1 Einleitung.- 2 Methoden und Grenzen der modellgestutzten Analyse wirtschaftspolitischer Strategien.- 2.1 Methoden und Grenzen oekonomischer Modellanalysen.- 2.2 Gesamtwirtschaftliche Modelle.- 2.3 Mikrosimulationsmodelle.- 3 OEkologische Steuerreform und wirtschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen.- 3.1 Referenzszenario: Entwicklung der Rahmenbedingungen.- 3.1.1 Vorbemerkungen.- 3.1.2 Energiewirtschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen bei moderaten und bei hoeheren Rohoelpreisen und Wechselkursen.- 3.1.2.1 Rohoelpreise.- 3.1.2.2 Importpreise fur Steinkohle und Erdgas.- 3.1.2.3 Entwicklung der Importpreise fur Elektrizitat.- 3.1.2.4 Zusammenfassung der Annahmen fur die kunftige Preisentwicklung.- 3.1.2.5 Entwicklung der Stromerzeugung im Inland sowie der Importe.- 3.2 Steuerszenario: Die oekologische Steuerreform in Deutschland.- 3.2.1 Struktur und Steuersatze.- 3.2.2 Sonderregelungen und klimapolitisch flankierende Massnahmen..- 3.2.3 Effektive Be- und Entlastungen durch die oekologische Steuerreform im Produzierenden Gewerbe und in der Landwirtschaft.- 4 Simulationen: Modelle und Ergebnisse.- 4.1 Das umweltoekonometrische Modell PANTA RHEI III.- 4.1.1 Kurzbeschreibung von PANTA RHEI III.- 4.1.2 Das Referenzszenario des Modells PANTA RHEI.- 4.1.3 Simulationsergebnisse mit dem Modell PANTA RHEI.- 4.1.4 Alternatives Energiepreis- und Wechselkursszenario.- 4.1.5 Simulationsergebnisse mit dem Modell PANTA RHEI fur das Szenario hoeherer Energiepreise.- 4.2 Das umweltoekonomische Simulationsmodell LEAN.- 4.2.1 Kurzbeschreibung des Modells LEAN.- 4.2.2 Das Referenzszenario des Modells LEAN.- 4.2.3 Simulationsergebnisse mit dem Modell LEAN.- 4.2.3.1 Methodik.- 4.2.3.2 Gesamteffekt der oekologischen Steuerreform.- 4.2.3.3 Dekompositionsanalyse der Effekte der oekologischen Steuerreform.- 4.2.3.4 Alternatives Energiepreisszenario (Hochpreisszenario).- 4.3 Verteilungswirkungen im Potsdamer Steuer- und Transfer-Mikrosimulationsmodell.- 4.3.1 UEberblick.- 4.3.2 Das Modell.- 4.3.3 Abbildung des Steuer- und Transfersystems.- 4.3.4 Verteilungswirkungen in den Steuerszenarien.- 4.3.5 Zusammenfassung.- 5 Vergleich der Ergebnisse und Beurteilung der oekologischen Steuerreform.- 5.1 Modelltheoretische Voruberlegungen.- 5.2 Gesamtwirtschaftliche Effekte.- 5.3 Verteilungswirkungen.- 5.4 Energieverbrauch und Emissionen.- 5.5 Umweltpolitische Beurteilung.- 5.5.1 Theoretische und empirische Probleme der Internalisierung externer Effekte durch OEkosteuern.- 5.5.2 Sonderregelungen und komplementare Instrumente.- 5.5.2.1 Zur Notwendigkeit eines Instrumentenmix.- 5.5.2.2 Substitution fossiler Energietrager durch erneuerbare Energien.- 5.5.2.3 Effiziente Umwandlung durch Kraft-Warme-Kopplung sowie Gas-und Dampfkraftwerke.- 5.6 Langerfristige Effekte der oekologischen Steuerreform.- 5.6.1 Anreiz zu umweltentlastender Innovation.- 5.6.2 Induzierter Strukturwandel.- 6 Wirtschaftspolitische Schlussfolgerungen.- Verzeichnis der Abbildungen.- Verzeichnis der Tabellen.

Rich and informative case studies throughout bring this book to life for professionals and students alike. Written by one of the leading competitive experts in the world. Tackles a complex issues in a lively and engaging way.

