This volume discusses contemporary techniques, technologies, and solutions for industrial wastewater remediation and treatment. It covers biological, chemical, and physical aspects of wastewater treatment, with a background on the generation of wastewater associated with different industries, as well as a comparison of traditional treatment technologies with new advancements. The authors also describe the reuse and recovery of nutrients and precious metals from wastewater, and how such sustainable strategies can be incorporated into industrial wastewater planning and legislation. The book also contains practical and theoretical aspects of various industries and their wastewater management practices in a changing climate, with an emphasis on recent research examining the environmental impact of wastewater. The work will be of interest to students, teachers, and researchers studying wastewater pollution and remediation, wastewater management-based NGOs, and people involved in the planning and legislation of industrial operations.

Addressing the techno-socio-economic challenges involved in the protection, conservation, recycling and equitable utilization of water as an economic good, this text explores the linkages and dynamics of interactions involving water, and includes the following key topic areas: dynamics of interactions involving water; water quality; augmentation and conservation of water resources; wastewater reuse systems; use of water in agriculture; industrial and municipal uses of water; water pollution; economics and management of water supplies; etiology of water-related diseases; climate change impacts on water resources and paradigms of water resource management.

An updated edition of an underground classic This is the 4th edition of a self-published book that no respectable publisher would touch with a ten-foot shovel. The 1st edition was published in 1994 with a print run of 600 copies, which the author expected to watch decompose in his garage for the rest of his life. Now, 24 years later, the book has sold over 65,000 print copies in the U.S. alone, been translated in whole or in part into 19 languages and been published in foreign editions on four continents. The previous editions won numerous awards, including the Independent Publisher Outstanding Book of the Year Award, deeming the book "Most Likely to Save the Planet." The book has been mentioned on such diverse media outlets as: Mother Earth News, Whole Earth Review, Countryside Journal, The Journal of Environmental Quality, Natural Health, NPR, BBC, CBC, Howard Stern, The Wall Street Journal, Playboy Magazine, Organic Gardening Magazine, the History Channel, Tree House Masters, and many other national and international venues. The 4th edition is a completely revised, expanded, and updated version of what has become an underground classic bestseller. The author draws from 40 years of research, experience, and travel, to expand and clarify your knowledge and understanding of... your poop! Not only does the book address what to do with human turds, but it is also a priceless manual for anyone involved in composting or gardening, or looking for basic survival skills. There is no other book like this in print!

"Trash is a bit like birds. Both have their favourite habitats. I thought it might be worth taking a closer look at what we throw away and what it says about us. To follow the journey of the items we buy and discard. I wanted to find out more about what they're made of and what fate the future has in store for them." It starts with a day at the beach. A single white sock in the sand that somehow seems to spoil everything. It's enough to send Polish reporter and ornithologist Stanislaw Lubienski on a quest to understand what we throw away, where it goes and whether it will be our lasting legacy. By analysing items he unearths on his trips into nature - a plastic bottle, a tube of Russian penis-enlargement cream, a cigarette butt, an empty aerosol can - tracing their origins, their destination and the harm they can do, he shows how our consumer society has developed out of our control, to the point of environmental catastrophe. He also looks with a birdwatcher's eye at how various animals have come to adapt to and even rely on the rubbish we pollute their environment with, and at the cultural significance of trash and rubbish and the origins of our throw-away society. And in the finest Gonzo traditions, he inserts himself into his narrative by exmaning his own "environmental neurosis" and by going out with refuse crews to watch them work. Translated from the Polish by Zosia Krasodomska-Jones

Dieser Band gibt einen UEberblick zu den Vorkommen und Lagerungsverhaltnissen eiszeitlich gebildeter, quartarer Gesteine und fasst schwerpunktmassig Untersuchungsergebnisse zu ihren chemisch-mineralogischen Barriereeigenschaften zusammen. Ausfuhrlich werden Informationen zum Aufbau, zur Zusammensetzung und zum Schadstoffruckhaltepotenzial des geologischen Untergrundes der Deponie Ihlenberg (NW-Mecklenburg) vorgestellt. Die Notwendigkeit von detaillierten Kenntnissen des physikalisch-chemischen Milieus in den Sedimenten fur die Analyse und Bewertung des Schadstoff-ruckhaltevermoegens geologischer Barrieren wird unterstrichen. Neben komprimierten Methoden-beschreibungen nehmen ausfuhrliche Interpretationen der Untersuchungsergebnisse und daraus abgeleitete Eignungskriterien sowie Handlungsempfehlungen fur die Durchfuhrung von Erkundungsarbeiten einen breiten Raum ein.

