Flooding in urbanized areas has become a very important issue around the world. The level of service (or performance) of urban drainage systems (UDS) degrades in time for a number of reasons. In order to maintain an acceptable performance of UDS, early rehabilitation plans must be developed and implemented. In developing countries the situation is serious, little investment is done and there are smaller funds each year for rehabilitation. The allocation of such funds must be "optimal" in providing value for money. However this task is not easy to achieve due to the multicriteria nature of the rehabilitation process, taking into account technical, environmental and social interests. Most of the time these are conflicting, which make it a highly demanding task. This book introduces a framework to deal with multicriteria decision making for the rehabilitation of urban drainage systems, and focuses on several aspects such as the improvement of the performance of the multicriteria optimization through the inclusion of new features in the algorithms and the proper selection of performance criteria. The use of Genetic Algorithms, parallelization and application in countries like Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela are treated in this book.

This study, conducted in Kenya, gives the first insight into the performance of a constructed treatment wetland receiving pulp and paper mill wastewater in the tropics.

The wetland effectively removed organic matter, suspended solids, phenols and nutrients. BOD and phenols reduction rates are reported for the first time. Design parameters and guidelines for the set-up and maintenance of a full-scale wetland are recommended. The study concludes that integrating a full-scale wetland, as a tertiary stage with the existing treatment ponds would significantly improve the quality of water in River Nzoia downstream of the effluent discharge.

This is a valuable resource book for scientists, managers and students in the field of wetland ecology, water and environmental management.

Hydrodynamics and Transport for Water Quality Modeling presents a complete overview of current methods used to describe or predict transport in aquatic systems, with special emphasis on water quality modeling. The book features detailed descriptions of each method, supported by sample applications and case studies drawn from the authors' years of experience in the field. Each chapter examines a variety of modeling approaches, from simple to complex. This unique text/reference offers a wealth of information previously unavailable from a single source.

The book begins with an overview of basic principles, and an introduction to the measurement and analysis of flow. The following section focuses on rivers and streams, including model complexity and data requirements, methods for estimating mixing, hydrologic routing methods, and unsteady flow modeling. The third section considers lakes and reservoirs, and discusses stratification and temperature modeling, mixing methods, reservoir routing and water balances, and dynamic modeling using one-, two-, and three-dimensional models. The book concludes with a section on estuaries, containing topics such as origins and classification, tides, mixing methods, tidally averaged estuary models, and dynamic modeling. Over 250 figures support the text.

This is a valuable guide for students and practicing modelers who do not have extensive backgrounds in fluid dynamics.

The first edition of this book established a niche as the only volume with a wide ranging review of analytical chemistry having a focus specific to environmental science.

This new edition has been thoroughly revised to take full account of the rapid changes and development in the field over the past five years. Separation science, atomic spectroscopy and speciation determinations are areas in which significant developments have been made, and these are reflected in the new edition. The importance of the assessment of the effects of pollutants on real systems has been recognised by the restructuring of the chapter on biological testing and incorporation of a new one on environmental toxicology. Self-assessment questions have been added.

Environmental science was one of the key concerns of the latter part of the twentieth century and will continue to be into the twenty-first. Concerns for environmental protection and public health worldwide have led to extensive legislation. The investigation and modelling of environmental systems, together with the implementation of laws and regulations, has led to a demand for a large number of environmental measurements, many of which are made by techniques falling within the broad range of analytical chemistry. Many professionals make regular use of data obtained by techniques of analytical chemistry. Thus, although not primarily analytical chemists or even chemists, they need sufficient knowledge of the background of analytical chemistry to judge the quality and limitations of the environmental data obtained. Very much the same situation arises in the academic world, where students are involved in environmental science studies or projects in which they need appropriate analytical chemistry information.

Both analytical chemistry and environmental science have an extensive literature at varying levels of sophistication. However, there have been few attempts to link the two. This book sets out the background to analytical chemistry and covers the principles of its most important techniques. This is done in a way that enables a user to grasp the strengths and weaknesses of a technique, together with its principles of operation, without becoming enmeshed in the chemical small print. Links to environmental uses are indicated in broad terms and then exemplified in more detail by accounts of specific and important environmental problems.

