This book provides updated and comprehensive information on the effective functioning of earthworms used alone or in combination with other biological systems/microbes, as well as factors affecting the process and performance of vermiremediation under a range of conditions. It also compares earthworm assisted vermifiltration with other conventional biochemical methods. Presenting cutting-edge research on the earthworm assisted remediation of industrial and municipal effluents and sludges, along with its role in solid waste management (SWM), the book will benefit readers from the research community and industrial sector alike, familiarizing them with the latest remediation techniques for wastewater and different types of solid waste.

This book gathers selected high-quality research papers presented at the IconSWM 2018 conference, which explore various aspects of urban mining. In addition, they discuss how to achieve sustainable waste management systems, urban mining, landfill mining, material recovery, circular economy, etc., with the aid of effective waste management practices. Additional topics covered include maximum resource circulation and efficiency, key differences between landfill mining and urban mining, and how urban mining can be combined with the concepts of circular economy and sustainability.

Current development results in a linear flow from raw material to waste, which cannot be sustainable in the long term. Plus, a global population of 7 billion people means that there are 7 billion waste producers in the world. At present, dumping and landfilling are the primary practices for getting rid of municipal solid waste (MSW). However, this waste contains resources that we've yet to utilize. To create sustainable societies, we need to approach zero waste by recovering these resources. There are cities and countries where zero waste is close to becoming a reality. Landfilling of organic waste is forbidden in Europe, and countries such as Sweden, Germany, Belgium, and Switzerland have developed a variety of technologies to recover resources from MSW. Resource Recovery to Approach Zero Municipal Waste explores the solid waste management laws and regulations of different countries, comparing the latest resource recovery technologies and offering future perspectives. The book tackles the many technical, social, ecological, economical, and managerial aspects of this complex subject while promoting the development of sustainable societies to achieve a greener global environment.

This book highlights the latest research on waste processing technologies, particularly for domestic, agricultural, and petroleum based pollutants, intended to achieve waste valorisation. In addition, it discusses the important role of plastic recycling, as well as advanced waste processing techniques.

This book focuses on the prospects of fresh market waste management in developing countries. It characterizes fresh market wastewater and solid wastes, and highlights the human health impact of corresponding waste management practices. With regard to treatment technologies, the book discusses the anaerobic digestion of fresh solid wastes; the application of natural coagulants for wastewater treatment; the remediation of xenobiotics in wastewater using nanotechnology; and biofilter aquaponic systems for nutrient removal. All of these technologies are recent innovations, offer several concrete advantages, and can be applied in developing countries as non-central treatment systems. In addition, the book covers electricity production from fresh solid wastes using microbial fuel cells, demonstrating the potential held by recycling fresh market wastewater and solid wastes.

This open access book introduces the magnesium resources in the world and the layout of this industry, the harmless handling/recycling of magnesium slag, and the process of magnesium silicothermic reduction (Pidgeon process) to produce the slag. Examples and experimental data in this book are from the author group's research programs, as well as the recent researches in China. The book could provide precious reference to scientists and engineers in the field of recycling and environment friendly use of the industrial solid wastes. It could also be used for researchers and students who are interested in relevant field.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of innovative remediation techniques and strategies for soils contaminated by heavy metals or organic compounds (e.g. petroleum hydrocarbons, NAPLs and chlorinated organic compounds). It discusses various novel chemical remediation approaches (in-situ and ex-situ) used alone and in combination with physical and/or thermal treatment. Further, it addresses the recovery of NAPLs, reuse of leaching solutions, and in-situ chemical reduction and oxidation, and explores the chemical enhancement of physical NAPLs recovery from both practical and theoretical perspectives. Also presenting the state-of-the-art in waste-assisted bioremediation to improve soil quality and the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons, the book is a valuable resource for students, researchers and R&D professionals in industry engaged in the treatment of contaminated soils.

This book discusses the potential of a systemic and multidisciplinary design approach to improve urban quality, health, livability, and inclusiveness for people living in informal settlements. In most instances, attempts to address informal settlements lack an adequate assessment of their impact on the wider built environment and implementation of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. The Integrated Modification Methodology (IMM), introduced here, offers a systematic, multidisciplinary design tool encompassing several of the aspects that define the environmental performance of urban systems. The book also demonstrates the application of the methodology to an informal settlement, proving its potential to guide systemicurban transformations, also in urban areas lacking formal planning. The case study investigated is in the Rocinha favela in Rio de Janeiro, which ischaracterized by poor water quality, lack of drainage and sanitation systems, and very few green spaces. Based on a rigorous methodology, the process described here can also be applied in similar contexts around the world.

