This study, conducted in Kenya, gives the first insight into the performance of a constructed treatment wetland receiving pulp and paper mill wastewater in the tropics.

The wetland effectively removed organic matter, suspended solids, phenols and nutrients. BOD and phenols reduction rates are reported for the first time. Design parameters and guidelines for the set-up and maintenance of a full-scale wetland are recommended. The study concludes that integrating a full-scale wetland, as a tertiary stage with the existing treatment ponds would significantly improve the quality of water in River Nzoia downstream of the effluent discharge.

This is a valuable resource book for scientists, managers and students in the field of wetland ecology, water and environmental management.

Hydrodynamics and Transport for Water Quality Modeling presents a complete overview of current methods used to describe or predict transport in aquatic systems, with special emphasis on water quality modeling. The book features detailed descriptions of each method, supported by sample applications and case studies drawn from the authors' years of experience in the field. Each chapter examines a variety of modeling approaches, from simple to complex. This unique text/reference offers a wealth of information previously unavailable from a single source.

The book begins with an overview of basic principles, and an introduction to the measurement and analysis of flow. The following section focuses on rivers and streams, including model complexity and data requirements, methods for estimating mixing, hydrologic routing methods, and unsteady flow modeling. The third section considers lakes and reservoirs, and discusses stratification and temperature modeling, mixing methods, reservoir routing and water balances, and dynamic modeling using one-, two-, and three-dimensional models. The book concludes with a section on estuaries, containing topics such as origins and classification, tides, mixing methods, tidally averaged estuary models, and dynamic modeling. Over 250 figures support the text.

This is a valuable guide for students and practicing modelers who do not have extensive backgrounds in fluid dynamics.

The Second Edition of the Practical Hydraulics Handbook is a must for all those who work with water utility systems. Presented in workbook format and emphasizing practical applications, this Handbook is perfect for hydraulic engineers, technicians, operating personnel, supervisors, managers, consultants, and students.
The exceptionally well-organized chapters include information on pressurized systems and open channel flow, principles of energy and force, flow calculations and measurement, pumps, and pumping applications.
This latest edition of the Practical Hydraulics Handbook includes new exercises at the end of each chapter and detailed solutions to selected exercises. The well-chosen exercises allow readers to practice applications of the theory and to test their knowledge of the material. The solutions provide guidance and problem-solving techniques that can be used both in the field and in the lab. Reference tables are also provided for calculations of friction loss, velocity, pipe fullness, well drawdown, English/metric conversions, power, and metered flow. These tables make calculations easier and minimize the chance for error.
In this new edition of Practical Hydraulics Handbook, all of the major principles and calculations dealing with the hydraulics of water systems are covered, and new and expanded material has been added.

The first edition of this book established a niche as the only volume with a wide ranging review of analytical chemistry having a focus specific to environmental science.

This new edition has been thoroughly revised to take full account of the rapid changes and development in the field over the past five years. Separation science, atomic spectroscopy and speciation determinations are areas in which significant developments have been made, and these are reflected in the new edition. The importance of the assessment of the effects of pollutants on real systems has been recognised by the restructuring of the chapter on biological testing and incorporation of a new one on environmental toxicology. Self-assessment questions have been added.

Environmental science was one of the key concerns of the latter part of the twentieth century and will continue to be into the twenty-first. Concerns for environmental protection and public health worldwide have led to extensive legislation. The investigation and modelling of environmental systems, together with the implementation of laws and regulations, has led to a demand for a large number of environmental measurements, many of which are made by techniques falling within the broad range of analytical chemistry. Many professionals make regular use of data obtained by techniques of analytical chemistry. Thus, although not primarily analytical chemists or even chemists, they need sufficient knowledge of the background of analytical chemistry to judge the quality and limitations of the environmental data obtained. Very much the same situation arises in the academic world, where students are involved in environmental science studies or projects in which they need appropriate analytical chemistry information.

Both analytical chemistry and environmental science have an extensive literature at varying levels of sophistication. However, there have been few attempts to link the two. This book sets out the background to analytical chemistry and covers the principles of its most important techniques. This is done in a way that enables a user to grasp the strengths and weaknesses of a technique, together with its principles of operation, without becoming enmeshed in the chemical small print. Links to environmental uses are indicated in broad terms and then exemplified in more detail by accounts of specific and important environmental problems.

