Franklin & Marshall College is the thirteenth oldest institution of higher education in the United States. Benjamin Rush, who was largely responsible for the establishment of Franklin College in 1787, anticipated that it would promote the assimilation of PennsylvaniaA[a¬a[s Germanic population as contributing citizens of the new republic. The founders included four signers of the Declaration of Independence, three future governors of Pennsylvania, and four members of the Constitutional Convention. Named after Benjamin Franklin, its first benefactor, in 1853 Franklin College merged with Marshall College, which had been established by the German Reformed Church in Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, in 1836. Marshall College bought the faculty and the constellation of intellectual values that guided Franklin & Marshall over the next half-century.

St. Mary's County, the Mother County of Maryland, was founded in 1634 by a hand full of colonists who journeyed across the stormy Atlantic, landing at present-day St. Clement's Island. Although the organizers of the Maryland venture were Catholic, the majority of the settlers were Protestants, many of them arriving as indentured servants. Settlers, regardless of religious affiliation, aided in the establishment of the colony and participated fully in the new government. In 1649, Maryland officially became the birthplace of religious freedom in the New World when the Religious Toleration Act was passed at St. Mary's City. From the colonization of the county, to life throughout the 20th century, this volume explores the people, places, and events that have made St. Mary's County such a unique and integral part of the history of Maryland and this nation.

Throughout its history, the 76-square-mile island of Catalina has played host to Native Americans, smugglers, otter hunters, ranchers, miners, entrepreneurs, vacationers, movie stars, and nature enthusiasts. William Wrigley Jr. (of chewing-gum fame) bought the island in 1919 and later constructed the recognizable casino building, which was never used for gambling but did become one of the best-known ballrooms in America. In the 1970s, the Wrigley family deeded 88 percent of the island to the Catalina Island Conservancy, which protects the natural state of the island and her inhabitants. Today nearly one million tourists visit annually to take in the fishing, parasailing, glass-bottomed tour boating, scuba diving, cycling, camping, galleries, shopping, and dining.

Etowah County Volume II traces the history of everyday citizens in this Alabama community. Largely derived from the collections of local photographers Bob Scarboro and Hugh Hall, the images in this volume depict the county's championship sports teams, the drive-in theaters and restaurants of the post-World War II era, and the mansions that once lined Forrest Avenue. Also included are two rare and seldom-seen photographs-the old dummy engine of the streetcar line that ran from Gadsden to Attalla, and the wooden dance pavilion located beneath Noccalula Falls at the turn of the century. Readers will discover the lasting contributions made to Etowah County by such notable early settlers as Col. R.B. Kyle, Capt. James M. Elliott Jr., Gen. Daniel Turrentine, and Judge John H. Disque. Many of the area's schools, businesses, and churches can be attributed to the efforts of these enterprising individuals. Etowah County Volume II also celebrates the contributions made by the hard-working, everyday people who have made this Alabama community a memorable place to live.

Palmyra reveals the fascinating history of the place known as "the Queen of Canal Towns." Vivid photographs highlight life as it was in this Wayne County community, which is visited by more than two hundred thousand people each year. Shown are military men and abolitionists, inventors and entrepreneurs, the founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Hill Cumorah, site of the largest outdoor theater production in the United States. Historic Palmyra, the local historical society, has been saving treasures since 1843. Housed in three major museums, the vast collections are an example of preservation at its best.

Venice, California, was unlike any other American city. A miniature railway, an amusement pier, gondolas, elephants, fire divers, Mardi Gras, beauty contests, stunt pilots, and 6 miles of canals overlooking the Pacific Ocean all made Abbot Kinney's Venice-of-America the most popular California resort town of its early century era.

This pictorial retrospective illustrates Venice's history from its beginnings in 1880 through the Great Fire and Consolidation, to the advent of the rollerskaters and carnival-like ambience that characterize the Venice that we know today. A favorite site for Hollywood filming, the city has seen many famous (and infamous) visitors and residents over the years, and is a well-known resort town. It has played host to vacationers from all over the world.

