This timely book provides a comprehensive guide to, and rigorous analysis of, prosecutorial discretion at the International Criminal Court. This is the first ever study that takes the reader through all the key stages of the Proscecutor's decision-making process. Starting from preliminary examinations and the decision to investigate, the book also explores case selection processes, plea agreements, culminating in the question of how to end engagement in specific country situations. The book serves as a guide to the Rome Statute through the lens of the Prosecutor's activities. With its unique combination of legal theory and specific policy analysis, it addresses broader questions that will be relevant to other international and hybrid criminal courts and tribunals. The book will be of interest to students, practitioners of law, academics, and the wider public concerned with international law, criminal justice and international relations.

What does it mean to be resilient in a societal or in an international context? Where does resilience come from? From which discipline was it 'imported' into international relations (IR)? If a particular government employs the meaning of resilience to its own benefit, should scholars reject the analytical purchase of the concept of resilience as a whole? Does a government have the monopoly of understanding how resilience is defined and applied? This book addresses these questions. Even though resilience in global politics is not new, a major shift is currently happening in how we understand and apply resilience in world politics. Resilience is indeed increasingly theorised, rather than simply employed as a noun; it has left the realm of vocabulary and entered the terrain of concept. This book demonstrates the multiple origins of resilience, traces the diverse expressions of resilience in IR to various historical markers, and propose a theory of resilience in world politics.

Can traditional approaches to criminal jurisdiction adapt to the new global reality of the digital era? In this innovative book, leading experts in criminal, international and internet law unite to address this fundamental question. They consider how jurisdictional regimes are orientated around concepts of territoriality and extraterritoriality, how these categories are increasingly blurred in the digital era, and how a range of jurisdictional transformations are occurring in the process. Part I presents novel doctrinal, empirical and theoretical perspectives on criminal jurisdiction, exploring how states are shaping and reimagining jurisdictional concepts in the crafting and interpretation of criminal offences, and the ramifications of increasing jurisdictional concurrency in state practice. Part II focuses on the investigative and enforcement powers of the state to assess how these issues are transforming traditional understandings of jurisdictional rules and boundaries, the challenges and opportunities that these present for law enforcement authorities, and the sorts of constraints and safeguards that may be necessary as a result. The picture that emerges is a world of jurisdictional rules in a state of flux, which demands the diversity of legal perspectives presented in this book for documenting, rationalising and moving beyond the transformations that are taking shape in modern statecraft.

International justice has become a crucial part of the ongoing political debates about the future of shattered societies like Bosnia, Kosovo, Rwanda, Cambodia, and Chile. Why do our governments sometimes display such striking idealism in the face of war crimes and atrocities abroad, and at other times cynically abandon the pursuit of international justice altogether? Why today does justice seem so slow to come for war crimes victims in the Balkans? In this book, Gary Bass offers an unprecedented look at the politics behind international war crimes tribunals, combining analysis with investigative reporting and a broad historical perspective. The Nuremberg trials powerfully demonstrated how effective war crimes tribunals can be. But there have been many other important tribunals that have not been as successful, and which have been largely left out of today's debates about international justice. This timely book brings them in, using primary documents to examine the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, World War I, the Armenian genocide, World War II, and the recent wars in the former Yugoslavia.

Bass explains that bringing war criminals to justice can be a military ordeal, a source of endless legal frustration, as well as a diplomatic nightmare. The book takes readers behind the scenes to see vividly how leaders like David Lloyd George, Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, and Bill Clinton have wrestled with these agonizing moral dilemmas. The book asks how law and international politics interact, and how power can be made to serve the cause of justice.

Bass brings new archival research to bear on such events as the prosecution of the Armenian genocide, presenting surprising episodes that add to the historical record. His sections on the former Yugoslavia tell--with important new discoveries--the secret story of the politicking behind the prosecution of war crimes in Bosnia, drawing on interviews with senior White House officials, key diplomats, and chief prosecutors at the war crimes tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Bass concludes that despite the obstacles, legalistic justice for war criminals is nonetheless worth pursuing. His arguments will interest anyone concerned about human rights and the pursuit of idealism in international politics.

In their contributions, the authors connect general philosophical reasoning about the foundational role of human dignity for human rights with more concrete demands as to how to deal with basic human needs and to end poverty. These legal and political arguments are based on recent rulings of regional courts and international human rights bodies. They discuss obligations that result from human rights and ask which institutions or corporations are responsible for their realisation.

