In the United States alone, deaths due to furniture and bed fires still rank as the top-most category of fire losses. The flammability of upholstered furniture is a major concern of engineers and others across a wide swath of organizations. This book was written to provide its audience with the science and engineering need to better understand the combustibility of the products they manufacture, purchase, and try to extinguish. Beginning with a brief overview of materials, safety design and standards, the text covers topics such as flame ignition, spread, toxic gases, heat release rate (HRR), test methods, fire hazard analysis, and selected regulations in the US, UK, and EU.

One quarter of the world's population lives in karst terrains, yet karsts are highly vulnerable to stresses caused by human activity. This book surveys human impact on karst water, showing that the increasing pollution of the environment has, to a great extent, spoiled sensitive karst ecosystems. This text examines such consequences and offers proposals for future solutions and strategies. Part One provides an overview of the functioning of karsts and of human interaction with karst environments over several millennia. Part Two consists of a systematic examination of the major areas of human activity affecting karst waters, such as agriculture, industry, mining and water exploitation. Finally, Part Three views the effects on karst groundwater within a broader societal and legislative perspective and considers possible changes of methodology and approach.

Over the last 100 years, sea level has risen approximately 12 centimeters and is expected to continue rising at an even faster rate. This situation has serious implications for human activity along our coasts. In this book, geological and coastal engineering experts examine recent sea level trends and project changes over the next 100 years, anticipating shoreline response to changing sea level and the consequences for coastal development and uses. Scenarios for future sea level rise and several case studies are presented.

"Over GBP200 billion worth of assets are at risk around British rivers and coasts and those risks are likely to increase over the next 100 years due to changes in climate and in society." Sir David King, Government Chief Scientific Adviser This book presents a comprehensive insight into the flooding system, spanning multiple disciplines across different sectors of the flood and flood management professions. It forecasts the manner in which flooding and coastal erosion risks may increase during the 21st century due to climate change.

This book examines the processes available for the various stages of treatment of wastewater, begining with the preliminary processes of screening, grit removal and storm water separation and ending with tertiary treatment and sludge disposal.Key Coverage Considerable emphasis on the biological processes that are used for the oxidation of BOD and the removal of nitrogen and phosphorous. Presents options for the treatment of industrial wastewater, including anaerobic digestion, physico-chemical processes and enhanced oxidation are also discussed.

The use of risk assessment in dam safety management as advocated by the International Commission On Large Dams (ICOLD) will be greatly enhanced by Risk and Uncertainty in Dam Safety, an authoritative, comprehensive and valuable contribution to dam safety practices. Through the presentation of a systematic and integrated process, Risk and Uncertainty in Dam Safety assists the dam owner in evaluating the needs for dam safety improvement, selecting and prioritizing remedial and corrective actions, and improving the operation, maintenance and surveillance procedures. As a result of the unique cooperation among experienced and knowledgeable dam owners, dam safety mangers and engineers, and experts in the theoretical basis for risk assessment, Risk and Uncertainty in dam safety contains a thorough review of how state-of-the-art industry has become, provides lessons from first hand practical experience, and gives significant new contributions that will enhance understanding of the risk assessment and management process and how to apply it effectively, increasing awareness and reduce complacency regarding dam safety issues. Risk and Uncertainty in Dam Safety will appeal not only to industry specialists but also to readers outside the dam engineering community due to its general and excellent treatment of the various topics in the integrated process of risk assessment

Low-Temperature District Heating Implementation Guidebook. This guidebook was written between 2018 and 2021 by seventeen authors within the IEA DHC/CHP TS2 annex. The input came from 250+ literature references and 165 inspiration initiatives to obtain lower temperatures in buildings and heat distribution networks. The author group wrote 40 internal documents about early implementations of low-temperature district heating. Fifteen of these early implementations are presented in this guidebook. The guidebook contains aggregated information about the main economic drivers for low-temperature district heating, how to obtain lower temperatures in heating systems inside existing and new buildings, and how to obtain lower temperatures in existing and new heat distribution networks. An applied study of a campus system in Darmstadt shows the possibility of reducing temperatures in an existing heat distribution network with rather high temperatures. The competitiveness of low-temperature district heating is explored by analysing business models and heat distribution costs. Early adopters of low-temperature district heating are presented by examples and by identified transition strategies. Five groups of network configurations with fourteen variants are presented to be used for low-temperature district heating. Finally, all 165 identified inspiration initiatives and all 137 locations mentioned are listed.