The WTO has laid the foundations for a new era of trade relations, and increased trade liberalization has improved global efficiency in production and consumption. The strengthening of trade rules, however, has increased the scope for disputes over interpretations of more extensive and complicated agreements, and has spilt over into environmental and scientific matters. One of the unforeseen consequences of the WTO agreements has been controversy over risk. This volume explores aspects of risk with special reference to the WTO, where national instruments to reduce risk may conflict with international trade rules. The book is divided into sections dealing with: * accounting for risk in trade agreements * risk and the WTO * managing risk in policy making * negotiating experience with risk * national risks and quarantine standards * managing biotechnology. The chapters offer many perspectives on risk assessment and benefit from a rich diversity of approaches as befits contributions from authors with backgrounds in law, economics, political science and environmental and natural science as well as policy making. Globalization and the Environment is a fascinating book that will draw its readership from these fields.

This book draws together contributions from forest economists in the Research Triangle of North Carolina, with co-authors from institutions around the world. It represents our common belief that rigorous empirical analysis in an economic framework can inform forest policy. We intend the book as a guide to the empirical methods that we have found most useful for addressing both traditional and modem areas of concern in forest policy, including timber production and markets, multiple use forestry, and valuation of non-market benefits. 'The book editors and most chapter authors are affiliated with three institutions in the Research Triangle: the Southern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service (K. Abt, Butry, Holmes, Mercer, Moulton, Prestemon, Wear), the Department of Forestry at North Carolina State University (R. Abt, Ahn, Cubbage, Sills), and the Environmental and Natural Resource Economics Program of Research Triangle Institute (Murray, Pattanayak). Two other Triangle institutions are also represented among the book authors: Duke University (Kramer) and the Forestland Group (Zinkhan). In addition to our primary affiliations, many of us are adjunct faculty and/or graduates of Triangle universities. Many of our co-authors also graduated from or were previously affiliated with Triangle institutions. Thus, the selection of topics, methods, and case studies reflects the work of this particular network of economists, and to some degree, our location in the southeastern United States. However, our work and the chapters encompass other regions of the United States and the world, including Latin America and Asia.

This monograph presents and analyzes the optimization, game-theoretic and simulation models of control mechanisms for ecological-economic systems. It is devoted to integrated assessment mechanisms for total risks and losses, penalty mechanisms, risk payment mechanisms, financing and costs compensation mechanisms for risk level reduction, sales mechanisms for risk level quotas, audit mechanisms, mechanisms for expected losses reduction, economic motivation mechanisms, optimization mechanisms for regional environmental (risk level reduction) programs, and mechanisms for authorities' interests coordination. The book is aiming at undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as at experts in mathematical modeling and control of ecological economic, socioeconomic and organizational systems.

This book is dedicated to furthering scientific understanding of drought assessment and management and the policy issues associated with drought preparedness worldwide. The authors invited to contribute to the volume are uniquely qualified to address their respective topics. The book is divided into two parts. Part One emphasizes theoretical aspects of drought assessment, management, and preparedness; it also includes a discussion of the concept of drought. These chapters are aimed at improving the reader's understanding and awareness of drought; appropriate technologies to monitor drought's onset, development and termination; emerging methodologies to estimate impacts; adjustment strategies to alleviate drought effects; and a methodology for countries to follow in the development of a national drought policy and plan. Part One concludes with an insightful examination of how changes in climate may alter climatic variability and the frequency and intensity of extreme events, particularly drought. The successes and failures of previous assessment and response efforts are highlighted in Part Two through case studies in Israel, India, Brazil, South Africa, Australia, the United States, and China. Several of these case studies provide insight into the difficulties inherent in the provision of timely and effective drought assistance by government in both a developed and developing country setting. The lessons learned in these instances provide both an extraordinary opportunity and challenge to other drought-prone nations to learn from these experiences and avoid some of the mistakes of the past. Some of the case studies in Part Two illustrate remarkable progress in drought preparedness andare examples for other nations to follow.