This report analyzes the complexities of health financing in Papua New Guinea with a focus on resource allocation, use, and accountability. It explores information gaps and transparency issues that undermine health service delivery and outcomes. Recommendations in this report aim to improve health sector governance and capacity, which will ultimately contribute to a more robust and equitable health care system.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

IN DAS ANGEWANDTE VOLKERRECHT EINE UNTERSUCHUNG UBER DIE BEDEUTUNG DES RECHTES FUR DIE REGELUNG DER ZWISCHEN STAATLICHEN BEZIEHUNGEN VON DR. RUDOLF BLUHDORN SEKTIONSRAT IM BUNDESKANZLERAMT, AUSW.ARTIGE ANGELEGENHEITEN, UND STAATSVERTRETER BEI DEN GEMISCHTEN SCHIEDSGERICHTEN, WIEN SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN GMBH 1934 ALLE RECHTE, INSBESONDERE DAS DER UBERSETZUNG J { FREMDE SPRACHEN, VORBEHALTEN COPYRIGHT 1954 BY SPRINGER-VERLAGWIEN URSPRUNGLICH ERSCHIENEN BEI JULIUS SPRINGER IN VIENNA 1934 ISBN 978-3-662-27345-6 ISBN 978-3-662-28832-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-28832-0 Vorwort. Die Probleme des Lebens sind so mannigfaltig, dass die Men schen sich gezwungen gesehen haben, sie zur besseren ErfoMchung in Abteilungen zu gliedern. So entstanden die einzelnen Zweige der Wissenschaft wie Biologie, Philosophie, Psychologie usw. Diese Abteilungen wurden dann wieder untergeteilt; von der Rechts wissenschaft spaltete sich z. B. das Volkerrecht ab, das seither den Gegenstand von Spezialstudien bildet. Diese Teilungen und Unterteilungen sind aus praktischen Grun den wohl unabweislich. Kein Mensch kann heute alle Gebiete des Lebens erforschen. Das wirkliche Leben ist jedoch nicht teilbar. Die trotzdem vorgenommenen willkurlichen Scheidungen reissen daher oft zusammenhangende Probleme ohne Rucksicht darauf aus einander, dass Tatsachen der .einen "Abteilung" haufig nur durch Tatsachen aus einer anderen "Abteilung" erklart werden konnen."

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

The multilateral development banks cumulatively channel billions of dollars annually in development assistance to borrower countries. This finance is usually spent through processes that incorporate the public procurement regulations of the banks and it is often a condition of this finance that the funds must be spent using the procurement regulations of the lender institution. This book examines the issues and challenges raised by procurement regulation in the multilateral development banks. The book examines the history of procurement regulation in the banks; the tripartite relationship created between the banks, borrowers and contractors in funded procurements; the procurement documents and procurement cycle; as well as how the banks ensure competition and value for money in funded procurements. The book also examines the banks' approach to sustainability concerns in public procurement such as environmental, social or industrial concerns; as well as how the banks address the issue of corruption and fraud in funded contracts. Another issue that is addressed by this book is how the banks have implemented the aid effectiveness agenda. It will be seen that the development banks have undertaken steps to harmonise their policies and practices, increased borrower procurement capacity, taken steps to reduce the tying of aid, and play an important role in the reform of borrower procurement systems, all in an effort to improve the effectiveness of development finance. The book also considers the contractual and other remedies that are available to parties that may be aggrieved as a result of a funded procurement. The book analyses, compares and contrasts the legal, practical and institutional approaches to procurement regulation in the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

This is the first legal monograph analysing multilevel governance of global 'aggregate public goods' (PGs) from the perspective of democractic, republican and cosmopolitan constitutionalism by using historical, legal, political and economic methods. It explains the need for a 'new philosophy of international law' in order to protect human rights and PGs more effectively and more legitimately. 'Constitutional approaches' are justified by the universal recognition of human rights and by the need to protect 'human rights', 'rule of law', 'democracy' and other 'principles of justice' that are used in national, regional and UN legal systems as indeterminate legal concepts. The study describes and criticizes the legal methodology problems of 'disconnected' governance in UN, GATT and WTO institutions as well as in certain areas of the external relations of the EU (like transatlantic free trade agreements). Based on 40 years of practical experiences of the author in German, European, UN, GATT and WTO governance institutions and of simultaneous academic teaching, this study develops five propositions for constituting, limiting, regulating and justifying multilevel governance for the benefit of citizens and their constitutional rights as 'constituent powers', 'democratic principals' and main 'republican actors', who must hold multilevel governance institutions and their limited 'constituted powers' legally, democratically and judicially more accountable.