Written for students of chemistry, environmental science and related disciplines, the book is also an essential reference source for those who use environmental information and need to be aware of the factors affecting its quality and reliability.This is still the only book to focus exclusively on the analytical chemistry methods relevant to environmental studies.As useful to chemists as it is to non-specialists who require an understanding of the techniques employed to collect data in their disciplines (e.g. environmental researchers, ecotoxicologists, etc).

Designed to be a stand alone desktop reference for the Stormwater manager, designer, and planner, the bestselling Municipal Stormwater Management has been expanded and updated. Here is what's new in the second edition:

· New material on complying with the NPDES program for Phase II and in running a stormwater quality program
· The latest information on stormwater utilities
· Metric versions of many of the equations, charts, and design monographs
· The latest information on Best Management Practices (BMPs)
· New concepts in stormwater master planning
· An understanding of the recent evolution in stormwater practice
· Site design practices to reduce stormwater impacts
· Lots of additional information related to the development of municipal stormwater programs


The authors provide the most up-to-date information available, including water quality best management practices and stormwater master and quality management plans. They present little known but valuable tables, charts, and procedures covering both common designs and more specialized situations. Both English and Metric versions of charts and nomographs are included where available and where deemed useful for the designer.

The text presents an understanding of what works and what doesn't in real-world municipalities. Topics on planning and institutional concerns focus on programs dealing with public awareness, ordinances and regulations, and financing. Technical design topics range from the practical aspects of hydrologic procedures to the design of culverts and storm drainage systems. This stand-alone document provides all the essential information for the design and analysis of most stormwater management facilities.

Municipal Stormwater Management, Second Edition covers all aspects of municipal Stormwater management, from planning and institutional concerns to technical design considerations. It details the design applications and the institutional aspects of Stormwater management that planners and administrators face on a daily basis. The material and depth of coverage make this book the perfect text for both professional and academic use.

This overview of fluvial geomorphology provides river engineers and managers, who may lack specialist training in this field, with useful insights into, and understanding of, natural channel forms and fluvial processes. Such information is a pre-requisite for carrying out environmental impact assessments and for developing environmentally sensitive design and management procedures to preserve riverine environments and restore degraded ones. Designing with nature is preferable to imposing hard engineering solutions as it sustains natural biodiversity and minimises costs. This book will also be an invaluable teaching aid for students, both under- and post-graduate, studying civil engineering, environmental management or sciences, or geography who are looking to have a wider knowledge of new approaches to the subject. Geomorphology requires the collection and consideration of a wide range of data, mostly field based but also including historical information such as archive documents and maps, which are outside the experience of most river engineers and managers. These data enable the current condition of the river to be explained, both locally and within the catchment, and establish historical changes and future trends. In addition, process studies have now identified many of the mechanisms controlling river morphology which underpin the development of soft, bio-engineering, design procedures. The book incorporates material on methods and techniques of data collection, analysis and interpretation, making extensive use of case studies throughout. Thus the experienced authors go some way towards demystifying applied fluvial geomorphology by demonstrating that, while there is still an element of judgement, major contributions to geomorphic understanding usually come from the careful assemblage and objective analysis of all available data and information.

'This excellent book makes a major contribution to the literature on regulation in a pro-poor direction for urban water supply. It is extremely relevant for policy-makers striving to achieve the Millennium Development Goal for halving the share of world's population without access to clean and affordable water.' Andrew Nickson, University of Birmingham, UK The aim of this book is to present the potential benefits as well as the challenges of introducing a more formal economic regulatory process into the urban water sector arena in lower-income countries. There is a particular focus upon the impact this may have on the poorest, the informal, slum and shanty dwellers of the rapidly growing cities. Economic regulation, usually introduced in the context of private operation of monopoly water supply, can deliver objectivity and transparency in the price-setting process for public as well as private providers. The book describes and analyses these issues through a consideration of ten country case studies. As a starting point, the current situation for the provision of water and sanitation services for the poorest through non-regulated public providers in India and Uganda is reviewed. Comparative chapters are then presented on Ghana, Philippines, Bolivia, Jordan, Zambia and Indonesia, all with varying degrees of private sector involvement and regulation. Finally the experiences of two richer countries are considered - Chile and England, countries with the longest experience of economic regulation and the 'most privatized' suppliers. In all cases there is a focus on the very necessary role of customer involvement in price-setting and service monitoring and on the role of alternative (private) service providers.