Gegenstand des vorliegenden Bandes Erkundungspraxis ist die Erkundung der geologischen Barriere typischer Teststandorte aus verschiedenen Regionen Deutschlands. Bei der Standortuntersuchung hat es sich bewahrt, mit flachenhafter Erkundung, wie geologischer Kartierung, Geofernerkundung, geophysikalischer Vermessung und oberflachen-geo-chemischer Aufnahme zu beginnen und danach die punktweise Erkundung gezielt anzusetzen mit Schurfen, Sondierungen, Bohrungen, Grundwasser-messstellenausbau, Bohrloch-unter-suchungen, Bohrkernaufnahme und Laborversuchen sowie geochemischen Grundwasseruntersuchungen. Zu allen diesen Erkundungs-schritten gibt es methodische Beispiele in diesem Band, aus denen Hinweise zu Aufwand und Nutzen der Unter-suchungen entnommen und auf andere Standorte ubertragen werden konnen. Der komprimierten Beschreibung der Methodik folgt eine ausfuhrliche Darstellung der Ergebnisse."

The book focuses on a global issue-municipal solid waste management (MSWM) and presents the most effective solutions based on energy recovery processes. There is huge potential in employing different technologies and modern management methodology for recovering energy from various waste streams to establish a sustainable and circular economy. In several countries, energy recovery from municipal solid wastes (MSW) is seen as a way of reducing the negative impact of waste on the environment and also reducing the burden on land resources. The book primarily focuses on highlighting the latest insights into energy recovery from various waste streams in different countries, with a particular emphasis on India. Further, it paves the way for sustainability in the energy sector as a whole by addressing waste management issues and simultaneous energy recovery. The chapters present high-quality research papers selected and presented in the conference, IconSWM 2018.

This volume presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Innovative Technologies for Clean and Sustainable Development (ICITCSD - 2021), held at the National Institute of Technical Teachers Training & Research and Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India. It covers several important aspects of sustainable civil engineering practices, dealing with effective waste and material management, natural resources, industrial products, energy, food, transportation and shelter, environmental impact mitigation, waste minimization and management, sustainable infrastructure, and geospatial technology for sustainable and clean environment. Emphasis is placed on conserving and protecting the environment and the natural resource base essential for future development. The book includes case studies and ongoing research work from various fields related to civil engineering presented by academicians, scientists, and researchers. The book also discusses engineering solutions to sustainable development and green design issues. Special emphasis is given on qualitative guidelines for the generation, treatment, handling, transport, disposal, and recycling of wastes. The book is intended as a practice-oriented reference guide for researchers and practitioners. It will be useful for anyone working in sustainable civil engineering and related fields.

Electronic waste, which includes everything from refrigerators to smartphones, is one of the world's fastest growing waste streams. Often these items are simply discarded as new technology becomes available. A huge amount of electronic waste is generated globally and currently only around 20% of it is recycled. The complex mixture of materials and components within electronic waste makes it difficult to manage and many of these components can pose hazards to human health or the environment if not disposed of carefully. There have been significant changes in the global approach to electronic waste management and the legislation around it since the publication of the first edition of Electronic Waste Management. This new edition provides an updated overview across the world as well as presenting new chapters on current issues in recycling and management of this waste. This is an essential reference not only for those working in recycling and waste management, but also for those working in manufacturing and product development who wish to consider the full lifecycle of their products. It also provides valuable insights for policymakers developing more environmentally sound and sustainable systems and strategies for the management of electronic waste.

This book discusses the latest advancements in the area of biofuel development. It covers extensive information regarding different aspects and types of biofuels. The book provides a road map of the various different kinds of biofuels available for consideration, including both conventional and advanced algal based biofuels, replete with the economic analysis of their production and implementation. The contributors are experienced professors, academicians and scientists associated with renowned laboratories and institutes in India and abroad. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, biofuel scientists, capacity builders and policymakers. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students. National and international scientists, policy makers will also find this to be a useful read.

This book explores the dilemma of siting a high-level nuclear waste (HLNW) repository. The authors examine siting conflicts from a variety of perspectives - political, psychological, and sociological - and identify the fundamental determinants of public opposition to waste disposal facilities as a means of designing more effective approaches to solving the typical siting dilemma. In assessing the causes of public opposition, the book draws on various surveys of attitudes toward the repository as a function of predictors such as perceptions of risk, benefits, and fairness. Exploring the factors that underlie public opposition to a repository enables one to understand why current siting efforts have failed. More importantly, the data are useful in defining what new strategies might be effective in obtaining public consent for a HLNW storage facility. One of the primary conclusions is that the current impasse in the siting of a HLNW repository stems primarily from a lack of national consensus on the need for such a facility. The book also recommends the need for a fair' siting process and the authors strongly favor a voluntary process to solve the siting dilemma. Such a process was initiated in the U.S. by the 1987 Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act; the process of finding a volunteer site has proven to be difficult, but there are signs that this process can work. Finally, the book focuses on the problems associated with siting a HLNW repository by treating this case as a generic example of the more basic siting dilemma. The analysis of public opposition and the recommendations we make for successful siting can be generalized to almost any attempt to site a noxious facility.