Der Begriff "Verfassung" fasziniert, weil er viele Assoziationen weckt: zum Beispiel Grundrechte, Gewaltenteilung, Gerechtigkeit. Doch kümmert dies die von Björn Schiffbauer entwickelte formale Verfassungslehre nicht. Nicht einmal den Staat betrachtet sie als notwendiges Zuordnungsobjekt einer Verfassung. Stattdessen erschließt die formale Verfassungslehre mithilfe der Rechtstheorie den gemeinsamen formalen Kern jeder Verfassung: den allgemeinen Verfassungsbegriff als gemeinschaftsbezogenen höchstrangigen Normenkomplex. Er bildet die ableitungsoffene Basis für besondere Begriffsvarianten, etwa in Bezug auf Staaten, Vereine, supranationale Organisationen und vieles mehr. Die formale Verfassungslehre offenbart so die gemeinsamen Grundlagen für den rechtlichen Bestand und das tatsächliche Wirken von Verfassungsnormen. Ihr Konzept über die Interaktion von Sein und Sollen im Verfassungsumfeld trägt dazu bei, die Vorgänge von und in pluralistischen Gemeinschaften und Rechtsordnungen vorverständnisfrei zu begreifen.

Auf Grundlage vorliegender Arbeit hat Verfasser im Jahre H101 an der juristischen Fakultat zu Berlin promoviert. Die Dissertation umfafste die ersten zwoelf Paragraphen. Nunmehr wird das Ganze der OEffentlichkeit ubergeben, nachdem wesent- liche U manderungen und Erganzungen, namentlich im dog- Literatur matischen Teile, stattgefunden haben. Auch die neueste hat tunlichste Berucksichtigung erfahren. Anspruch auf Vollstandigkeit macht die Arbeit nie h t. Wie koennte sie auch dies? Das Thema ist dogmatisch noch nicht bearbeitet, selbst die historischen Vorarbeiten sind gering und das Quellenmaterial ungemein grofs. Zwei Ziele hatte Verfasser vor Augen: 1. Die Vor aus- setzungen des Themas genau zu bestimmen. 2. Einenjuristi- schen Ein teil ungsgrun d zu geben. Voraussetzungen sind: Die Lehre von der Sou ver a n i t a t und die Lehre von den Staatenverbindungen. Je nach der Stellungnahme zu diesen Lehren wird die Auffassung der in Frage stehenden Verhaltnisse verschieden ausfallen. Auf diesen Gebieten durfte daher nicht blofs referiert, sondern es mufste eine Begrundung gegeben werden. Die pos i t i v e Er- n gebnisse sind im 18 dargelegt, an sie schliefst sich die Kon- struktion des halbsouveranen Staates in 19 an. Das ne g a iv t e Ergebnis dieser Untersuchungen aber war, dafs eine einseitige, sei es staatsrechtliche sei es voelkerrechtliche Betrachtungsweise nicht platzgreifen durfe, dafs genus Staaten- verbindungen und die am ausfuhrlichsten dogmatisch bearbeitete species Bundesstaat stets scharf auseinanderzuhalten seien, dafs Vorwort.

In recent years sanctions have become an increasingly popular tool of foreign policy, not only at the multilateral level (at the UN), but also regionally (the EU in particular) and unilaterally. The nature of the measures imposed has also changed: from comprehensive sanctions regimes (discredited since Iraq in the 1990s) to 'targeted' or 'smart' sanctions, directed at specific individuals or entities (through asset freezes and travel bans) or prohibiting particular activities (arms embargoes and export bans). Bringing together scholars, government and private practitioners, Economic Sanctions and International Law provides an overview of recent developments and an analysis of the problems that they have engendered. Chapters examine the contemporary practice of the various actors, and the legality (or otherwise) of their activities. Issues considered include the human rights of persons targeted, and the mechanisms established to challenge their listing; as well as, in cases of sanctions imposed by regional organisations and individual states, the rights of third States and their nationals. The book will be of interest to scholars and practitioners of international law and politics.