Thousands of dams, essential to populations worldwide, are in need of maintenance and refurbishment within the next decade. The understanding of dam hydraulics and the principles behind them are of huge importance, and this is reflected in the fundamental importance of dams to water supply, irrigation, flood storage, and hydro-electric power generation. This book is intended to educate the reader by presenting the fundamental background knowledge needed to appreciate dam hydraulics, and presenting current design procedures. Illustrated with a wealth of selected figures and photographs to show the state-of-the-art, and possibilities of dam design, this reference work reviews many fundamental topics: overflows, energy dissipation, outlet structures, reservoir sedimentation, waves due to landslides, and dambreak waves.

Sustainable Stormwater Management introduces engineers and designers to ideas and methods for managing stormwater in a more ecologically sustainable fashion. It provides detailed information on the design process, engineering details and calculations, and construction concerns. Concepts are illustrated with real-world examples, complete with photographs. This guide integrates the perspectives of landscape architects, planners, and scientists for a multi-disciplinary approach. This is an enlightening reference for professionals working in stormwater management, from engineers and designers to developers to regulators, and a great text for college courses.

Assesses tank system design and performance standards established by Underwriters Laboratories, the Steel Tank Institute, the National Fire Protection Association, and other major fire and building codes, as well as regulatory requirements of governmental bodies such as the Environmental Protection Agency and other government regulatory bodies. This timely reference surveys manufacturing and installation methods, standards, and specifications of factory-made steel storage tanks and appurtenances for petroleum, chemicals, hydrocarbons, and other flammable or combustible liquids-chronicling the trends toward secondary containment, aboveground storage tanks, and corrosion-resistant underground steel storage systems. Written by over 20 leading experts in industry, the Handbook of Storage Tank Systems discusses relevant fire safety and building codes, construction specifications, and environmental regulations outlines critical issues in planning an underground or aboveground storage system explains the newest corrosion-resistant and secondary containment designs for underground tanks investigates methods of employing aboveground storage tanks with integral secondary containment or diking, while preventing fire and environmental hazards reviews the history of storage tanks in terms of environmental impact and fire prevention showcases jacketed steel tanks and corrosion-free steel containers that innovatively employ fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) and high-density polyethylene examines shielded metal, gas metal, flux core, and submerged arc welding procedures describes the structural interrelation of tank walls, grounding, piping, and accessories highlights corrosion-resistant approaches such as cathodically protected steel and durable, dielectric coatings compares tank construction standards involving traditional single-wall and newer double-wall designs evaluates groundwater and vapor monitoring, leak detection, interstit

One quarter of the world's population lives in karst terrains, yet karsts are highly vulnerable to stresses caused by human activity. This book surveys human impact on karst water, showing that the increasing pollution of the environment has, to a great extent, spoiled sensitive karst ecosystems. This text examines such consequences and offers proposals for future solutions and strategies. Part One provides an overview of the functioning of karsts and of human interaction with karst environments over several millennia. Part Two consists of a systematic examination of the major areas of human activity affecting karst waters, such as agriculture, industry, mining and water exploitation. Finally, Part Three views the effects on karst groundwater within a broader societal and legislative perspective and considers possible changes of methodology and approach.

This book examines the processes available for the various stages of treatment of wastewater, begining with the preliminary processes of screening, grit removal and storm water separation and ending with tertiary treatment and sludge disposal.Key Coverage Considerable emphasis on the biological processes that are used for the oxidation of BOD and the removal of nitrogen and phosphorous. Presents options for the treatment of industrial wastewater, including anaerobic digestion, physico-chemical processes and enhanced oxidation are also discussed.

"Over GBP200 billion worth of assets are at risk around British rivers and coasts and those risks are likely to increase over the next 100 years due to changes in climate and in society." Sir David King, Government Chief Scientific Adviser This book presents a comprehensive insight into the flooding system, spanning multiple disciplines across different sectors of the flood and flood management professions. It forecasts the manner in which flooding and coastal erosion risks may increase during the 21st century due to climate change.