Series Information:
Harwood Fundamentals of Pure & Applied Economics

The strategic management of socio-economic systems is becoming increasingly difficult with traditional economic models which are unable to handle environmental and technological factors. In Evolutionary Dynamics and Sustainable Development, Norman Clark, Francisco Perez-Trejo and Peter Allen offer a new approach which emphasizes the evolutionary nature of socio-economic systems. This major book begins with a critical evaluation of conventional economic approaches to development planning and then explores how modern general systems theory can show economic development as a process of structural change. The discussion includes the use of decision tools which can simultaneously handle spatial and temporal evolution. The authors develop a model which they explore through case studies of both Senegal and Crete. The model is combined with risk analysis to show how it can be used in computer-based scenarios, before its properties as an aid to decision making are summarized in the last chapter. Defining development as a process of structural change in economic systems rather than in terms of economic output, this volume will be welcomed for its advocacy of non-linear models as decision tools and for its special reference to issues of economic development and environmental stability in Third World countries.

National parks and game reserves are under threat from exploitation by tourists and by people living on their borders. Parks, although highly valued by conservationists, are not protected from unregulated economic behaviour within and outside their borders.In The Economics of Third World National Parks, Anup Shah argues that parks and reserves are worth preserving, rigorously analyses the problem and advocates solutions drawing on a wide range of sources. Issues discussed include the effects of economic activity on a national park, the tourist problem, valuing a national park and the use of cost-benefit decision making. Dr Shah uses economic analysis to explore institutional arrangements which would compensate for externalities resulting from exploitation and over-use by tourists and local communities. The price mechanism, he argues, is not a satisfactory tool with which to protect areas of rich bio-diversity. The Economics of Third World National Parks presents a clear and thoughtful application of economic thought, and especially the concept of externalities, to a key problem which current institutional structures seem unable to resolve.

Air Quality Assessment and Management : A Practical Guide describes the techniques available for an assessment while detailing the concepts and methodologies involved. It reviews the principles of air quality management; primary sources of air pollution; impact of emissions on human health, flora and fauna; scoping of air quality impacts; baseline monitoring; impact prediction; impact significance; and pollution mitigation and control. Emphasis will be placed on the practical side of AQA, with numerous international case studies and exercises to aid the reader in their understanding of concepts and applications.

Air Quality Assessment: A practical guide describes the techniques available for an AQA while detailing the concepts and methodologies involved. It will review the principles of air quality management; primary sources of air pollution; impact of emissions of human health, flora and fauna; scoping of air quality impacts; baseline monitoring; impacts prediction; impact significance; and pollution mitigation and control. Emphasis will be placed on the practical side of AQA, with numerous international case studies and exercises to aid the reader in their understanding of concepts and applications.

provides the first in-depth investigation of how non-timber forest products are an integral part of local, national, and global bioeconomies. reveals how essential these products are to creating a greener and more sustainable future will be of great interest to students and scholars of forest and natural resource management, bioeconomics, circular economy and ecological economics more widely

In recent years, Alternative Food Networks (AFNs) have been a key issue both in the scientific community and in public debates. This is due to their profound implications for rural development, local sustainability, and bio-economics. This edited collection discusses what the main determinants of the participation of operators - both consumers and producers - in AFNs are, what the conditions for their sustainability are, what their social and environmental effects are, and how they are distributed geographically. Further discussions include the effect of AFNs in structuring the food chain and how AFNs can be successfully scaled up. The authors explicitly take an interdisciplinary approach to analyse AFNs from different perspectives, using as an example the Italian region of Piedmont, a particularly interesting case study due to the diffusion of AFNs in the area, as well as due to the fact that it was in this region that the 'Slow Food' movement originated.

This two-volume book offers a broad range of discussions on the immense challenge of climate change, one confronting every country on the planet and forcing them to find a path towards a sustainable future that will not have disastrous consequences in relation to our chances of survival. It also presents a snapshot of the status quo, which reflects all the decisions and measures taken to date. Analyzing the consequences of the steps that will shape our future, the two volumes also reflect on important decisions at a global level that have already been taken. This second volume on risks assessment and the political and social dimension of the green energy transition is structured into 14 chapters. International renowned scholars discuss the inherent risks that arise in consequence of the transition to the intensive use of low carbon energy sources and global warming, risks related to food and water security, as well as risks of social and political conflicts. They further examine the dependence on individual countries' industrial structures and on their socio-economic development level as challenges to climate change solutions and to the global energy policy agenda. This book is a must-read for scholars, researchers and students, as well as policymakers interested in a better understanding of climate change, present scenarios, and alternative solutions and measures.