Written for students of chemistry, environmental science and related disciplines, the book is also an essential reference source for those who use environmental information and need to be aware of the factors affecting its quality and reliability.This is still the only book to focus exclusively on the analytical chemistry methods relevant to environmental studies.As useful to chemists as it is to non-specialists who require an understanding of the techniques employed to collect data in their disciplines (e.g. environmental researchers, ecotoxicologists, etc).

The Second Edition of the Practical Hydraulics Handbook is a must for all those who work with water utility systems. Presented in workbook format and emphasizing practical applications, this Handbook is perfect for hydraulic engineers, technicians, operating personnel, supervisors, managers, consultants, and students.
The exceptionally well-organized chapters include information on pressurized systems and open channel flow, principles of energy and force, flow calculations and measurement, pumps, and pumping applications.
This latest edition of the Practical Hydraulics Handbook includes new exercises at the end of each chapter and detailed solutions to selected exercises. The well-chosen exercises allow readers to practice applications of the theory and to test their knowledge of the material. The solutions provide guidance and problem-solving techniques that can be used both in the field and in the lab. Reference tables are also provided for calculations of friction loss, velocity, pipe fullness, well drawdown, English/metric conversions, power, and metered flow. These tables make calculations easier and minimize the chance for error.
In this new edition of Practical Hydraulics Handbook, all of the major principles and calculations dealing with the hydraulics of water systems are covered, and new and expanded material has been added.

Odours have become a priority concern for facility operators, engineers and urban planners who deal with waste and industrial treatment plants. The subjectivity of smell perception, its variability due to frequency and weather conditions, and the complex nature of the substances involved, has long hampered the regulation of odour emissions.

This book provides a comprehensive framework for the assessment, measurement and monitoring of odour emissions, and covers: Odour characterization and exposure effectsInstruments and methods for sampling and measurementStrategies for odour controlDispersion modelling for odour exposure assessmentOdour regulations and policiesProcedures for odour impact assessmentCase studies: Wastewater treatment, composting, industrial and CAFO plants, and landfill

Intended for researchers in environmental chemistry, environmental engineering, and civil engineering, this book is also an invaluable guide for industry professionals working in wastewater treatment, environmental and air analysis, and waste management.

Designed to be a stand alone desktop reference for the Stormwater manager, designer, and planner, the bestselling Municipal Stormwater Management has been expanded and updated. Here is what's new in the second edition:

· New material on complying with the NPDES program for Phase II and in running a stormwater quality program
· The latest information on stormwater utilities
· Metric versions of many of the equations, charts, and design monographs
· The latest information on Best Management Practices (BMPs)
· New concepts in stormwater master planning
· An understanding of the recent evolution in stormwater practice
· Site design practices to reduce stormwater impacts
· Lots of additional information related to the development of municipal stormwater programs


The authors provide the most up-to-date information available, including water quality best management practices and stormwater master and quality management plans. They present little known but valuable tables, charts, and procedures covering both common designs and more specialized situations. Both English and Metric versions of charts and nomographs are included where available and where deemed useful for the designer.

The text presents an understanding of what works and what doesn't in real-world municipalities. Topics on planning and institutional concerns focus on programs dealing with public awareness, ordinances and regulations, and financing. Technical design topics range from the practical aspects of hydrologic procedures to the design of culverts and storm drainage systems. This stand-alone document provides all the essential information for the design and analysis of most stormwater management facilities.

Municipal Stormwater Management, Second Edition covers all aspects of municipal Stormwater management, from planning and institutional concerns to technical design considerations. It details the design applications and the institutional aspects of Stormwater management that planners and administrators face on a daily basis. The material and depth of coverage make this book the perfect text for both professional and academic use.