Nuclear technology places special demands on society and both nuclear weapons and nuclear energy for peaceful purposes require a large measure of security and monitoring at the international level. This book focuses on nuclear waste management, which can work in democratic countries only if viewed as legitimate by the population. This book posits the inability of democracies to establish such legitimacy as an explanation for the current absence of public policy decisions that can identify a solution. The problems are such that they can be resolved only if fundamental aspects of the modern notion of legitimacy are set aside.

Since production, treatment and disposal of anthropogenic wastes are among the challenging ecological and social problems of the present and future repositories must be constructed and maintained especially with regard to long-term safety. This volume expertises research results of natural geochemical cycles in connection with the disposal of anthropogenic wastes, the role of fluids in marine evaporites and the composition of salt domes as a criterion for evaluating the long-term safety of underground repositories for anthropogenic wastes. It is addressed to engineers and scientists confronted with these problems.

Looking at the politics of nuclear waste, this book examines the subject from an international standpoint. Other works by the author Andrew Blowers include "The Limits of Power" and "Something in the Air", and he has been co-editor on books such as "Nuclear Power in Crisis".

While it is not possible to predict - or necessarily prevent - terrorist incidents in which chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) are deployed, correctly chosen, fast, and reliable detection equipment will allow prepared rescue workers to respond quickly and minimize potential casualties. Detection Technologies for Chemical Warfare Agents and Toxic Vapors discusses the principles, instrumentation, and context for applying technologies such as ion mobility spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, colorimetric chemistry, and flame ionization to the detection of TICs and lethal CWAs. It conveys techniques - some of which have been patented by the authors - developed for generating vapors and closely imitating potential environmental effects in a laboratory setting, specifically for the testing and evaluation of hand-held, portable, and remote devices. This book also provides a comprehensive list of toxic industrial chemicals classified in terms of hazardousness and their physical, chemical, and toxicological properties. Following a brief historical overview, the text also includes a review of federal detection requirements and the government's rationale for preparedness and response. By providing insight on the behavior of toxic chemicals, the authors hope to minimize the fear and chaotic effect in a potential event involving chemical agents. Well written and accessible to technical and non-technical audiences, no other book focuses on analytical methods and explains current detection devices for chemical warfare agents.

Landfill, as an indispensable part of every waste management system, is subject to a critical revision. The existing scientific, technical, and regulatory concepts are discussed in group reports on the basis of 14 review papers. Landfills are considered as chemical and biological reactors, which can be active over a time span of several centuries. Thus the common goal of the participants of the workshop was to define both scientific and technical criteria for landfills with final storage quality. This new concept is of fundamental importance for environmental engineers and scientists.

Environments at Risk is designed as an introductory text and uses case histories of environmental impact assessment to raise issues important in controlling environmental problems. This approach is novel as is the concentration on assessment procedures. In his twenty years of involvement with such cases, Professor Ellis developed his own method of approach for auditing environmental impact assessments, a method which will help readers appraise similar cases in which they are involved, either as concerned citizen, environmental managers or assessors.

A plethora of new actors has in recent years entered China's environmental arena. In Western countries, the linkages and diffusion processes between such actors often drive environmental movements. Through a study of Chinese anti-incineration contention, Chinese Environmental Contention: Linking Up against Waste Incineration investigates how the different contentious actors in China's green sphere link up, and what this means for environmental contention. It addresses questions such as: What lies behind the notable increase of environmental protests in China? And what are the potentials for the emergence of an environmental movement? The book shows that a complex network of ties has emerged in China's environmental realm under Hu Jintao. Affected communities across the country have connected with each other and with national-level environmentalists, experts and lawyers. Such networked contention fosters both local campaigns and national-level policy advocacy. Beyond China, the detailed case studies shed light on the dynamics behind the diffusion of contention under restrictive political conditions.

The Business of Mining complete set of three Focus books provides readers with a holistic all-embracing appraisal of the analytical tools available for assessing the economic viability of prospective mines. Each volume has a discrete focus. This third volume commences with "Our Earth, its Minerals and Ore Bodies", followed by a review of mineral exploration and sampling of mineral deposits. It continues with detailed sections covering the reporting of mineral resources and reserves in Australia, and concludes with the basic principles and application of the various methods of estimating the in-situ mineral resources and ore reserves. The books were written primarily for undergraduate applied geologists, mining engineers and extractive metallurgists and those pursuing course-based postgraduate programs in mineral economics. However, the complete series will also be an extremely useful reference text for practicing mining professionals as well as for consultant geologists, mining engineers or primary metallurgists.