This book highlights the latest findings on fundamental aspects of composting, the interaction of various microorganisms, and the underlying mechanisms. In addition to addressing modern tools and techniques used for composting research, it provides an overview of potential composting applications in both agriculture and environmental reclamation. Composting is the process of organic waste decomposition, mediated by microorganisms. The end-product is called 'compost' and can be used as a supplement to improve soil fertility. As the municipal waste generated in most developing countries contains a substantial amount of organic matter suitable for composting, this technology offers a win-win opportunity for stakeholders in terms of disposing of organic waste and providing organic fertilizers for agriculture. In addition, using compost reduces the dependency on harmful chemical fertilizers, and represents a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative.

This book analyses 'zero-waste' (ZW) as an emerging waste management strategy for the future, which considers waste prevention through innovative design and sustainable consumption practices. Drawing on a diverse range of case studies from Australia, Bangladesh, Japan, New Zealand, Sweden, and the USA, this book explores why urban waste management systems still remain a major challenge for almost all cities around the world. Rejecting waste as an 'end-of-life' problem, Atiq Zaman and Tahmina Ahsan instead consider waste prevention through the ZW model, in which resources are utilized and consumed with minimum environmental degradation. In addition, the authors give extended discussion on why embracing the ZW concept will be beneficial for the circular economy (CE). Providing a strategic zero-waste framework and an evaluation tool to measure waste management performance aimed towards ZW goals, this book will be of great relevance to students, scholars, and policymakers with an interest in waste management, sustainable consumption, urban planning, and sustainable development.

This book highlights the latest advances in waste management, resource recovery and resource circulation in various countries, with a special emphasis on India. It leads the way towards a sustainable circular economy developing local economy and enhances the sustainability of the energy sector as a whole by holistically addressing waste management. Waste management is a major problem around the globe; effective waste disposal is one of the most plaguing issues faced by municipalities. Yet waste can also serve as a major source of energy rather than a disposable material. The book discusses various upstream and downstream aspects of waste management systems, e.g. conversion processes and collection methods, that are needed in order to make waste management systems into an effective industry and move closer to a circular economy. It also provides information on management tools for analysis and decision support. All chapters included here are based on high-quality research papers presented at the conference IconSWM 2018.

The book focuses on the challenges faced by urban areas in the context of handling waste in an environmentally and socially acceptable manner. It also discusses effective waste management approaches, which differ according to culture, climate, and socio-economic variables, as well as institutional volume. Presenting selected, high-quality papers from IconSWM 2018, the book explores a number of waste management methods with the help of case studies.

This book systematically introduces the key technologies for differentiated resourceful utilization of rural organic wastes based on high-efficiency anaerobic fermentation and bio-augmented composting, and discusses differentiating sources of organic wastes, integrating recycling technologies, developing key equipment, and researching management mechanisms. In addition, it describes the development of viable techniques and low-pollution, low-cost, and low-maintenance equipment. It also includes the technical specifications for the differentiated resourceful utilization of rural organic wastes and presents the energy-fertilizer integrated resourceful utilization method for rural organic wastes. Providing technological insights into improving the resourceful utilization level of rural organic wastes, this book is a valuable reference resource for administrative staff, researchers in the field of environmental protection, and technicians in enterprises involved in the treatment and disposal of solid wastes.

Agriculture and industry are the two most important economic sectors for various countries around the globe, providing millions of jobs as well as being the main source of income for these countries. Nevertheless, with the increasing demand for agricultural and industrial produce, huge amounts of waste are also being produced. Without proper management, this waste (both liquid and solid) poses a serious threat to overall environmental quality, mainly due to its toxicity and slow degradation processes. Current approaches are effective but would normally require huge capital investments, are labour intensive and generate potential hazardous by-products. As such, there is a need for alternative approaches that are cheaper, easier-to-handle and have a minimum potential impact on environmental quality. This book presents up-to-date approaches using biological techniques to manage the abundance of waste generated from agricultural and industrial activities. It discusses techniques such as bioconversion, biodegradation, biotransformation, and biomonitoring as well as the utilization of these wastes. A number of chapters also include individual case studies to enhance readers' understanding of the topics. This comprehensive book is a useful resource for anyone involved in agricultural and industrial waste management, green chemistry or biotechnology. It is also recommended as a reference work for graduate students and all agriculture and biotechnology libraries.