The use of risk assessment in dam safety management as advocated by the International Commission On Large Dams (ICOLD) will be greatly enhanced by Risk and Uncertainty in Dam Safety, an authoritative, comprehensive and valuable contribution to dam safety practices. Through the presentation of a systematic and integrated process, Risk and Uncertainty in Dam Safety assists the dam owner in evaluating the needs for dam safety improvement, selecting and prioritizing remedial and corrective actions, and improving the operation, maintenance and surveillance procedures. As a result of the unique cooperation among experienced and knowledgeable dam owners, dam safety mangers and engineers, and experts in the theoretical basis for risk assessment, Risk and Uncertainty in dam safety contains a thorough review of how state-of-the-art industry has become, provides lessons from first hand practical experience, and gives significant new contributions that will enhance understanding of the risk assessment and management process and how to apply it effectively, increasing awareness and reduce complacency regarding dam safety issues. Risk and Uncertainty in Dam Safety will appeal not only to industry specialists but also to readers outside the dam engineering community due to its general and excellent treatment of the various topics in the integrated process of risk assessment

The book provides instruction and guidance on the evaluation and decision-making processes involved in the conception and realisation of water and wastewater engineering projects. It describes how requirements are assessed for both water supply and sewerage systems, how solutions are specified to meet those demands and how systems are designed, installed, operated and maintained in conformance with operational and environmental standards. The author not only covers engineering design, but also explains methods for financial analysis of project proposals, environmental impact assessment and the management of water projects.

Urban Drainage Practice will provide detailed guidance and practical advice on the design, operation, planning, management and maintenance principles required to address all major urban drainage issues. With the recent flooding incidents in the UK and internationally, and the UK government recommendations following the recent Pitt Review, this is a very topical issue. These recent incidents of recurrent flooding are examined within the book. Each chapter features an illustrative case study that will appeal to practitioners, and text has a strong practical focus throughout.

Rehabilitation of Rivers Principles and Implementation Edited by Louise C. de Waal Division of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, UK Andrew R. G. Large Department of Geography, University of Newcastle, UK and P. Max Wade Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK River rehabilitation has become an issue at the top of the agenda for water authorities and river managers in many countries throughout the world. This challenging topic involves a wide range of themes, many of which are brought together in this volume. They concern planning strategy, implementation and project appraisal for a number of different types of river systems including upland, lowland and urban rivers. Topic areas addressed include hydrology, geomorphology, ecology and economics as, to be successful, rehabilitation of freshwaters must incorporate all of these subjects within a holistic framework. This volume covers a wide range of countries, provides comprehensive and integrated coverage of factors concerning river rehabilitation and encompasses policy, planning and implementation. As such, the text will have a lasting reference value and practical application. Rehabilitation of Rivers combines prescriptive, analytical and reviewing contributions, covering a wide range of case studies from Britain, continental Europe, the USA, Australia and Japan. It also examines strategic issues such as catchment planning and integrated application of ecology and engineering in river rehabilitation. This book will be an important text for all water authorities and river managers as well as hydrologists, geomorphologists, ecologists and nature conservationists.

Written by an expert with thirty years experience in the field, this is a concise review of the hydrodynamic concepts and calculation procedures, upon which fluvial hydraulics is built.
The first part is devoted to steady uniform and non-uniform as well as unsteady flow in open channels. The second part deals with transport phenomena, including sediment transport and local scour, turbidity currents and mixing processes in open channels.
The volume is divided into nine chapters of unequal length which are autonomous and self-contained. The subject matter presented in each chapter is usually followed by a number of solved exercises, accompanied by a detailed discussion of the solution procedure. Unsolved problems are given at the end of each chapter.
The book is written in a user-friendly style and has a double vocation. It will readily serve as a textbook for undergraduate and/or graduate students as well as a handbook for the professionals dealing with problems in environmental, water resources, civil, hydraulic and agricultural engineering, and in geomorphology and geology.

This book presents of all aspects of storm water management: the hydrologic cycle, sources of contaminants, standards applicable to discharges, regulatory issues, atmospheric deposition, best management practices, and health/environmental impacts. It includes technical details of the modern treatment of stormwater, the emerging issues of atmospheric deposition, run-on, and snow melt, the Epidemiologic Model, and field data on discharge concentrations of a variety of contaminants. The principles explained in this book will enable students, contractors, developers, and engineers to grasp the most important field elements which must be included for construction projects impacting stormwater.

