Ingenieurgeochemie nutzt die Kenntnis naturlicher Prozesse der Schadstoffverteilung aus umweltgeochemischen Untersuchungen fur die Entwicklung und Erfolgskontrolle auf naturlichen Ressourcen basierender Entsorgungstechnologien. Der Schwerpunkt der darstellung liegt auf dem Verstandnis der Wirkungsweise ausserer und innerer Barrierensysteme zur physikalischen Stabilisierung und chemischen Immobilisierung von Schadstoffen.

Neue Beitrage zu Sickerwasserprognosen, zum Langzeitverhalten von Deponien, zur Stabilisierung von Bergbaualtlasten und zu Baggergut-Unterwasserdepots erganzen das Buch in der zweiten Auflage. Mit Beispielen aus den Projekten und Studien KORA, RUBIN, SEDYMO, SIWAP (BMBF), AquaTerra (EU), Elbe (HPA) und Rhein (POR)."

Boden-, Luft- und Grundwasserverunreinigungen durch gesundheitsgefahrdende Abfallstoffe z.B. durch Ablagerung auf industriell genutzten Flachen und auf Deponien oder durch Leckagen von Tanklagern, Rohrleitungen oder Abwasserkanalen sind in vielen industrialisierten Landern zu einem ernsten Problem geworden. Ein in Wissenschaft und Praxis der Sanierung von Altlasten, z.B. Deponien, Altablagerungen, alten Industriestandorten, erfahrenes Herausgeber- und Autorenteam gibt einen am Stand der Technik und am okonomisch Machbaren orientierten und kritisch bewerteten Uberblick uber die Sanierungstechnologien. Fur Industriebetriebe jeder Branche, fur Zulassungs- und Gewerbeaufsichtsamter, Behorden fur Abfall, Abwasser, Umweltschutz oder Altlastensanierung in Bund, Landern und Gemeinden, fur Unternehmen der Sanierungs-, Tiefbau- und Geotechnik, fur Politiker, Unternehmer und Verwaltungsspitzen ist das Werk ein wertvoller Ratgeber. Fur die dritte Auflage wurden alle Beitrage komplett uberarbeitet; wichtige Beitrage zu aktuellen Themen wurden zusatzlich aufgenommen.

Mit einem Geleitwort von Dr. Angela Merkel."

An overview of the cultural evolution of material flows and stocks with an emphasis on the design of metabolic processes in urban systems. Over the last several thousand years of human life on Earth, agricultural settlements became urban cores, and these regional settlements became tightly connected through infrastructures transporting people, materials, and information. This global network of urban systems, including ecosystems, is the anthroposphere; the physical flows and stocks of matter and energy within it form its metabolism. This book offers an overview of the metabolism of the anthroposphere, with an emphasis on the design of metabolic systems. It takes a cultural historical perspective, supported with methodology from the natural sciences and engineering. The book will be of interest to scholars and practitioners in the fields of regional development, environmental protection, and material management. It will also be a resource for undergraduate and graduate students in industrial ecology, environmental engineering, and resource management. The authors describe the characteristics of material stocks and flows of human settlements in space and time; introduce the method of material flow analysis (MFA) for metabolic studies; analyze regional metabolism and the material systems generated by basic activities; and offer four case studies of optimal metabolic system design: phosphorus management, urban mining, waste management, and mobility. This second edition of an extremely influential book has been substantially revised and greatly expanded. Its new emphasis on design and resource utilization reflects recent debates and scholarship on sustainable development and climate change.

Conversion of waste into value-added products such as energy transforms a potential environmental problem into a sustainable solution. Energy from Waste: Production and Storage focuses on the conversion of waste from various sources for use in energy production and storage applications. It provides the state-of-the-art in developing advanced materials and chemicals for energy applications using wastes and discusses the various treatment processes and technologies. Covers synthesis of usable materials from various types of waste and their application in energy production and storage Presents an overview and applications of wastes for green energy production and storage Provides fundamentals of electrochemical behavior and understanding of energy devices such as fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, and solar cells Elaborates on advanced technologies used to convert waste into green biochemical energy This work provides new direction to scientists, researchers, and students in materials and chemical engineering and related subjects seeking to sustainable solutions to energy production and waste management.