Audubon's history dates from the 1600s, with several deeds showing purchases of land in 1682. Centuries later, in the early 1900s, owners of the seven existing farmsteads incorporated into a borough named in honor of naturalist John James Audubon. Nicknamed "Mudubon" in the 1920s and 1930s, the community is now recognized as "the Most Patriotic Small Town in America," having been the home of three Medal of Honor recipients, two of whom have naval vessels named in their memory. Audubon highlights the history of this unique borough that served as the weekend retreat for heavyweight boxing champion Gene Tunney and was the home of World War II bomber pilot and actor John McKee.

From the days predating the American Revolution, Downingtown has played a vital part in the development of not only Chester County but also the commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the United States of America. It was an important stop for farmers and tradesmen transporting goods between Lancaster and Philadelphia. During the Philadelphia campaign of the Revolution in 1777, the Continental Congress approved the storage of material for George Washington's army in Downingtown. Situated in the heart of one of William Penn's three original counties of Pennsylvania, the area grew into an important manufacturing community, known for its paper mills fueled by the east branch of the Brandywine River, which flows through the middle of the town.

Penfield began as a milling town in the early 1800s, evolved into a farming community by the 1850s, and grew into one of Rochester's finest suburbs in the 1900s. Within the pages of Penfield are stories of founder Daniel Penfield and why, as a successful merchant and landowner, he left eastern New York to settle in an uninhabited wilderness; of twelve-year-old "Little Nellie" Williams, who operated the town's newspaper during the Civil War; of Almon Strowger, the inventor of the dial telephone switch; and of Timothy and Lydia Bush, direct ancestors of President George W. Bush. One of the only remaining mud houses in New York State still stands in Penfield; it and many other early structures are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The small village of Taneytown, nestled at the foothills of the Catoctin Mountains in central Maryland, has witnessed two and a half centuries of American history. The settlement's beginnings date to 1754 when it was founded on a 7,900-acre tract of land. By the end of the century, Taneytown was a bustling community that supported craftsmen of various trades. The most famous native son of the region is undoubtedly lawyer, poet, and author of The Star-Spangled Banner, Francis Scott Key. With the outbreak of Civil War, Taneytown sent 75 of the district's 500 residents to the battle; few returned. The war had a drastic impact on the county, and the area did not flourish again until the arrival of the railroad in 1871. By the late 19th century, the region rebounded to become a small business hub with three cigar factories, a carriage maker's shop, two warehouses, a steam flour mill, and two banks. With new prosperity, many of the structures of the town were replaced with fashionable Victorian edifices. Today, the quaint charm and history of Taneytown continue to attract visitors from near and far.

Augusta, Georgia, and the surrounding towns in the Central Savannah River Area boast more than 200 years of entertainment history, including performances by late 18th-century musicians and many of the nation's first superstars. Some of the most memorable moments in the history of the Garden City are captured in the pages of this unique volume. Entertainment in Augusta and the CSRA reveals many famous faces that have made appearances-either for a short time or for life-in the CSRA. Captured in striking vintage images, most of which were culled from the archives of The Augusta Chronicle, are unforgettable visitors ranging from Charlie Chaplin to Elvis Presley. In addition to nationally recognized celebrities-such as Amy Grant, Jayne Mansfield, Hulk Hogan, Jessye Norman, Butterfly McQueen, and The Godfather of Soul, James Brown-this collection pays tribute to local and regional talents, from singers and dancers to athletes and politicians.

The Pennsylvania Turnpike is one of the best-known highways in the United States. Most Pennsylvania Turnpike travelers are unaware that its construction was inspired by the route of the never completed South Pennsylvania Railroad. In the 1930s, men of great vision conceived, planned, and built the nation's first long-distance superhighway using the abandoned railroad's partially finished tunnels as its foundation. Originally predicted to be a financial failure, the project was a tremendous success, and the turnpike came to be known as the World's Greatest Highway. Over the years, the Pennsylvania Turnpike was expanded and improved, laying the groundwork for the nation's Interstate Highway System. The Pennsylvania Turnpike draws from the extensive photograph collection in the Pennsylvania State Archives. Many were taken by photographers hired by both the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission and its contractors, and most have never been published previously.