This overview of fluvial geomorphology provides river engineers and managers, who may lack specialist training in this field, with useful insights into, and understanding of, natural channel forms and fluvial processes. Such information is a pre-requisite for carrying out environmental impact assessments and for developing environmentally sensitive design and management procedures to preserve riverine environments and restore degraded ones. Designing with nature is preferable to imposing hard engineering solutions as it sustains natural biodiversity and minimises costs. This book will also be an invaluable teaching aid for students, both under- and post-graduate, studying civil engineering, environmental management or sciences, or geography who are looking to have a wider knowledge of new approaches to the subject. Geomorphology requires the collection and consideration of a wide range of data, mostly field based but also including historical information such as archive documents and maps, which are outside the experience of most river engineers and managers. These data enable the current condition of the river to be explained, both locally and within the catchment, and establish historical changes and future trends. In addition, process studies have now identified many of the mechanisms controlling river morphology which underpin the development of soft, bio-engineering, design procedures. The book incorporates material on methods and techniques of data collection, analysis and interpretation, making extensive use of case studies throughout. Thus the experienced authors go some way towards demystifying applied fluvial geomorphology by demonstrating that, while there is still an element of judgement, major contributions to geomorphic understanding usually come from the careful assemblage and objective analysis of all available data and information.

Urban Drainage Practice will provide detailed guidance and practical advice on the design, operation, planning, management and maintenance principles required to address all major urban drainage issues. With the recent flooding incidents in the UK and internationally, and the UK government recommendations following the recent Pitt Review, this is a very topical issue. These recent incidents of recurrent flooding are examined within the book. Each chapter features an illustrative case study that will appeal to practitioners, and text has a strong practical focus throughout.

The fourth entry in the Basic Guide series, Basic Guide to Industrial Hygiene is an essential reference for anyone needing an elemental understanding of the growing industrial hygiene field. Written in a highly readable, easy-to-understand style, Basic Guide to Industrial Hygiene explains what industrial hygiene is, how it developed to its present professional level, and how to establish an industrial hygiene program. It also contains related information on such subjects of interest as human anatomy and industrial hazards. If you are a safety professional with limited experience in industrial hygiene, or if you are just beginning a career in industrial hygiene, this book will provide you with a thorough introduction to the fundamentals of this important discipline. This is what the reviewers are saying about Basic Guide to Industrial Hygiene: .,."will help someone to understand what industrial hygiene is, what it is about, the nature of the problems that industrial hygiene addresses and the general nature of controls." Roger Brauer, PhD, CSP, PE Technical Director, Board of Certified Safety Professionals "Mr. Vincoli is an excellent writer. His writing style holds your interest." Wesley R. VanPelt, PhD, CHP, CIH President, Wesley VanPett Associates "There is nothing like it in the field. It is needed by both higher education and practicing safety professionals who are being thrown into industrial hygiene things for which they have little preparation. This book lays it out for them."Keith E. Barenklau, PhD, PE, CSP Associate Professor and Program Director, Marshall University About the VNR Basic Guide Series The Van Nostrand Reinhold Basic Guide Series focuses on topics of interest totoday's safety, health, and environmental professionals. These manuals promote a quick and easy familiarity with certain subject areas that may be outside the professional's main field but are required knowledge on the job.

A complete guide to environmental, safety, and health engineering, including

• An overview of EPA and OSHA regulations
• Principles of environmental engineering, including pollution prevention, waste and wastewater treatment and disposal, environmental statistics, air emissions and abatement engineering, and hazardous waste storage and containment
• Principles of safety engineering, including safety management, equipment safety, fire and life safety, process and system safety, confined space safety, and construction safety
• Principles of industrial hygiene/occupational health engineering, including: chemical hazard assessment, personal protective equipment, industrial ventilation, ionizing and nonionizing radiation, noise, and ergonomics

This book is concerned with the causes and consequences of river and coastal floods and the ways in which people can respond to the flood hazard. Individual chapters address issues such as floods as natural hazards; impacts and interpretations of flood hazard; causes, spatial characteristics and form of river floods and coastal floods; flood estimation; flood defence; flood forecasting and warning; other responses including land use planning and insurance; and a concluding discussion of problems, policies and prospects. Floods has been written by two experienced and successful authors whose complementary skills are combined to give a broad, comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of the subject which can be used not only as a text book or learning manual but also as an authoritative reference source. This has been achieved by organising and structuring the material to demonstrate the continuity and linkages between the causes and impacts of flooding and the many possible responses to the flood hazard. At the same time the book ensures that discussion of each of the main themes and topics is, as far as is practicable, self-contained. The book is timely in several aspects. It addresses the topicality and universality of floods which are an increasing hazard at a time of global environmental change (climate, land use, population distribution etc.). It also offers the layman and practitioner alike a synthesis and clarification of many individual research efforts near the close of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction.