This book provides extensive information on the chemicals that inhabit our environment, our food, our water and our air and the impact that they may be having on human health. The author is a medical scientist, with training in the law. The book documents current understanding about pesticides in food, the plastics revolution, toxic metals, air, water and electronic waste pollutants, chemical exposure in the workplace, radiation pollutants, chemical exposure and hearing loss, how our bodies deal with chemicals, genetic variability and the risk of disease, the effect of chemicals on genes, mitochondria and the immune system and what we can do about it all. Industrialisation has resulted in many thousands of chemicals, which are being continuously developed and often escaping from where they are used into our human environment, without us really knowing enough about them. In high dosages or with continuous small dosage, the evidence suggests, that many of them could interfere with human health and some of them are known to be doing so. But for the vast majority, we are left wondering whether some could be responsible for some diseases the causes of which are inadequately understood. Every chapter is thoroughly reinforced with several pages of references from the peer-reviewed literature.

Most of the nuclear facilities built since the Second World War have ceased active operation and have been decommissioned. Some of the sites are heavily contaminated with radioactive substances. Correct and efficient action to mitigate the radiological consequences of such contamination will only be possible when the behaviour of radionuclides in the terrestrial environment is sufficiently well known. Yet radioecologists often find it difficult to study the transfer of radioactivity in agricultural land and semi-natural ecosystems, because of the complexity and diversity of such environments. The present book presents an analysis of all the factors that affect the behaviour of radionuclides as they move from their point of release through the environment and then enter the tissues of biota living in the ecosystems, in particular plants and animals consumed by humans. The course on which the book is based was held in a region that is heavily contaminated by radioactive discharges into the environment during nuclear weapons fabrication in the 1950s and '60s, and due to a severe accidental release following the explosion of a rad-waste tank in 1957. This allowed in situ training of the students. The book's main emphasis is on specific radioecological problems in severely contaminated areas in the former Soviet Union: the Southern Urals Trail, the rivers Techa-Isert-Tobol-Irtis-Ob, and the 30 km zone around Chernobyl. Systems examined include soils, arable and pasture land, forests, lakes and rivers. Special attention is paid to the effects of radiation on natural ecosystems: trees, soil-dwelling organisms, and aquatic organisms. Synergistic effects are also considered. Short, medium and long term countermeasures are discussed.

Garbage, wastewater, hazardous waste: these are the lenses through which Melosi views nineteenth- and twentieth-century America. In broad overviews and specific case studies, Melosi treats the relationship between industrial expansion and urban growth from an ecological perspective.

Wastewater management in developing countries throughout the world is in a state of crisis. It is estimated that 2.6 billion people worldwide live without adequate sanitation. Resources are scarce, previous management systems have failed, and traditional techniques and solutions are not immediate enough, too expensive, or simply inefficient. This book investigates the complex political, economic, and cultural reasons that so many developing nations lack the ability to provide proper and effective wastewater treatment for their citizens. The authors draw upon their experiences in Malaysia, Thailand, and other countries to inspire innovation and improvement in wastewater treatment and management. They examine the failures of traditional planning, design, and implementation, and offer localized solutions that will yield effective sustainable management systems. These solutions include reuse of treated wastewater, energy conservation, and proper financial and organizational set up. Sustainable Wastewater Management in Developing Countries will urge practitioners, decision makers, and researchers to approach these systems in new ways that are practical ,innovative, and - best of all - sustainable.

As oil reserves decline and the environment takes centre stage in public policy discussions, the merits and dangers of nuclear power and nuclear waste management are once again being debated. Nuclear Waste Management in Canada provides a critical counterpoint to the position of government and industry by examining not only the technical but also the social and ethical aspects of the issue. What do frequently used terms such as safety, risk, and acceptability really mean? And how and why did the public consultation process in Canada fail to address ethical and social issues? This timely collection defuses the uncertainty, ambiguity, and ignorance that surrounds discussions of nuclear energy.

Industrial ecology (IE) is a rapidly growing scienti?c discipline that is concerned with the sustainability of industrial systems under explicit consideration of its int- dependence with natural systems. In recent years, there has been an ever-increasing awareness about the applicability of Input-Output Analysis (IOA) to IE, in particular to LCA (life cycle assessment) and MFA (material ?ow analysis). This is witnessed in the growing number of papers at ISIE (International Society for Industrial Ec- ogy) conferences, which use IOA, and also by the installment of subject editors on IOA in the International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. It can be said that IE has become a major ?eld of application for IOA. The broadening of users of IOA from various backgrounds implies a need for a self-contained textbook on IOA that can meet the needs of students and practitioners without compromising on basic c- cepts and the latest developments. This book was written with the aim of ?lling this need, and is primarily addressed to students and practitioners of IE. As the title suggests, the core contents of the book have grown out of our research in IOA of waste management issues over the last decade. We have been fascinated by the versatile nature of IOA with regard to various technical issues of waste m- agement in particular, and to IE in general. For us (both economists by training), IOA has turned out to be extremely useful in establishing productive communi- tion with scientists and engineers interested in IE.