Carved out of the wilderness in the 1680s, Springfield Township was formed as Quaker families seeking religious freedom settled the area. In a region roughly bounded by Darby Creek to the east and Crum Creek to the west, the early settlers shared forests with the native Lenni Lenape tribe. Just nine miles west of the port of Philadelphia, Springfield harnessed tumbling creeks with mills during the industrial revolution and provided the growing commonwealth with edge tools from Beatty Ax Works and fabric from Victoria Plush Mill. Builders used abundant stone quarries to construct grand homes, including that of the Pennsylvania Railroad's first chief engineer, J. Edgar Thomson, who laid out the famous Horseshoe Curve and Main Line to Pittsburgh. The construction of the Media Shortline Trolley helped Springfield grow, as did the Saxon Avenue Shops and unique developments such as Windsor Circle and Rolling Road. Springfield Township documents the area's transformation into a modern town rich with amenities and community organizations.

Between 1905 and 1907, Brooklyn's leading newspaper, the Daily Eagle, published a remarkable series of almost five hundred postcards, most with photographs of local scenes. Brooklyn in that era was, as it is today, a place of great variety, with imposing factories, sprawling riverfront sugar refineries, scores of public schools, elaborate mansions, and hundreds of blocks of middle-class brownstone row houses side by side with public wood yards, free-floating baths, the county jail, reformatories, and hospitals. Brooklyn was known as "the borough of churches," and grand religious edifices of all denominations stood on nearly every corner. For recreation, there were social clubs, acres of beautifully landscaped public parks graced by statues of heroes of the past, and the teeming midways and beaches of Coney Island. All of this is captured in Brooklyn: The Brooklyn Daily Eagle Postcards 1905-1907.

From the Colonia era through the industrial age and into modern times, the Charles River has been a prominent feature of the New England landscape and has undergone a series of dramatice changes. First the site of important Revolutionary battles, the Charles later became home to myriad commercial interests, including lumberyards, slaughterhouses, arsenals, and businesses. The Charles has long been the location of three prominent universities, but only recently has the river come to serve as a recreational and scenic haven for residents and visitors of Boston, Cambridge, Brookline, Watertown, and Newton. The 1970s landmark Clean Water Act did much to transform this much-used waterway into a lovely and popular spot for walking, jogging, cycling, boating, sailing, rowing, picnicking, swimming, fishing, and even windsurfing.

Capitol Hill celebrates one of the largest historic districts in the nation and a neighborhood rich in history that shaped a nation and the world. Beginning as a port area on the high plateau near the deep water of the Anacostia River, Capitol Hill was largely shaped by the early residential development near the Navy Yard. Later home to middle-class workers in the 19th century, Capitol Hill is now one of Washington's most elite neighborhoods. While the name of the current neighborhood is derived from its proximity to the United States Capitol, it is actually not located on a hill. Situated on the highest point of land between the Anacostia and Potomac Rivers, Capitol Hill began as a small cluster of homes located at First and Second Streets along New Jersey Avenue, Southeast around 1800. The neighborhood was also home to hospitals and boarding houses during the Civil War. The area now known as the Capitol Hill Historic District was primarily built up in the 1880s and 1890s for speculative housing on a more modest scale, but now the district is considered elite with more senators and members of Congress residing there than in any other neighborhood. This volume contains more than 200 images of these prominent homes and noteworthy points of national interest, including Union Station, the Navy Yard, Eastern Market, and the B&O Railroad Company.

There is a rock of incredible legend and history that stands before the Standing Rock Agency. Years ago a Dakota man took a second wife, thereby bruising the ego of his first. As camp was breaking up and the tribe was moving on, the first wife pouted and refused to move. She stayed behind with her baby. The tribe moved on and the husband repented, sending his brothers to collect her. They returned to camp to find that she and her child had turned to stone. From that point on, the stone was thought holy and was moved with the tribe, always given a place of honor at the center of camp. Now resting upon a brick pedestal, from this stone the agency derives its name.