This book offers an answer to the question: what is public law? It suggests that an adequate explanation can only be given once public law is recognized to be an autonomous discipline, with its own distinctive methods and tasks. Martin Loughlin defends this claim by identifying the conceptual foundations of the public law: governing, politics, representation, sovereignty, constituent power, and rights. By explicating these basic elements of the subject, he seeks not only to lay bare its method but also to present a novel account of the idea of public law.

Der Band fasst die Referate zusammen, die auf einem wissenschaftlichen Symposium zum Ausscheiden Albrecht Randelzhofers aus dem aktiven Hochschuldienst gehalten wurden. Inhaltlich orientieren sich die einzelnen Beitrage an den Forschungsschwerpunkten Randelzhofers. So findet sich ein Beitrag zum Stand des volkerrechtlichen Gewaltverbots nach dem Irak-Krieg 2003. Die Auswirkungen der Europaisierung auf die Demokratietheorie werden ebenso untersucht wie das Haftungsrecht der Europaischen Union im Zusammenhang mit WTO-Entscheidungen. Sodann werden die Freizugigkeit des Unionsburgers sowie die Untersuchungsmaxime im Asylrecht einer Bestandsaufnahme unterzogen. Eine personliche Wurdigung Randelzhofers als Verfassungsrichter rundet den Band ab."

At a time when nearly all armed conflicts are related to self-determination, and frequently to claims for secession, this meticulous study examines the legal issues at stake in the light of the existence of European micro-States: Liechtenstein, San Marino, Monaco, Andorra and the Vatican City. Jorri Duursma makes a thorough analysis of the true origins, meaning and faults of the modern right of self-determination, asking fundamental questions: What constitutes a people with a right to self-determination? How small a people has this right? Who are allowed to secede? What is a state according to international law? Jorri Duursma's book provides an up-to-date and informed account of these important issues which also draws on recent experiences in Eastern Europe and Yugoslavia. It is the first book to provide a thorough international legal account of the European micro-states, and develops a novel approach to the problems of fragmentation.

The demilitarisation and neutralisation of the Aland Islands is a confirmation of, and an exception to, the collective security system in present-day international affairs. Its core idea is that there is no need for military presence in the territory of the islands and that they are to be kept out of military activities. A restricted use of military force has a confidence building effect in cases where competing interests may be so intense that banning the very presence of military force remains the only viable option. The regime of the Aland Islands is the result of pragmatic and contingent political compromises. As such, the case of the Aland Islands offers an alternative trajectory to the increased militarisation we witness around the world today. Through parliamentary and archival materials, international treaties and academic works, the authors examine the legal rules and institutional structures of the demilitarisation regime. In this process they reassess core concepts of international law and international affairs, such as sovereignty and security, and introduce a theoretical view on the empirical case study of the Aland Islands. The book covers legal, political and policy discursive aspects of demilitarisation, international co-operation, defence and security matters around the Baltic Sea with a broader European and global relevance. It can be a source of inspiration for all those in search of constructive efforts that can address territorial disputes and security challenges.

Thema des Buches ist das Verhaltnis von Volkerrecht und Landesrecht in der Rechtsprechung. Die Autorin untersucht die Praxis des Supreme Court der Vereinigten Staaten, des EuGH und des schweizerischen Bundesgerichts in Hinblick auf die Rezeption des internationalen Handelsrechts, der Menschenrechte und des internationalen Auslieferungsrechts. Im Zentrum der Analyse steht dabei nicht das theoretische Verhaltnis von Landes- und Volkerrecht, sondern der konkrete Umgang mit den volkerrechtlichen Vorgaben in den Entscheidungen der genannten Gerichte. Dabei werden die Entscheidungen des Supreme Court, des EuGH und des Bundesgerichts in ihrem politisch-historischen Kontext analysiert. Als theoretische Grundlage fur die Rezeptionsanalyse dient ein Modell, in dem die landesrechtliche und volkerrechtliche Rechtsmasse systemisch ineinandergreifen.