This open access book provides new perspectives on circular economy and space, explored towards the definition of regenerative territories characterised by healthy metabolisms. Going beyond the mere reuse/recycle of material waste as resources, this work aims to understand how to apply circularity principles to, among others, the regeneration of wastescapes. The main focus is the development over time, and in particular the way how spatial planning and strategies respond to new unpredictable urgencies and opportunities related with territorial metabolisms. The book specifically focuses on living labs environments, where it is possible to tackle complex problems through a multidisciplinary and multi-stakeholder approach - including the use of digital spatial decision support environment - which could be able to include all the involved stakeholders. Through a spatial scope of circularity, this book describes several examples including among others ideas from different contexts such as Italy, The Netherlands, Belgium and Vietnam. Through including reflections on methodology and representation, as well as on solutions for circular and healthy metabolisms, the book provides an excellent resource to researchers and students.

Plastics & Sustainability clearly lays out the thorny and contentious issues that we encounter at the nexus of plastics and sustainability. The book serves as a practical guide for making sustainability decisions about how plastics are made and used, including current developments in the newest bio-based plastics. Designers, marketers, academics, and engineers will all find something of value in this balanced and thoughtful second edition. Increased public scrutiny of plastics materials and the plastics industry has led, paradoxically, to both a deeper understanding and growing confusion about polymers, their origins, their uses, their risks, and ultimately their disposal. The author makes objective comparisons among major polymer grades and bioplastics including their life cycle assessments and practical performance in commercial applications.

Presents recent challenges related to new forms of pollution from industries and discusses adequate state-of-the-art technologies capable to remediate such forms of pollution. Over the past few decades the boom in the industrial sector has contributed to the release in the environment of pollutants that have no regulatory status and which may have significant impact on the health of humans and animals. These pollutants also referred to as "emerging pollutants", are mostly aromatic compounds which derive from excretion of pharmaceutical, industrial effluents and municipal discharge. It is recurrent these days to find water treatment plants which no longer produce water that fits the purpose of domestic consumption based on newly established guidelines. This situation has prompted water authorities and researchers to develop tools for proper prediction and control of the dispersion of pollutants in the environment to ensure that appropriate measures are taken to prevent the occurrence of outbreaks due to sudden load of these pollutants in the water system. The chapters in this book cover a wide range of nano and bio-based techniques that have been designed for the real time detection of emerging contaminants in environmental water sources, geochemical models that are continuously improved for the prediction of inorganic contaminants migration from the mine solid wastes into ground and surface waters. Remediation strategies are also discussed and include effective techniques based on nanotechnology, advanced membrane filtration, oxidative and bio-degradation processes using various types of nanocatalysts, biocatalysts or supporting polymer matrices which are under advanced investigations for their implementation at large scale for the removal of recalcitrant pollutants from polluted water. Nano and Bio-Based Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Prediction and Control Tools for the Dispersion of Pollutants in the Environment is divided is two sections. The first section covers the occurrence of emerging pollutants in environmental water while the second section covers state-of-the-art research on the removal of emerging pollutants from water using sustainable technologies. A total of 13 chapters addressing various topics related to the two sections are essentially based on recent developments in the respective field which could have a significant impact on the enhancement of the performance of wastewater treatment plants around the world, and especially in developing countries where access to clean and safe water remains a daily challenge.

The two-volume set Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering is concerned with the application of the principles of mechanics to physical, chemical and electro-magnetic processes in the upper-most layers of the earth and the design and construction of the rock structures associated with civil engineering and exploitation or extraction of natural resources in mining and petroleum engineering. Volume 1, Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, discusses rock-constituting elements, discontinuities and their behavior under various physical and chemical actions in nature. The governing equations together with constitutive laws and experimental techniques and the solution techniques are explained and some examples of applications are given. A number of chapters are devoted to possible new directions in rock mechanics. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering is intended to be a fundamental resource for younger generations and newcomers and a reference book for experts specialized in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering and associated with the fields of mining, civil and petroleum engineering, engineering geology, and/or specialized in Geophysics and concerned with earthquake science and engineering.