This book focuses on agricultural waste treatment and renewable energy production from the perspective of anaerobic digestion. It covers topics on anaerobic digestion processes and practices in various types of biogas plant construction and management and systematically addresses the principle and main features of three kinds of anaerobic digestion systems: household digesters, biogas septic tanks, and biogas plants. Instructive, informative and easy to understand, the book offers a valuable asset for researchers, technicians, graduate students and managerial personnel working in the areas of renewable energy, agricultural ecological engineering and the treatment and utilization of agricultural wastes.

This book addresses two critical problems that plague materials that make up components in both desalination and cooling water systems: corrosion, and fouling. The book addresses various types and components of industrial desalination technologies with solutions for controlling corrosion, scaling and biofouling. Issues unique to desalination systems, vital for the production of clean water, are considered as well. Green technologies are discussed throughout, along with environmental and economic considerations. The book presents solutions to the problems encountered by internal and external parts of these systems and will aid professionals that design, operate, and maintain them. It will be valuable to professionals in the materials, corrosion, electrochemical and wastewater industries, as well as chemical engineers. Addresses the corrosion issues facing the conventional and modern water desalination systems; Discusses the causes and remediation of problems caused by corrosion, scaling, and biofouling in water treatment; Offers green solutions, thereby minimizing environmental impact while increasing control and productivity of water systems; Suitable for professionals working with water desalination plants, materials scientists and corrosion engineers.

This book highlights the significance of urban agricultural production, the technologies and methods for supplying organic materials to the farmland, recovering plant nutrients and energy in cities, and systems for sustaining farmlands in order to produce agricultural crops and supply safe food to citizens. Focusing on the effective recycling of biomass waste generated in cities for use in organic farming, it discusses alternatives to traditional composting, such as carbonizing organic waste, which not only produces recyclable materials but also converts organic waste into energy. Recycling discarded organic matter appropriately and reusing it as both material and energy is the basis of new urban organic farming, and represents a major challenge for the next generation of urban agriculture. As such, the book presents advanced research findings to facilitate the implementation of safe, organic agricultural production with only a small environmental load.

This volume presents select papers presented during the Second International Conference on Waste Management held at IIT Guwahati. The book comprises of eight sections, and deals with various technologies associated with curbing of different environmental issues as well as management and legislative policies associated with them. This book will be of interest to various researchers, students, policy makers and people who pursue keen interest in the waste management techniques and policies.

This book addresses a complex issue - water sustainability - that requires a combined approach to manage both water and energy. It highlights several technologies that have been introduced to study the water-energy linkage. It also discusses the need to develop effective laws for water management. In turn, the book assesses hybrid biological systems and demonstrates why they are better for the wastewater treatment process. Lastly, it reviews wastewater quality requirements, which have been the primary driver of industrial wastewater treatment programs in India. Gathering selected, high-quality research papers presented at the IconSWM 2018 conference, the book offers a valuable asset, not only for researchers and academics, but also for industrial practitioners and policymakers.

Electronic and electric waste (e-waste), defined as end-of-life electronic products, including computers, television sets, mobile phones, transformers, capacitors, wires and cables, are a major global environmental concern. The crude recycling of e-waste releases persistent toxic substances, such as heavy metals, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and the environmental pollution and health risks caused by the improper disposal of e-waste has become an urgent issue. This book offers an overview of e-waste history, sources, and entry routes in soil, air, water and sediment. It also addresses e-waste transport and fate, bioavailability and biomonitoring, e-waste risk assessment, impacts on the environment and public health. In addition, it discusses the impact of e-waste on soil microbial community diversity, structure and function and reviews the treatment and management strategies, such as bioremediation and phytoremediation, as well as policies and future challenges. Given its scope, it is a valuable resource for students, researchers and scholars in the field of electronics manufacturing, environmental science and engineering, toxicology, environmental biotechnology, soil sciences and microbial ecology, as well as and plant biotechnology.