Water is a basic human need and a scarce commodity with increasing value to farmers, industries, and cities in an urbanizing world. It is unpredictable in supply and quality, difficult to contain or direct, and notoriously difficult to manage well. Several trends - climate change, the endurance of widespread global water poverty, intensifying competition among rival uses and users, and the vulnerability of critical freshwater ecosystems - combine to intensify the challenges of governing water wisely, fairly, and efficiently. The twenty-seven chapters in The Oxford Handbook of Water Politics and Policy address such issues over the course of seven thematic sections. These themes reflect familiar frameworks in the water policy world, including water, poverty, and health; water and nature; and water equity and justice. Other sections look at emergent and contentious policy arenas, including the water/energy/food nexus and management of uncertainty in water supply, or connect well-established strands in new ways, including sections on water tools (water price and value, supply and demand, privatization, corporate responsibility) and issues surrounding transboundary waters. This volume conceives of water as a global issue, and gathers a diverse group of leading scholars of water politics and policy.

An integrated framework for water resources management

It has been said that "water is the next oil." A strong global consensus has begun to develop that effective water management must start at the watershed level, and that water management actions must be taken in the context of watersheds, and the human communities in them. "Integrated Watershed Management: Principles and Practice, Second Edition" presents a flexible, integrated framework for watershed management that addresses the biophysical, social, and economic issues affecting water resources and their use.

Comprehensive in scope and multidisciplinary in approach, it equips readers with the necessary tools and techniques to develop sound watershed management policy and practice--from problem definition and goal setting to selecting management strategies and procedures for monitoring implementation. Ten years of practice have demonstrated that the core concepts presented in the first edition of this book remain true and important. This Second Edition is fully updated to reflect current practice and recent experience in watershed management, including:

New coverage of strategies for the selection and evaluation of public engagement processes

Sampling, data management, and computer simulation technologies

Recent legislative changes

International watershed issues

Many new case studies

Water resources planning and management is not just a technical challenge; it is also a social challenge, and an opportunity. It is, ultimately, a framework for human societies to shape, protect, and improve the environment in which they live. Providing a rational framework for the development of water resources management strategies, "Integrated Watershed Management, Second Edition" is a one-stop resource for upper-level students and professionals in environmental science, natural resource management, and environmental engineering.

Covering such topics as designation of uses, antidegradation, procedures for review and revision of water quality standards, and the water-quality-based approach to pollution control, this handbook provides readers with guidance on complying with the Water Quality Standards Regulation, 40 CFR 131.

A comprehensive, single-source reference of current issues in solid waste management designed as an aid in decision-making and assessment of future trends. The book covers public perceptions, legislation, regulation, planning and financing and technologies and operation. Also reviewed is the evolution of waste management since the passage of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, amended in 1978, 1980 and 1984. Common and divergent public and private concerns are examined, including an in-depth review of public perceptions and their effect on planning and implementation. Also included is a discussion of the inadequacies of most waste quantity and composition estimates, with techniques for adequate evaluation. The book looks at the misunderstanding and controversy over source separation and issues in municipal resource recovery from the viewpoint of the private scrap process industry. An unprecedented examination of the problem of bulky waste logistics and its effect on current disposal practice is presented, along with case histories and the current status of energy recovery from industrial waste. Over 500 tables, graphs and illustrations are incorporated in the text.

Originating from their work at Cambridge University on the design of energy efficient homes in Northern Europe, the authors consider the site constructions, building designs, available renewable energy sources, and servicing systems in different types of low energy houses.

ASCE/EWRI 45-05 provides guidelines for the design of urban stormwater systems, covering topics such as site analysis, system configuration, hydrology, hydraulic design, nonstructural considerations, structural design, and materials. ""ASCE/EWRI 46-05"" presents guidelines for the installation of urban stormwater systems and discusses subjects such as contract documents, preconstruction site inspection, construction, and inspection. ""ASCE/EWRI 47-05"" provides guidelines for the operation and maintenance of urban stormwater systems, topics include: operation and maintenance plans, water quality, periodic inspection, and maintenance. The Standards in this volume were developed by the Urban Drainage Standards Committee, which is responsible to the Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI) of ASCE. These standards are intended to compliment design procedures of the ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 77, Design and Construction of Urban Stormwater Management Systems.