Poland, like other post-communist countries, is undergoing a transformation into a capitalist system. This transformation affects the country in many ways: economic, social, psychological and also ecological. Ecological problems are strongly connected with the political, economic and psychological inheritance of the past, as well as with changes in the post-communist society. In order to understand these problems, it is necessary to consider the following issues: - the geographic situation of Poland - the political transformations that occurred after World War II - forced development of heavy industry combined with neglect of its effects on the environment, and - the economic problems The three main goals of Environmental Engineering V are (I) to assess the state of scientific research in various areas of environmental engineering. (II) to evaluate organizational, technical and technological progress in contributing to ecological security, and (III) to determine the place of environmental engineering in sustainable development, taking into account political and economic conditions. Environmental Engineering V is of interest for academics, engineers and professionals involved in environmental engineering, seeking solutions for environmental problems in emerging new democracies, especially those who plan to participate in numerous projects sponsored by the European Union.

Intended for coastal engineers and marine scientists who desire to develop a fundamental physical understanding of ocean waves and be able to apply this knowledge to ocean and coastal analysis and design. Provides an introduction to the physical processes of ocean wave mechanics, an understanding of the basic techniques for wave analysis, techniques for practical calculation and prediction of waves and applied wave forecasting.

In the last two decades the EPA and other national and international agencies have placed increasingly strict regulations on the manufacture and use of synthetic colorants. The pigment and dye industry has had to develop the technology necessary to analyze and remediate pollutants in wastewater. Although these efforts have produced a considerable volume of information, until now, no single book has provided an organized, comprehensive treatment of the environmental chemistry of synthetic colorants.

Environmental Chemistry of Dyes and Pigments is the first comprehensive reference to address the environmental problems posed by synthetic colorants, and to provide a forum for the solutions proposed by industry, government, and academia. Focusing on developments in the field over the past two decades, it deals with all aspects of colored wastewater treatment, the disposal of dyes, analytical methods, toxicity, and regulatory questions.

In its coverage of wastewater treatment, this book addresses both the most commonly used methods and those specifically designed to address pollution problems at the source by analyzing for and removing dyes and pollutants from wastewater effluent. Throughout, real-world data on a wide variety of dyes and dye intermediates is provided, as well as cost-effective strategies for dealing with wastewater treatment.

In addition, several chapters are devoted to the perspectives of national and international experts on regulations governing the manufacture, handling, use, and disposal of synthetic dyes and pigments. The impact these regulations have had on both U.S. and foreign industry is also discussed.

A complete, comprehensive, and up-to-date guide to pollution prevention in the dyestuff and textile industries

Environmental Chemistry of Dyes and Pigments is the only self-contained volume that focuses on the environmental impact of synthetic dyes and pigments. Contributions by international experts from industry, academia, and government make this an indispensable book for anyone dealing with the environmental problems posed by synthetic colorants. It covers the entire range of environmental issues, from waste treatment and analysis to pollution prevention and government regulations.

Covers the latest wastewater treatment methods

Shows how to use recycling and reusing methods effectively, while cutting production costs

Describes state-of-the-art technology, including the PACT(r) system

Explains analysis techniques, including spectrometry and ionization

Covers legislative issues and the regulatory status of various compounds in both the United States and abroad

Examines the various pollution prevention programs instituted by government and industry

Bridging the gap between industrial interests and environmental concerns, Environmental Chemistry of Dyes and Pigments stands as an invaluable resource for scientists, researchers, and engineers in the textile and dyestuff industries, and in the environmental sciences. It is also an extremely useful text for environmental science students.

This book presents of all aspects of storm water management: the hydrologic cycle, sources of contaminants, standards applicable to discharges, regulatory issues, atmospheric deposition, best management practices, and health/environmental impacts. It includes technical details of the modern treatment of stormwater, the emerging issues of atmospheric deposition, run-on, and snow melt, the Epidemiologic Model, and field data on discharge concentrations of a variety of contaminants. The principles explained in this book will enable students, contractors, developers, and engineers to grasp the most important field elements which must be included for construction projects impacting stormwater.