Die Grundungsvertrage Internationaler Organisationen unterliegen im Lauf der Zeit erheblichem Wandel, auch wenn ihr Wortlaut nicht geandert wird. Eine wesentliche Rolle kommt dabei der Praxis der Organisationen zu. Dieser Umstand lasst sich voelkerrechtlich auf die Auslegung durch die spatere UEbung der Vertragsparteien zuruckfuhren - es sei denn, die Grenzen der Interpretation werden uberschritten. Die Organe Internationaler Organisationen sind dabei mehr als blosse Versammlungen der Mitgliedstaaten: Die Voraussetzungen und Rechtsfolgen ihrer Praxis hangen von Zusammensetzung, Kompetenzen und Entscheidungsverfahren ab. Auf eine Analyse des einschlagigen Voelkerrechts folgen Fallstudien aus der Praxis der Vereinten Nationen, ihrer Sonderorganisationen und regionaler Organisationen. So wird der Ordnungsrahmen fur die Fortentwicklung Internationaler Organisationen durch Praxis systematisch dargestellt - ohne Gefahren fur Legitimation und rule of law auszublenden.

The increasingly sophisticated constitution of the European Union takes account of the fact that different areas of law and policy need to be tackled in different ways - some can be the subject of centralized decision-making, whilst others can only be dealt with at the intergovernmental level. This reality is represented in the European Union's three pillar structure. The best known pillar is the most centralized one - the EC. There are however two intergovernmental pillars - dealing with the common foreign and security policy and cooperation in justice and home affairs - which are becoming increasingly important. In this ground breaking examination of the public international law and Community methods used within the European Union, the author argues that the intergovernmental pillars have created possibilities for cooperation in areas where it would previously have been unthinkable.

"More than just another new theoretical study, this book really is a practical and useful tool that I sincerely recommend." From the foreword by Mr Marc van der Woude, President of the General Court of the European Union The new Rules of Procedure of the General Court, in force as of 2015, as well as the reform of the General Court and the re-establishment of a two-tier EU judiciary in September 2016 are the last bricks in the post-Lisbon legal structure governing litigation before the EU Courts. This work covers the already sizeable case-law developed after the completion of these reforms and explains the changes in the Courts' practice entailed by them. Written by experienced EU Court and Commission insiders, it gives a detailed and practice-oriented overview of the whole spectrum of litigation procedure before the EU judiciary. It also presents the entire system of judicial avenues that enable litigants to enforce their rights under EU law against European institutions, Member States or private parties. The book is thus a comprehensive reference tool for practising lawyers and helps them present their cases effectively, while at the same time offering valuable guidance to national judges dealing with cases raising points of EU law. Moreover, it provides insights into the reasoning process of the EU Courts, which will be of interest to scholars in the field, and is built around a structure that facilitates its use as a teaching material.

This compilation probably looks like one of the craziest things a human being could spend his or her time on. Yet nobody would wonder at someone taking a short walk every day - after twenty five years that person would have covered a surprisingly long distance. This is exactly the story behind this list, which appeared first as a few pages within the directory StarGuides (or whatever name it had at that time) and as a distinct sister publication since 1990. The idea behind this dictionary is to offer astronomers and related space scientists practical assistance in decoding the numerous abbreviations, acronyms, contractions and symbols which they might encounter in all aspects of the vast range of their professional activities, including traveling. Perhaps it is a bit paradoxical, but if scientists quickly grasp the meaning of an acronym solely in their own specific discipline, they will probably encounter more difficulties when dealing with adjacent fields. It is for this purpose that this dictionary might be most often used. Scientists might also refer to this compilation in order to avoid identifying a project by an acronym which already has too many meanings or confused definitions.

The fourth edition of this market-leading textbook offers students a clear framework for understanding the practice and logic of International Organizations Law. It is structured around the three defining relationships IOs engage in - namely, with their member states, with their organs and staff, and with the outside world. These different dynamics give rise to different concerns, which each help to explain the logic behind international institutional law. The text also discusses the essential topics of the law of IOs, including powers and finances, privileges and immunities, institutional structures, and accountability. By demonstrating how the theory works in practice, with recent examples, students will observe the impact and significance of International Organizations Law. Updated with the latest case law and literature, this new edition also contains discussions of the withdrawal of Israel and the US from UNESCO, Brexit, and the Covid-19 pandemic, and how these affect the law of international organizations.

This volume of the Netherlands Yearbook of International Law (NYIL) addresses the question how the assumption that states have a common obligation to achieve a collective public good can be reconciled with the fact that the 195 states of today's world are highly diverse and increasingly unequal in terms of size, population, politics, economy, culture, climate and historical development. The idea of common but differentiated responsibilities is on paper the perfect bridge between the factual inequality and formal equality of states. The acknowledgement that states can have common but still different - more or less onerous - obligations is predicated on the moral and legal concept of global solidarity. This book encompasses general contributions on the function and the content of the related principles, chapters that describe and evaluate how the principles work in a specific area of international law and chapters that address their efficiency and broader ramifications, in terms of compliance, free-rider behaviour and shifting balances of power. The originality of the book resides in the integration of conceptual, comparative and practical dimensions of the principles of global solidarity and common but differentiated responsibilities. The book is therefore highly recommended reading for both academics with a theoretical interest and those working within international organisations. The Netherlands Yearbook of International Law was first published in 1970. It offers a forum for the publication of scholarly articles in a varying thematic area of public international law.