A thorough, accessible introduction to the discipline of environmental management.

The modern environmental manager is a multi-disciplined administrator whose areas of expertise encompass everything from technological know-how, to business and finance, to an understanding of federal, state, and local statutes and regulations. Fundamentals of Environmental Management incorporates a detailed understanding of each of these areas into a clear, integrated introduction to this dynamic and demanding discipline. Addressing the full spectrum of environmental affairs management issues, this comprehensive guide provides a balance of the practical advice and in-depth legal knowledge required to build and maintain a successful environmental management program in compliance with all levels of government requirements. It also discusses concepts for managing beyond compliance and provides solid recommendations on how to establish productive relationships with environmental agencies and other external stakeholders. This unique resource provides:

• Broad coverage of technical, legal, and business management aspects of environmental management.
• Detailed discussions of management responsibilities in each medium: air, water, and soil.
• A survey of all pertinent U.S. federal regulations, including RCRA, TSCA, CERCLA, the Clean Air Act, and the Clean Water Act.
• Practical guidance on when and how to request permits, and which permits to request.

  A powerful tool in the hands of environmental managers, plant managers, and environmental, health, and safety managers for manufacturing firms, Fundamentals of Environmental Management is also an excellent text for graduate students in environmental management programs and an important reference for environmental attorneys and consultants.

Hydrometry is concerned with the measurements of all the variables in the hydrological (water) cycle and hydrological information is therefore necessary for the practice of efficient water management. Water will be a major issue as the world enters the third millennium where more than one quarter of its population still do not have safe drinking water. An increasing demand is therefore placed on hydrometry to provide the essential hydrometric information in order that the world's water resources may be managed more efficiently. The aim of this second edition is to continue the success of the first edition by including new chapters on weather radar, remote sensing, groundwater and tree ring analysis, important in extending hydrometric records. Chapters of the first edition have been brought up to date as necessary in accordance with new technology and care has been taken to bridge the gap between past methods in hydrometry. The book therefore provides an invaluable guide to managers as well as field personnel who have operation and decision making roles in water management. Contents: Flow measurement; Instrumentation; Long river records; Precipitation measuring radar; Satellite remote sensing; Groundwater; Tree ring analysis; Transmission of hydrometric data by satellite; Maximizing the utility of river flow data; Hydrometric data processing; Uncertainties and Measuring up to water resources assessment.

This book brings together material essential for the understanding and application of techniques used in relation to water wells. Adopting a practical approach, emphasis is put on field-based trials and effective implementation. The basic concepts of hydrogeology are presented, explaining the fundamentals of subsurface hydraulics. This is supplemented by the main exploration methods used in hydrogeology, the criteria for developing groundwater resources and the main principles of water chemistry. A detailed description of the various drilling techniques is given, and each stage in the design and construction of water wells is set out. Numerous practical examples are included. Database management tools providing techniques for the monitoring and storing of information are described.

The book provides instruction and guidance on the evaluation and decision-making processes involved in the conception and realisation of water and wastewater engineering projects. It describes how requirements are assessed for both water supply and sewerage systems, how solutions are specified to meet those demands and how systems are designed, installed, operated and maintained in conformance with operational and environmental standards. The author not only covers engineering design, but also explains methods for financial analysis of project proposals, environmental impact assessment and the management of water projects.