Offering a comprehensive approach, this title covers fundamentals, technologies, and management of biological processing of solid waste. It discusses kinetic modeling and synergistic impact evolution during bioprocessing of solid waste, environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emission from biological processing of solid waste, energy recovery from solid waste, and biodrying of solid waste. It also presents cases and challenges from different countries, successful business models, and economic analyses of various processing options. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals in solid and hazardous waste management, this title offers a wealth of knowledge to help readers understand this increasingly important area.

The Technology Program GAST was executed from 1981 to 1987 as a German-Spanish joint program aiming at the development and the investigation of necessary solar specific components and software for a gas-cooled tower power station of medium size. After the tests had been successfully completed at the Plata forma Solar de Almeria in 1987, the proceedings are now presented to inform the experts and the public about these developments and their results. Not intending to anticipate a detailed valuation of the results, however, we as the project monitors of the Technology program resume that the intended aims are nearly entirely achieved and that principally the way for the construction and operation of a gas cooled solar tower power plant has been prepared. Essential for this successful completion were not only a promising concept, a careful design, a precise plan ning, solid fabrication and installation as well as careful tests, but also the extraordinarily good cooperation between the engaged companies, institutes, organisations and advisory groups."

In computational mechanics, the first and quite often the most difficult part of a problem is the correct formulation of the problem. This is usually done in terms of differential equations. Once this formulation is accomplished, the translation of the governing differential equations into accurate, stable, and physically realistic difference equations can be a formidable task. By comparison, the numerical evaluation of these difference equations in order to obtain a solution is usually much simpler. The present notes are primarily concerned with the second task, that of deriving accurate, stable, and physically realistic difference equations from the governing differential equations. Procedures for the numerical evaluation of these difference equations are also presented. In later applications, the physical formulation of the problem and the properties of the numerical solution, especially as they are related to the numerical approximations inherent in the solution, are discussed. There are numerous ways to form difference equations from differential equations.

In India, you can still find the kabaadiwala, the rag-and-bone man. He wanders from house to house buying old newspapers, broken utensils, plastic bottles-anything for which he can get a little cash. This custom persists and recreates itself alongside the new economies and ecologies of consumer capitalism. Waste of a Nation offers an anthropological and historical account of India's complex relationship with garbage. Countries around the world struggle to achieve sustainable futures. Assa Doron and Robin Jeffrey argue that in India the removal of waste and efforts to reuse it also lay waste to the lives of human beings. At the bottom of the pyramid, people who work with waste are injured and stigmatized as they deal with sewage, toxic chemicals, and rotting garbage. Terrifying events, such as atmospheric pollution and childhood stunting, that touch even the wealthy and powerful may lead to substantial changes in practices and attitudes toward sanitation. And innovative technology along with more effective local government may bring about limited improvements. But if a clean new India is to emerge as a model for other parts of the world, a "binding morality" that reaches beyond the current environmental crisis will be required. Empathy for marginalized underclasses-Dalits, poor Muslims, landless migrants-who live, almost invisibly, amid waste produced predominantly for the comfort of the better-off will be the critical element in India's relationship with waste. Solutions will arise at the intersection of the traditional and the cutting edge, policy and practice, science and spirituality.

The energy crisis in 1973 and 1979 initiated a great number of activities and programs for low and high temperature applica tion of solar energy. Synthetic fuels and chemicals produced by solar energy is one of them, where temperatures in the range of o 600-1000 e or even higher are needed. In principle such high temperatures can be produced in solar towers. For electricity production, the feasibility and operation of solar tower plants has been examined during the SSPS - project (Small Solar Power System) in Almeria, Spain. The objective of Solar Thermal Energy Utilization is to extend the experience from the former SSPS - program in to the field of solar produced synthetic fuels. New materials and technolo gies have to be developed in order to research this goal. Metallic components now in use for solar receivers need to be improved with respect to transient operation or possibly replaced by ceramics. High temperature processes, like steam-methane reforming, coal conversion and hydrogen produc tion need to be developed or at least adapted for the unconven tional solar operation. Therefore Solar Thermal Energy Utiliza tion is a long term program, which needs time for its develop ment much more time than the intervals expected in between further energy crisis. The "Studies on Technology and Applica tion on Solar Energy Utilization" is a npcessary stpp in the right direction in order to prepare for the energy problems in the future."