The two-volume set Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering is concerned with the application of the principles of mechanics to physical, chemical and electro-magnetic processes in the upper-most layers of the earth and the design and construction of the rock structures associated with civil engineering and exploitation or extraction of natural resources in mining and petroleum engineering. Volume 2, Applications of Rock Mechanics - Rock Engineering, discusses the applications of rock mechanics to engineering structures in/on rock, rock excavation techniques and in-situ monitoring techniques, giving some specific examples. The dynamic aspects associated with the science of earthquakes and their effect on rock structures, and the characteristics of vibrations induced by machinery, blasting and impacts as well as measuring techniques are described. Furthermore, the degradation and maintenance processes in rock engineering are explained. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering is intended to be a fundamental resource for younger generations and newcomers and a reference book for experts specialized in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering and associated with the fields of mining, civil and petroleum engineering, engineering geology, and/or specialized in Geophysics and concerned with earthquake science and engineering.

According to IPCC reports, one of the greatest threats to the Earth ecosystems is climate change caused by the anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, mostly carbon dioxide, mainly from the combustion of fossil fuels, cement production and land-use change which leads to an excessive temperature rise. Agriculture and forestry are responsible for quiet big emissions of greenhouse gases: CO2, CH4 and N2O, and have significant potential to reduce these emissions mainly through enhancement of CO2 absorption by terrestrial ecosystems. To evaluate the impact of agriculture on climate change, ruminant farming should be also taken into account. These animals emit considerable amounts of methane which has strong greenhouse effects. Methane emissions may be reduced by using appropriate feed for ruminants. Decreasing the meat consumption of these animals can also make an important contribution to reducing methane emissions. The methods for reducing greenhouse gas emissions through appropriate management of terrestrial ecosystems and animal husbandry are widely discussed in The Role of Agriculture in Climate Change Mitigation. The book will be of interest to academics, professionals and policy makers in environmental sciences.

Agro-industrial wastes are end-products emerging after industrial processing operations and also from their treatment and disposal e.g. solid fruit wastes and sludge. The agro-industrial wastes are often present in multiphase and comprise multicomponent. Nevertheless, these wastes are a goldmine as they possess valuable organic matter which can be diverted towards high value products ranging from polymers to antibiotics to platform chemicals. There have been plenty of books published on bioenergy, enzymes and organic acids, among others. However, this emerging field of biochemical has not yet been covered so far which is an important entity of the biorefinery model from waste biomass and needs to be understood from fundamental, applied as well as commercial perspective which has been laid out in this book.

This book interprets the economic benefits and social benefits brought about by zero waste. Beginning with the general history of waste, its mechanism and different categories, this book first explores waste management and resourcing technology around the world nowadays. It then elaborates on the concept and practices of zero waste, discussing about the relationship between zero waste and eco-design, and about relative international standards. At last, it points out that zero waste could be the pathway from linear economy to circular economy, backed up by theories and practices. This book offers a clear direction for companies and organizations about environment. It can also be used as a sustainable development strategy handbook for executives in companies and organizations.

This book aims to provide academic and industrial applications advancing the critical role of circular economy principles in the sustainability of various resources. The latest research and practice in resource sustainability are shared, discussed, and promoted. The core competency of this book revolves around providing recent advances in sustainable consumption and production implementations, developed tools for environmental and sustainability assessment, technological advancements in resource and waste management/treatment, and advances in waste reduction, reuse, recycling, and recovery. Resources are defined broadly to include (1) physical resources: metals, non-metallic minerals, energy, and water (2) biological resources: food, forestry, land, ecological systems, etc., and (3) "misplaced" resources: air emissions, water pollutants, and solid waste. Finally, legislation, and policy implications and recommendations for resources sustainability are concluded.

This book is a compilation of process, technologies and value added products such as high value biochemicals and biofuels produced from different waste biorefineries. The book is sectioned into four categories providing a comprehensive outlook about zero waste biorefinery and technologies associated with it. The emerging technologies that potentially put back the lignocellulosic waste, municipal solid waste and food waste into intrinsic recycling for production of high value biochemicals and bioenergy, along with associated challenges and opportunities are also included. The content also focuses on algal biorefineries leading to sustainable circular economy through production of broad spectrum of bioactive compounds, bioethanol, biobutanol, biohydrogen, biodiesel through integrated biorefinery approach. The volume also includes chapters on conversion technologies and mathematical models applied for process optimization. A sound foundation about the underlying principles of biorefineries and a up-to-date state-of-the-art based overview on the latest advances in terms of scientific knowledge, techno-economic developments and life cycle assessment methodologies of integrated waste biorefinery is provided. This volume will be of great interest to professionals, post-graduate students and policy makers involved in waste management, biorefineries, circular economy and sustainable development.