This book provides high-quality research results and proposes future priorities for more sustainable development and energy security. It covers a broad range of topics on atmospheric changes, climate change impacts, climate change modeling and simulations, energy and environment policies, energy resources and conversion technologies, renewables, emission reduction and abatement, waste management, ecosystems and biodiversity, and sustainable development. Gathering selected papers from the 7th Global Conference on Global Warming (GCGW2018), held in Izmir, Turkey on June 24-28, 2018, it: Offers comprehensive coverage of the development of systems taking into account climate change, renewables, waste management, chemical aspects, energy and environmental issues, along with recent developments and cutting-edge information Highlights recent advances in the area of energy and environment, and the debate on and shaping of future directions and priorities for a better environment, sustainable development and energy security Provides a number of practical applications and case studies Is written in an easy-to-follow style, moving from the basics to advanced systems. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for readers in academia and industry alike, and can be used at the graduate level or as a reference text for professors, researchers and engineers.

This book presents a number of innovative uses of fly ash. Fly ash is a fine powder that is a byproduct of burning pulverized coal in thermal power plants. It is a pozzolan - a substance containing aluminous and siliceous material that when mixed with lime and water forms a compound similar to Portland cement. Though fly ash was a problem in terms of its disposal, it now has a variety of uses, such as a prime material in blocks, bricks, and PCC paving, and further applications are being investigated. As such, the recovery and reuse of fly ash wastes plays an important role in the implementation of the circular economy concept. Featuring selected, high-quality research papers presented at IconSWM 2018, the book provides valuable insights for the recycling industries, power plants, researchers, and governments.

This book addresses the developing area of biomass for technological applications. Written by leading researchers in the field, the book differs from other literature available by providing a detailed, in-depth discussion of the characteristics of these materials. The use of biomass for technological applications is a rapidly growing area in materials engineering and green bioprocesses. In this approach, pre-treatments focus on the bioavailability of nutrients and facilitate the use of biomass for delivering byproducts (e.g. enzymes) and for bioenergy production, both of which are discussed at length in this book. In this regard, it explores various aspects of the structural complexity of residual biomass produced by agricultural, industrial and livestock activities for biotechnological purposes, and assesses both conventional and emerging pre-treatments (e.g. biological, enzymatic and physical-chemical). This book reveals the advantages of these techniques, both individually and in combination, making it an excellent resource for all readers interested in cutting-edge applications of biomass.

This book covers state-of-the-art technologies, principles, methods and industrial applications of electronic waste (e-waste) and waste PCB (WPCB) recycling. It focuses on cutting-edge mechanical separation processes and pyro- and hydro-metallurgical treatment methods. De-soldering, selective dismantling, and dry separation methods (including the use of gravity, magnetic and electrostatic techniques) are discussed in detail, noting the patents related to each. The volume discusses the available industrial equipment and plant flowsheets used for WPCB recycling in detail, while addressing potential future directions of the field. This practical, comprehensive, and multidisciplinary reference will appeal to professionals throughout global industrial, academic and government institutions interested in addressing the growing problem of e-waste. Covers principles, methods and industrial applications of e-waste and PCB recycling; Details state-of-the-art mechanical separation processes and pyro- and hydro-metallurgical treatment methods; Describes the available industrial equipment used and plant flowsheets for PCB recycling and addresses potential future developments of this important field.

This two-volume work presents comprehensive, accurate information on the present status and contemporary development in phycoremediation of various types of domestic and industrial wastewaters. The volume covers a mechanistic understanding of microalgae based treatment of wastewaters, including current challenges in the treatment of various organic and inorganic pollutants, and future opportunities of bioremediation of wastewater and industrial effluents on an algal platform. The editors compile the work of authors from around the globe, providing insight on key issues and state-of-the-art developments in algal bioremediation that is missing from the currently available body of literature. The volume hopes to serve as a much needed resource for professors, researchers and scientists interested in microalgae applications for wastewater treatment. Volume 1 focuses on the different aspects of domestic and industrial wastewater treatment by microalgae. The case studies include examples such as genetic technologies as well as the development and efficient use of designer consortia for enhanced utilization of microalgae. This volume provides thorough and comprehensive information on removal of persistent and highly toxic contaminants such as heavy metals, organic pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, endocrine disruptors, pharmaceutical compounds, and dyes from wastewater by microalgae, diatoms, and blue-green algae. Design considerations for algal ponds and efficient use of photobioreactors and HRAPs for wastewater treatment are some other highlights. This volume addresses the applications, potentials, and future opportunities for these various considerations in water pollution mitigation using algal technologies.