Thousands of dams, essential to populations worldwide, are in need of maintenance and refurbishment within the next decade. The understanding of dam hydraulics and the principles behind them are of huge importance, and this is reflected in the fundamental importance of dams to water supply, irrigation, flood storage, and hydro-electric power generation. This book is intended to educate the reader by presenting the fundamental background knowledge needed to appreciate dam hydraulics, and presenting current design procedures. Illustrated with a wealth of selected figures and photographs to show the state-of-the-art, and possibilities of dam design, this reference work reviews many fundamental topics: overflows, energy dissipation, outlet structures, reservoir sedimentation, waves due to landslides, and dambreak waves.

Understanding how to properly manage urban stormwater is a critical concern to civil and environmental engineers the world over. Mismanagement of stormwater and urban runoff results in flooding, erosion, and water quality problems. In an effort to develop better management techniques, engineers have come to rely on computer simulation and advanced mathematical modeling techniques to help plan and predict water system performance. This important book outlines a new method that uses probability tools to model how stormwater behaves and interacts in a combined- or single-system municipal water system. Complete with sample problems and case studies illustrating how concepts really work, the book presents a cost-effective, easy-to-master approach to analytical modeling of stormwater management systems.

Develop a better understanding of what causes environmental problems and how to solve them! Today, engineers and scientists must work on more complex environmental problems than ever before. To find solutions to these problems requires an in-depth knowledge of the fundamentals of chemistry, biology, and physical processes. This text will provide you with a clear explanation of these fundamentals that are necessary for solving both small town and global environmental problems. With Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering, you'll develop a better understanding of the key concepts required for design, operation, analysis, and modeling of both natural and engineered systems. You'll also be able to make connections among the different specialty areas of environmental engineering emphasized throughout the text. And you'll quickly learn how to solve complex environmental problems and incorporate environmental concerns into your specialty. Key Features
* Covers the fundamentals of chemical, physical, and biological processes, and various units of concentration as applied to environmental engineering.
* Includes applications related to drinking water and wastewater treatment, air quality engineering and science, groundwater transport and remediation, surface water quality, hazardous solid waste management, and ecosystems.
* Developed by a team of authors who specialize in a diverse set of environmental areas.

An excellent knowledge base in soil and water chemistry —the ideal basic text for students of the environmental sciences

In Environmental Soil and Water Chemistry, leading soil and water authority V. P. Evangelou presents a complete overview of the principles and applications of soil science, addressing the subject by viewing the interactions between soil and water as a basis for understanding the nature, extent, and treatment of polluted soil and water. The text opens with a discussion of principles—the fundamental tenets of chemistry needed to understand soil and water quality and treatment of polluted resources—and continues with a look at applications for the control and treatment of soil and water. Suitable for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students, this extensive, timely volume covers:

• Water chemistry and mineral solubility; soil minerals and surface chemical properties and their behavior; and electrochemistry and kinetics
• The control of agricultural chemical pollution and land disturbance pollution; colloids and transport processes in soils; and technologies for measuring quality and executing treatment
• Specific chemical contaminants and the procedures for their neutralization

In a world where chemical pollutants pose a grave threat to the earth's natural resources, Environmental Soil and Water Chemistry offers students both an excellent textbook and a handy reference on the wide spectrum of environmental problems they will confront outside the classroom.

"Well-written and informative." --Richard Lewis, Lewis Information Systems "This [book] combines information which could possibly have required as many as four reference sources in the past." --Steven C. Messer In its first edition, John De Zuane's popular reference drew wide praise for being an insightful theoretical resource. Now, in the second edition of Handbook of Drinking Water Quality, De Zuane builds on that legacy with the same practical and conceptual emphases, adding a wealth of new information that provides immediate access to the data and guidelines needed to

• understand the impact of drinking water parameters on public health
• help build and operate water supply facilities
• conduct reliable drinking water sampling, monitoring, and analytical evaluation
• implement potability standards from the source to the treatment facility, to storage, to the tap
• write new standards and expand/modify existing standards as quickly as needed

Preventing contamination of drinking water requires a multidisciplinary perspective, one that incorporates elements of bacteriology, chemistry, physics, engineering, public health, preventive medicine, and control and evaluation management. In a concise, easy-to-use format, Handbook of Drinking Water Quality, Second Edition, describes