This is the first monograph to scrutinize the relationship between the concept of international legal personality as a theoretical construct and the position of the ultimate subject, the individual, as a matter of positive international law. By testing the four main theoretical conceptions of international legal personality against historical and existing norms of positive international law that regulate the conduct of individuals, the book argues that the common narrative in contemporary scholarship about the development of the role of the individual in the international legal system is flawed. Contrary to conventional wisdom, international law did not apply to states alone until World War II, only to transform during the second half of the 20th century so as to include individuals as its subjects. Rather, the answer to the question of individual rights and obligations under international law is - and always was - strictly empirical. It follows, of course, that the entities governed by a particular norm tell us nothing about the legal system to which that norm belongs. Instead, the distinction between international law and national law turns exclusively on whether the source of the norm in question is international or national in kind. Against the background of these insights, the book shows how present-day international lawyers continue to allow an idea, which was never more than a scholarly invention of the 19th century, to influence the interpretation and application of international law. This state of affairs has significant real-world ramifications as international legal rights and obligations of individuals (and other non-state entities) are frequently applied more restrictively than interpretation without presumptions regarding 'personality' would merit.

The Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs includes articles and international law materials relating to the Republic of China on Taiwan and contemporary Asia-Pacific issues. This volume provides insight into the South China Sea Arbitration, cross-strait relations and Taiwan's New Southbound Policy. Questions and comments can be directed to the editorial board of the Yearbook by email at [email protected]

With growing numbers of independent schools (pre-school, primary and secondary), vocational colleges and universities seeking to establish themselves internationally, this new text focuses on the complex legal and regulatory requirements of setting up an educational institution overseas. As these institutions expand into the global arena - where there is a preference for adopting the UK model, supported by government contracts and foreign investment - traditional advisers to the independent education market increasingly need to understand the multi-disciplinary aspects of setting up abroad. Therefore, this book will make essential reading for all lawyers, accountants and school governing bodies involved with international expansion. Private equity investors, who need to understand the due diligence process specific to this sector and the structuring of their partnerships with potential 'sister schools', plus commercial property and real estate consultants involved in the actual building of overseas institutions, will also find this book invaluable. The content examines market viability, the challenges of managing an international educational business, business plans, sustaining relationships, IP issues, data protection, international employment matters, tax considerations, brand protection and corporate structure. There is also a detailed country-by-country comparative analysis which is intended to inform the decision as to where to set up an educational establishment overseas. The text is further enhanced by numerous case studies. In summary, this comprehensive handbook will provide a trusted guide for legal and business markets to the risk profiling, structural analysis and regulatory compliance issues that face all educational organisations seeking to establish themselves internationally.

As of the end of 2015, there were 40.8 civilians who had been internally displaced by conflicts and effects of natural disasters in various parts of the world. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are currently the largest group of persons receiving assistance from some of the main international humanitarian organisations. With the largest concentration of internally displaced persons (IDPs), the African continent has been the worst affected region. While previously IDPs have largely been neglected under international law, the first-ever continental binding treaty on internal displacement, the African Union Convention on the Protection of and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons (the Kampala Convention), entered into force on 6 December 2012. As of January 2016, 25 states have ratified the instrument while 40 states have become signatories. This book significantly contributes to the study, policy making and practice on managing internal displacement by presenting the first major systematic examination of the evolution, elements and implementation of the Kampala Convention. It explores the responsibility of the state for the protection of IDPs particularly those who are most vulnerable during armed conflicts, internal strife, natural disasters, human rights violations and other circumstances. The status of ratification of the Convention is reviewed as well as the steps currently being undertaken by governments to implement the Convention. It also analyses the contribution by human rights mechanisms, inter-governmental bodies and UN peace-keeping missions in the implementation of the Convention. The book casts the Kampala Convention in broader institutional and normative developments in Africa and beyond. It demonstrates how concepts such as 'responsibility to protect' and 'sovereignty as responsibility' have begun to make inroads; influencing some of the more progressive instruments adopted by the African Union. It also sheds light on the relationship between the Convention and some regional instruments. In assessing the effectiveness of the Kampala Convention Allehone Abebe argues that the link between the Convention and initiatives on development, human rights and governance in Africa should be fully fostered.