In the latter part of the 20th century, humans are doing a particularly poor job of managing natural resources in a sustainable way over the long term.
Institutions, Ecosystems, and Sustainability focuses on long-term, sustainable natural resource management practices at the local, national, and international levels. The authors suggest that a major cause of the "sustainability problem" - regulatory policies for large areas that often threaten the sustainability of both natural resources and previously effective governance problems - lie in "scale" problems. Large scale ecosystems are not simply larger versions of smaller systems, and micro-scale ecosystems are not merely microcosms of large scale systems. The driving forces and feedback mechanisms operate at different levels and exhibit distinct patterns of their own.
Traditional management practices that do well at the local level cannot be expected to do equally well in handling activities organized at the continental or global scale. Even more importantly, when local systems are superseded by national or international management practices, local ecosystems frequently suffer.
The challenge is to match ecosystems and governance systems in ways that maximize the compatibility of these systems. This book builds upon this fundamental principle. Particularly valuable is the use of simulation exercises to explore the consequences of social institutions and a discussion of the progress being made in developing a broad global data base to test hypothesis about the relationship between ecosystems and social institutions, and to investigate ways to repair the damage already caused by scale mismatches.


Features

The opening up of Eastern Europe raises new questions for the design of environmental policies and for international policy co-ordination. These questions are even more striking when the uncertainty of the political and economic context is taken into account. The essays should provide helpful background information to the understanding of the environmental consequences of the formerly planned economies in Eastern and Central Europe. The book contains the selected and edited proceedings of the Conference on "Europe between East and South" held in the early 90s, organized jointly by the Confederation of the European Economic Association (C.E.E.A.) and the Fondazione ENI Enrico Mattei (FEEM).

This book introduces innovative approaches to pursue climate change adaptation and to support the long-term implementation of climate change policies. Offering new case studies and data, as well as projects and initiatives implemented across the globe, the contributors present new tools, approaches and methods to pursue and facilitate innovation in climate change adaptation.

The connection between economic growth and the quality of the environment is a popular subject. Since the second half of the 1980s, there has been an increasingly frequent use of the term "sustainable development," to refer to the preoccupation that the production of goods and services may decrease standards of living. It is natural to analyze this question from the point of view of economic models, which may be helpful in at least identifying the main factors behind such preoccupations and perhaps in suggesting policy measures. Indeed, models are useful to discuss some relevant factors, like the structure of production of the economy, the type of preferences and goals pursued by agents, and the elements of uncertainty. This monograph will consider some of these themes: there will be a study of the analytical framework which can be used for the purpose of defining and analyzing sustainability, and some discussion of how to calibrate a restricted version of the model to empirical data. There will be also some analysis about which type of uncertainty should be incorporated into the model, and which objective functions may be useful for policy purposes. Also, there will be discussions about the key variables which should be included, and some description of a general framework.

This is a comprehensive yet practical guide for job seekers looking for green career opportunities. Green Collar Jobs: Environmental Careers for the 21st Century is a simple, easy-to-reference guide that will help students, recent graduates, job seekers, and career changers at all levels find the latest information and job resources in this burgeoning new field. This exceptionally timely book examines all aspects of green careers, beginning with an overview discussing green jobs from environmental, economic, and political perspectives. The core of the book is comprised of chapters that describe specific types of green jobs and career paths. These include jobs related to alternative energy, water resources, green marketing, green business, green building, and environmental law. For those willing to leave home, there is a chapter on global environmental jobs, and there is information on niche green careers such as ecotourism and green interior design. Each chapter includes job sources, education and training resources, and a listing of companies involved in the particular business. Provides original insights and advice from professionals in green career fields Includes web addresses for associations, discussion groups, job boards, and companies in each chapter Lists relevant job sites and online references

The idea of ecological modernisation originated in Western Europe in the 1980s, gaining attention around the world by the late 1990s. At the core of this social scientific and policy-oriented approach is the view that contemporary societies have the capability of dealing with their environmental crises. Experiences in some countries demonstrate that modern institutions can incorporate environmental interests into their daily routines. Elsewhere, economic and political interests dominate development trajectories and environmental deterioration continues, challenging the premises of ecological modernisation. This volume brings together research on ecological modernisation practices around the world. Studies on Western, Central, and Eastern Europe, the USA, and Southeast Asia examine the applicability of this approach to advanced industrial countries, transitional economies and developing countries respectively. Authors critically examine the premises of ecological modernisation theory, assess its value for understanding past and present environmental transformations, and outline paths for designing future sustainable development. Taken together, the studies in collected this volume offer significant refinements, extensions and critiques of ecological modernisation theory and suggest important directions for future research on social and policy dimensions of environmental change.

