identify aws, while performing software construction activities. In chapter 2, authorsHuy Nguyen Anh Pham and EvangelosTriantaphyllouoffera new approachfortesting classi cation algorithms, and present thisapproachthroughrean- ysis of the Pima Indian diabetes dataset, one of the most well-known datasets used for this purpose. The new method put forth by the authors is dubbed the Homogeneity- Based Algorithm(HBA), and it aims to optimally control the over ttingand overgen- alization behaviors that have proved problematic for previous classi cation algorithms on this dataset.

"Computational Analysis of Terrorist Groups: Lashkar-e-Taiba "provides an in-depth look at Web intelligence, and how advanced mathematics and modern computing technology can influence the insights we have on terrorist groups. This book primarily focuses on one famous terrorist group known as Lashkar-e-Taiba (or LeT), and how it operates.After 10 years of counter Al Qaeda operations, LeT is considered by many in the counter-terrorism community to be an even greater threat to the US and world peace than Al Qaeda.

"Computational Analysis of Terrorist Groups: Lashkar-e-Taiba "is the first book that demonstrates how to use modern computational analysis techniques including methods for "big data" analysis. This book presents how to quantify both the environment in which LeT operate, and the actions it took over a 20-year period, and represent it as a relational database table. This table is then mined using sophisticated data mining algorithms in order to gain detailed, mathematical, computational and statistical insights into LeT and its operations.This book also provides a detailed history of Lashkar-e-Taiba based on extensive analysis conducted by using open source information and public statements. Each chapter includes a case study, as well as a slide describing the key results which are available on the authors' web sites.

"Computational Analysis of Terrorist Groups: Lashkar-e-Taiba "is designed for a professional market composed of government or military workers, researchers and computer scientists working in the web intelligence field. Advanced-level students in computer science will also find this valuable as a reference book."

The convergence of biology and computer science was initially motivated by the need to organize and process a growing number of biological observations resulting from rapid advances in experimental techniques. Today, however, close collaboration between biologists, biochemists, medical researchers, and computer scientists has also generated remarkable benefits for the field of computer science. Systemic Approaches in Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology: Recent Advances presents new techniques that have resulted from the application of computer science methods to the organization and interpretation of biological data. The book covers three subject areas: bioinformatics, computational biology, and computational systems biology. It focuses on recent, systemic approaches in computer science and mathematics that have been used to model, simulate, and more generally, experiment with biological phenomena at any scale.

This textbook presents the mathematics that is foundational to multimedia applications. Featuring a rigorous survey of selected results from algebra and analysis, the work examines tools used to create application software for multimedia signal processing and communication.

Replete with exercises, sample programs in Standard C, and numerous illustrations, Mathematics for Multimedia is an ideal textbook for upper undergraduate and beginning graduate students in computer science and mathematics who seek an innovative approach to contemporary mathematics with practical applications. The work may also serve as an invaluable reference for multimedia applications developers and all those interested in the mathematics underlying multimedia design and implementation.

This book is dedicated to Prof. Dr. Heinz Gerhauser on the occasion of his retirement both from the position of Executive Director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS and from the Endowed Chair of Information Technologies with a Focus on Communication Electronics (LIKE) at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg. Heinz Gerhauser's vision and entrepreneurial spirit have made the Fraunhofer IIS one of the most successful and renowned German research institutions. He has been Director of the Fraunhofer IIS since 1993, and under his leadership it has grown to become the largest of Germany's 60 Fraunhofer Institutes, a position it retains to this day, currently employing over 730 staff. Likely his most important scientific as well as application-related contribution was his pivotal role in the development of the mp3 format, which would later become a worldwide success. The contributions to this Festschrift were written by both Fraunhofer IIS staff and external project team members in appreciation of Prof. Dr. Gerhauser's lifetime academic achievements and his inspiring leadership at the Fraunhofer IIS. The papers reflect the broad spectrum of the institute's research activities and are grouped into sections on circuits, information systems, visual computing, and audio and multimedia. They provide academic and industrial researchers in fields like signal processing, sensor networks, microelectronics, and integrated circuits with an up-to-date overview of research results that have a huge potential for cutting-edge industrial applications.

As technology grows as the largest source of modern economic growth, the emergence of new models is currently challenging the standard western model of organizational management. Companies from all over the world have succeeded in creating emerging economies with these new models and are now competing with established multinational corporations Organizational Innovation and IT Governance in Emerging Economies develops a methodological framework that supports new approaches of technological innovation by companies. This reference book provides contributions from experts in emerging economies, highlighting specific case studies of home grown companies from these emerging markets, offering lessons on how traditional multinationals can compete with these new companies for policymakers, government officers, academics, researchers, students, and practitioners.

In this book, the following three approaches to data analysis are presented:

- Test Theory, founded by Sergei V. Yablonskii (1924-1998); the first publications appeared in 1955 and 1958,

- Rough Sets, founded by Zdzis aw I. Pawlak (1926-2006); the first publications appeared in 1981 and 1982,

- Logical Analysis of Data, founded by Peter L. Hammer (1936-2006); the first publications appeared in 1986 and 1988.