The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and concerns for environmental degradation due to the fossil fuel burning have led the scientific community to look for alternative renewable energy sources. Among the available renewable energy sources, bioenergy derived from biomass and waste resources have great potential to not only prevent environmental pollution but also be a carbon neutral energy source. In addition, adaptation of this technology could streamline new green products, alternative energy sources into real-world applications and promote a circular economy towards zero-waste approach. This book tries to bridge the existing knowledge gap in the area of bioenergy resources. The first two chapters provide introduction to the anaerobic digestion (AD) technologies and direct interspecies electron transfer in AD. The next three chapters are on biomass pretreatment technologies for process improvement. The sixth to eighth chapter discuses biogas and other by-product production from specific wastes such from dairy, food and agricultural solid waste. The following two chapters focuses on the downstream processing of anaerobic digestate and on biochar production. Integration of AD in biorefineries using bioelectrochemical systems, syngas fermentation and electricity production are discussed in the next three chapters. The final two chapters elaborates on life cycle assessment of AD based technologies.

This book offers a practical guidance for environmental engineers and scientists charged with assessing the cause-and-effect of pollutants in receiving water systems. Instead of blindly running models, which is a practice seen too often in today's field that can result in results with uncertainty, modelers must first understand the physical insights of the specific water systems in order to properly calibrate the parameters of the models. This book reinforces the critical importance of properly understanding the physical attributes of water systems by drawing on the author's extensive experience in modeling with strong data support. This is also what sets this book apart from the volumes currently available in the water quality modeling field - nearly all other books in the field are categorized as textbooks, and unlike this book, offer few practical examples or exercises to follow. Environmental engineers and scientists engaged in quantifying the water quality impacts of pollutants to specific water systems will find this book valuable in their day-to-day practices. This book is a necessary volume for water quality engineers and scientists to consult for the regulatory planning and management of water systems

This book collates the latest trends and technological advancements in bioremediation, especially for its monitoring and assessment. Divided into 18 chapters, the book summarizes basic concepts of waste management and bioremediation, describes advancements of the existing technologies, and highlights the role of modern instrumentation and analytical methods, for environmental clean-up and sustainability. The chapters cover topics such as the role of microbial fuel cells in waste management, microbial biosensors for real-time monitoring of bioremediation processes, genetically modified microorganisms for bioremediation, application of immobilized enzyme reactors, spectroscopic techniques, and in-silico approaches in bioremediation monitoring and assessment. The book will be advantageous not only to researchers and scholars interested in bioremediation and sustainability but also to professionals and policymakers.

This book is based on recent trends for the research in emerging environmental contaminants in different compartment of the environment. It provides a recent understanding for the fate, transport, and degradation of emerging contaminants in different environmental sectors, including water, air, and soil. The contents discuss the fate and transport of microplastics, PPCPs, along with the method of detection and degradation. It includes removal of variety of pollutants including microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products from the water using adsorption technique, electrooxidation, membrane technology and other advance oxidation methods. This volume will be of great value to those in academia and industry involved in environmental science and engineering research.

This book aims to provide comprehensive and systematic introduction and summary of corrosion characteristics, mechanisms, and control methods of candidate alloys in sub- and supercritical water environment. First of all, corrosion types of candidate alloys and the effects of major alloying elements on corrosion resistance of potential alloys in sub- and supercritical water are compared and analyzed. At the same time, research status of candidate materials, and development and application trends of several corrosion-resistant alloys are summarized. Then, corrosion characteristics of Ni-Cr, Ni-Cr-Mo, Ni-Fe-Cr and Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu corrosion-resistant alloys, FeCrAl alloy, and Zircaloy are discussed in detail, including the corrosion rate, the structure and composition of oxide film, and the effects of various surface treatment processes, etc. More specifically, it also investigates corrosion behavior of Ni-based alloy, Fe-Ni-based, and stainless steels in supercritical water. The effects of aggressive species on the corrosion behavior of Ni-base alloys are also explored in supercritical water. Readers will further discover the total corrosion processes and mechanisms of typical candidate alloys in sub- and supercritical water environment. Finally, the work explores the corrosion control methods such as ceramic coatings and passivation processes in supercritical water oxidation and in subcritical water, respectively. Future challenges and development trends of corrosion research of candidate materials in sub- and supercritical water environments are covered at the end of this book. It offers valuable reference for theoretically guiding material selection and design and operating parameter optimization of key equipment in the sub- and supercritical water technologies. The book is written for senior undergraduates, graduate students, scholars, and researchers who are interested in corrosion behavior of candidate materials of supercritical water oxidation system, supercritical water gasification system, and nuclear reactor.