This important new book is a practical guide to the design of policies for effective energy conservation. Drawing on a wide range of European experiences, it analyses and evaluates the weaknesses of current conservation policies. The authors advance proposals that will ensure that political, administrative and energy conservation resources are used to maximum effect. Based on original investigations of conservation policies the book examines: the use of grants and subsidies to encourage investment in the conservation of energy in domestic housing and public buildings the use of information to inform householders of their conservation options and the implications of these options the use of regulation to encourage the use of combined heating power demand-side management by utility companies institutional development as a means of engendering 'bottom-up' conservation initiatives The main lesson is that it is not the policy per se but its design and execution which dictates performance. The key variables in shaping such performance are identified and discussed. This timely book will be invaluable for those responsible for designing and implementing energy conservation policies and will be of special interest to those researching the practice of energy conservation.

provides an overview of the limits to the circular economy, emphasising the relationship between integrated resource use and more systemic leadership-management approaches. provides a hands-on contribution toward building the knowledge and skill-sets of current and future decision-makers who face these complex-systemic crises in their day-to-day business. is essential reading for scholars and students of natural resource use, sustainable business, environmental economics and sustainable development, as well as decision-makers and experts from the fields of policy development, industry and civil society.

On the surface the new president seems to inherit an empty house," Hugh Heclo, a recognized expert on American democratic institutions, has noted. "In fact, he enters an office already shaped and crowded by other people's desires." Empowering the White House examines how Richard Nixon entered that crowded Oval Office in 1969 yet managed to change it in a way that augmented the power of the presidency and continues to influence into the twenty-first century how his successors have governed.

Nixon's White House is perhaps best remembered for the growth in the size of the staff, which operated under the supposed iron fist of H. R. Haldeman. But more important than size and management style to the character of the Nixon White House were the assigned tasks, complexity, and dynamics of the burgeoning staff. Faced with hostile majorities in Congress and executive branch careerists assumed to be committed to a Democratic agenda, Nixon sought to control his political fate by engaging more actively than earlier presidents in public relations and the mobilization of support. At the command and under the control of the Oval Office, the staff carried out assignments designed to fulfill Nixon's aims.

This theoretically informed and well-researched study explains how Nixon changed and expanded the institutionalized presidency and how that affected the Ford and Carter administrations. Nixon ushered in a new stage in the modern presidency by organizing and using his increasingly complex staff in new ways that have persisted beyond the 1970s to this day. To a greater degree than any predecessor, Nixon systematized outreach, legal advice, and policy formulation. His White House staffing, then, has come to be regarded as a "standard model" that influences incoming presidents regardless of party affiliation.

Leavening this organizational study are revealing accounts of how the Nixon, Ford, and Carter staffs operated behind the scenes in the West Wing. Anyone needing to know how the White House worked during those presidencies--or how it has worked since--will find this book invaluable.

The rapid liberalization of international trade and investment, and the growing importance of environmental protection, are two key elements of international relations in the modern world. Yet the two regimes often clash, as recent disputes in the WTO and arguments over the OECD's proposed Multilateral Agreement on Investment, have shown. In this book, leading international authorities set out the trade, investment, and environment agenda as the Millennium Round of trade negotiations approaches. Topics covered include building markets for sustainable trade; environmental treaties and trade; environmental regulation, finance, and transnational corporations; environmental regulation and international investment (including an analysis of the collapse of the MAI talks); conflict resolution in the WTO (including the important implications of the shrimp-turtle dispute); and a wide-ranging discussion on the future of the trade/investment/environment debate. Not available through Brookings in the UK and Europe

This book focuses on the global economy, oil industry, natural gas industry, hydrogen energy industry, wind power industry, and low-carbon market in the post-pandemic era of China and the whole world. It provides the overview of the China's energy economy development in 2021 and has an in-depth analysis of the future development trends of the oil and gas and new energy industries. It aims to present Chinese insights on the development of the energy industry of China and the world.