• Data and guidelines from the World Health Organization and the European Community used to develop drinking water standards
• U.S. drinking water standards--their physical, chemical, microbiological, and radionuclide parameters and monitoring requirements
• EPA-approved analytical methods and the most effective treatment technologies for each contaminant
• Critical concepts of water qualitycontrol as applied in water treatment in conventional or chemical treatment plants
• Disinfection and fluoridation requirements
• Common problems with water distribution systems, including dead ends, sediments, bacterial growth, insufficient pressure, and main breaks

To keep pace with recent breakthroughs in scientific research, water analysis, and program implementation and monitoring, this Second Edition features expanded and updated information on

• All drinking water regulations issued since the previous edition in 1990
• Current drinking water standards adopted by the European Community
• Lead poisoning, radon, and Cryptosporidium
• Compulsory water treatment for lead and copper
• Coliform Rule compliance (disinfection and filtration)
• Trihalomethane reduction with ozonation

As a quick reference, handbook, and technical manual Handbook of Drinking Water Quality, Second Edition, is an essential volume for engineers, water supply and treatment personnel, environmental scientists, public health officials, or anyone responsible for assuring the safety of drinking water.

Praise for Aquifer Hydraulics . . .

"Very easy to understand and follow, even for complicated applications . . . this book will be a significant addition to the library of individuals who are practicing in the field of geohydrology." —Professor M. M. Aral, Georgia Institute of Technology

"A valuable source of information for every student and practitioner of quantitative hydrogeology. I commend Dr. Batu for the thorough research and dedicated effort that went into the preparation of this book." —Stavros S. Papadopulos, Chairman, S. S. Papadopulos & Associates, Inc.

This book offers the most detailed and comprehensive coverage available of aquifer hydraulics, testing, and analysis for a wide range of aquifer and well types under differing conditions. It presents the theoretical foundations and limitations of existing analytical models for each ground water system, along with an in-depth examination of hydrogeologic data analysis methods. Translating theory into practice, detailed examples illustrate the real-world application of well test techniques—an invaluable aid to readers in the design, execution, and analysis of their own field tests.

With an accompanying computer disk packed with data analysis programs, Aquifer Hydraulics is an essential tool for practicing and aspiring hydrogeologists, environmental engineers, and others involved in aquifer evaluation and protection.

Water Quality: Management of a Natural Resource is the first text in the field to discuss aquatic ecosystems in the context of human valuation, human decision making, and how those attributes vary among cultures. The approach is interdisciplinary and cross-cultural and offers four critical new dimensions to the existing literature on water quality management. The book addresses a social dimension and an understanding of how water quality management has evolved to its present state; an integrated dimension, in which the interactions among chemical, physical, biological, and social aspects are explored; an ecological dimension to yield a proactive management strategy; and an international dimension demonstrating the care required in applying water quality management across borders and regions and among many cultures. Each chapter of the book begins with an overview and concludes with a list of review papers, texts, and primary journal articles. Written for advanced students in water quality management and decision makers interested in a broad and integrated approach to water quality management, Water Quality: Management of a Natural Resource is the most comprehensive source in the field.

This book covers the public health, technical, socioeconomic, sociocultural and institutional aspects of sanitation in towns and cities of developing countries. The text features excreta-related diseases and the use of sanitation to reduce their transmission. The sanitation technologies covered in detail are VIP latrines, pour-flush toilets, septic tanks, settled sewerage and simplified sewerage, with additional chapters on sullage disposal, pit emptying, and sewage treatment and reuse. Sociocultural constraints on sanitation systems and their socioeconomic costing are described, together with hygiene education, which is essential in order to achieve maximum benefits to health. The text also explains how to choose the most appropriate sanitation option for a given low-income community. Finally, institutional aspects are reviewed, including effective sanitation programme planning, monitoring and evaluation.

Sustainable Stormwater Management introduces engineers and designers to ideas and methods for managing stormwater in a more ecologically sustainable fashion. It provides detailed information on the design process, engineering details and calculations, and construction concerns. Concepts are illustrated with real-world examples, complete with photographs. This guide integrates the perspectives of landscape architects, planners, and scientists for a multi-disciplinary approach. This is an enlightening reference for professionals working in stormwater management, from engineers and designers to developers to regulators, and a great text for college courses.