These three approaches have much in common, but researchers active in one of these areas often have a limited knowledge about the results and methods developed in the other two. On the other hand, each of the approaches shows some originality and we believe that the exchange of knowledge can stimulate further development of each of them. This can lead to new theoretical results and real-life applications and, in particular, new results based on combination of these three data analysis approaches can be expected.

- Logical Analysis of Data, founded by Peter L. Hammer (1936-2006); the first publications appeared in 1986 and 1988.

These three approaches have much in common, but researchers active in one of these areas often have a limited knowledge about the results and methods developed in the other two. On the other hand, each of the approaches shows some originality and we believe that the exchange of knowledge can stimulate further development of each of them. This can lead to new theoretical results and real-life applications and, in particular, new results based on combination of these three data analysis approaches can be expected.

These three approaches have much in common, but researchers active in one of these areas often have a limited knowledge about the results and methods developed in the other two. On the other hand, each of the approaches shows some originality and we believe that the exchange of knowledge can stimulate further development of each of them. This can lead to new theoretical results and real-life applications and, in particular, new results based on combination of these three data analysis approaches can be expected."

This book is devoted to the state-of-the-art in all aspects of fireworks algorithm (FWA), with particular emphasis on the efficient improved versions of FWA. It describes the most substantial theoretical analysis including basic principle and implementation of FWA and modeling and theoretical analysis of FWA. It covers exhaustively the key recent significant research into the improvements of FWA so far. In addition, the book describes a few advanced topics in the research of FWA, including multi-objective optimization (MOO), discrete FWA (DFWA) for combinatorial optimization, and GPU-based FWA for parallel implementation. In sequels, several successful applications of FWA on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), text clustering, pattern recognition, and seismic inversion problem, and swarm robotics, are illustrated in details, which might shed new light on more real-world applications in future. Addressing a multidisciplinary topic, it will appeal to researchers and professionals in the areas of metahuristics, swarm intelligence, evolutionary computation, complex optimization solving, etc.

Intheworldweliveinconcurrencyisthenorm.Forexample,thehumanbody isamassivelyconcurrentsystem,comprisingahugenumberofcells,allsim- taneously evolving and independently engaging in their individual biological processing.Inaddition,inthebiologicalworld,trulysequentialsystemsrarely arise. However, they are more common when manmade artefacts are cons- ered. In particular, computer systems are often developed from a sequential perspective. Why is this? The simple reason is that it is easier for us to think about sequential, rather than concurrent, systems. Thus, we use sequentiality as a device to simplify the design process. However, the need for increasingly powerful, ?exible and usable computer systems mitigates against simplifying sequentiality assumptions. A good - ample of this is the all-powerful position held by the Internet, which is highly concurrent at many di?erent levels of decomposition. Thus, the modern c- puter scientist (and indeed the modern scientist in general) is forced to think aboutconcurrentsystemsandthesubtleandintricatebehaviourthatemerges from the interaction of simultaneously evolving components. Over a period of 25 years, or so, the ?eld of concurrency theory has been involved in the development of a set of mathematical techniques that can help system developers to think about and build concurrent systems. These theories are the subject matter of this book.

The Third Conference on Applied Mathematics and Scienti?c Computing took place June 23-27, 2003 on island of Brijuni, Croatia. The main goal of the conference was to interchange ideas among applied mathematicians in the broadest sense both from and outside academia, as well as experts from other areas who apply different mathematical techniques. During the meeting there were invited and contributed talksand software presentations. Invited presentations were given by active researchers from the ?eldsof approximation theory, numerical methods for differential equations and numericallinear algebra. These proceedings contain research and review papers by invited speakers and selected contributed papers from the ?elds of applied and numerical mathematics. A particular aim of the conference was to encourage young scientists to present results of their research. Traditionally, the best presentation given by PhD student was rewarded. This year awardee was Luka Grubisi ? c ' (University of Hagen, Hagen, Germany) and we congratulate him for this achievement. It would be hard to organize the conference without generous support of the Croatian Ministry of Science and Technology and we acknowledge it. We are also indebted to themainorganizer, Department of Mathematics, University of Zagreb.Motivating beautiful nature should bealso mentioned.And,attheend, we are thankful to Drs. JosipTambaca ? and Ivica Nakic ' for giving this book its ?nal shape.

Mathematical Linguistics introduces the mathematical foundations of linguistics to computer scientists, engineers, and mathematicians interested in natural language processing. The book presents linguistics as a cumulative body of knowledge from the ground up: no prior knowledge of linguistics is assumed. Previous textbooks in this area concentrate on syntax and semantics - this comprehensive volume covers an extremely rich array of topics also including phonology and morphology, probabilistic approaches, complexity, learnability, and the analysis of speech and handwriting. As the first textbook of its kind, this book is useful for those in information science (information retrieval and extraction, search engines) and in natural language technologies (speech recognition, optical character recognition, HCI). Exercises suitable for the advanced reader are included, as well as suggestions for further reading and an extensive bibliography.