What does it mean to be resilient in a societal or in an international context? Where does resilience come from? From which discipline was it 'imported' into international relations (IR)? If a particular government employs the meaning of resilience to its own benefit, should scholars reject the analytical purchase of the concept of resilience as a whole? Does a government have the monopoly of understanding how resilience is defined and applied? This book addresses these questions. Even though resilience in global politics is not new, a major shift is currently happening in how we understand and apply resilience in world politics. Resilience is indeed increasingly theorised, rather than simply employed as a noun; it has left the realm of vocabulary and entered the terrain of concept. This book demonstrates the multiple origins of resilience, traces the diverse expressions of resilience in IR to various historical markers, and propose a theory of resilience in world politics.

Climate change and rising oil prices have thrust the Arctic to the top of the foreign policy agenda and raised difficult issues of sovereignty, security and environmental protection. Improved access for shipping and resource development is leading to new international rules on safety, pollution prevention and emergency response. Around the Arctic, maritime boundary disputes are being negotiated and resolved, and new international institutions, such as the Arctic Council, are mediating deep-rooted tensions between Russia and NATO and between nation states and indigenous peoples. International Law and the Arctic explains these developments and reveals a strong trend towards international cooperation and law-making. It thus contradicts the widespread misconception that the Arctic is an unregulated zone of potential conflict.

Scholars have long argued that transparency makes international rule violations more visible and improves outcomes. Secrets in Global Governance revises this claim to show how equipping international organizations (IOs) with secrecy can be a critical tool for eliciting sensitive information and increasing cooperation. States are often deterred from disclosing information about violations of international rules by concerns of revealing commercially sensitive economic information or the sources and methods used to collect intelligence. IOs equipped with effective confidentiality systems can analyze and act on sensitive information while preventing its wide release. Carnegie and Carson use statistical analyses of new data, elite interviews, and archival research to test this argument in domains across international relations, including nuclear proliferation, international trade, justice for war crimes, and foreign direct investment. Secrets in Global Governance brings a groundbreaking new perspective to the literature of international relations.

Die Arbeit konnte zeigen, dass es moeglich ist, einen im universellen Voelkerrecht gultigen Ansatz einer Schutzpflichtendogmatik zu entwickeln. Die Arbeit war auf konventionellen Menschenrechten aufzubauen, da Schutzrechte derzeit nur aus der Rechtsquelle "Voelkervertragsrecht" folgen. Dabei waren die 3 bedeutendsten regionalen und universellen Abkommen (EMRK, IPbpR, AMRK) und ihre Spruchpraxis zu untersuchen. Sodann waren die wesentlichen Fragen, die sich im Zusammenhang mit voelkerrechtlichen Schutzrechten und -pflichten stellen zu identifizieren, systematisch zu ordnen und zu beantworten. Entsprechend waren die Teile und Kapitel der Arbeit aufzubauen. Ausfuhrungen zu Normzugehoerigkeit und Normstruktur voelkerrechtlicher Schutzrechte waren in Teil 2 voranzustellen, um sie im "praktischen" Teil 3 anzuwenden. In Teil 3 wurde kapitelweise untersucht: Allgemeingut, Rechtsgrund und Tatbestandsvoraussetzungen voelkerrechtlicher Schutzrechte, ihre Rechtsfolgen (Schutzpflichten) sowie Prozessuales.

Gegenstand der Arbeit ist zum einen die Frage, inwieweit der bereits aus der Antike bekannte Grundsatz ne bis in idem heute uber volkerrechtliche Regelungen zwischenstaatliche Wirkung entfaltet. Zum anderen wird untersucht, welche Auswirkungen die Entwicklung dieses Grundsatzes auf die Auslegung der nationalen deutschen Regelung des Doppelstrafverbots in Artikel 103 Abs. 3 GG hat. Die Autorin setzt sich mit Art und Umfang der Geltung des Doppelstrafverbotes im internationalen, europaischen und deutschen Rechtsbereich auseinander. Fur Praktiker ist das Werk von besonderem Interesse, weil es die neuen Regelungen der Artikel 54 ff. des Schengener Durchfuhrungsubereinkommens interpretiert und kommentiert. Diese Artikel sind im deutschen Recht unmittelbar anwendbar. Gegenuber den bisherigen nationalen Regelungen stellen sie Erweiterungen dar, die sich im Strafverfolgungsrecht auswirken.
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