Because your success begins with the right formula … Finding the right formula is an essential part of environmental engineering and research. However, consulting the literature of the many disciplines that affect your work can be a time-consuming, inefficient, and often difficult process. Not any more! The Formula Handbook brings together in a single volume the most popular and useful formulas covering biological/biochemical processes in natural and engineered systems—saving hours of valuable research time. Compiled from select journals, review articles, and books, the Formula Handbook is an indispensable one-stop reference for today’s busy environmental engineer or scientist. The Handbook is arranged alphabetically, making information easy to find. In addition to the formulas themselves, entries include:

• An introduction to the topic
• Definition of terms
• Numerical values
• Tables and figures
• References

There is an alarming tendency today to assume that something calculated by a computer must be correct, yet the phrase 'garbage in, garbage out' (gigo) is possibly nowhere more (generally) appropriate than in computer modelling of cohesive sediment behaviour. The behaviour of 'mud' is highly complex and one only needs to look at a sample under a microscope to see why - the variety of particle shapes, not to mention the presence of living organisms, make it a substance with properties virtually unique to its situation which even change with time. For many years most researchers tended to avoid it, preferring to study sand and gravel, but a dedicated few tackled it and found a forum for discussing their work in the first Cohesive Sediments Workshop in Florida in 1980. The workshop met about every three years resulting in publication of some of the most definitive papers on the subject. By 1994 it was time to recognise the extensive research being carried on in Europe by holding the workshop in that region. Intercoh '94 (the 4th Nearshore and Estuarine Cohesive Sediment Transport Conference) drew together about 100 of the world's leading researchers in the field. The resulting papers, presented in this volume, truly represent the definitive state of the art on the measurement and modelling of mud properties today.

The very word "barrages" is evocative. In the context of tidal waters it conjures up pictures of massive structures and environmental change. Barrages represent the engineer?s success where King Canute failed ? to stop the tide coming in. They are hardly a new concept as man has for centuries tried to harness tidal power to drive his machinery, but a new breed of barrage is emerging, aimed at regenerating depressed urban areas. One of the primary aims of such schemes has been to drown "unsightly" mud flats. If you happen to be a wading bird used to enjoying the worms that live in intertidal mud flats you may not share that perspective. Indeed, many people today tend to side with the birds, fish and other ecological wonders and often find themselves in conflict with the promoters of a barrage scheme. How far are their fears justified? Are the negative impacts as bad as some people have predicted or even worse? How accurately can the impacts be predicted by scientific methods? Can the barrage be designed and its operation controlled to mitigate any negative effects as well as to optimise its primary objective? These issues are addressed in this book by authors drawing on their experience of research and practical experience.

Assessment and Control of VOC Emissions from Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities Thomas T. Shen, Ph.D., Charles Schmidt, Ph.D., and Thomas Card The complications surrounding Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emissions have emerged as a matter of increasing environmental attention and concern, due largely to the huge quantities involved, their known toxicity, and their suspected carcinogenicity. Assessment and Control of VOC Emissions from Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities is the first book to both thoroughly explore the topic and present the entire range of environmentally and economically viable solutions. The authors address the most recent developments, the newest applications, and the latest methodological advances in the field. The book includes sections on:

• waste characterizations, such as vapor pressure, solubility, molecular weights, and more
• emission mechanisms including volatilization, hydrolysis, photodecomposition, biodegradation, and incineration
• various types of VOC emission sources
• the latest regulatory information on The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), and the Clean Air Act (CAA)
• the entire range of measuring and monitoring approaches for assessing VOC emission rates
• VOC pathway analyses
• toxicity, exposure, and basic information about conducting health risk assessments
• all available control technologies and their costs
• elaborate, mathematical models and real-life case studies

Assessment and Control of VOC Emissions from Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities is ideal as both a reference and a training text for regulatoryengineers, facility environmental managers, and anyone involved in atmospheric sciences. This field-guide and teaching text is invaluable to a wide cross-section of professionals, educators, and students in the chemical, petroleum, and environmental regulatory communities.

Assuming no previous knowledge, this second edition provides comprehensive coverage for a first course in hazardous waste management for civil, environmental engineers, and managers.The update includes material on the new USEPA revisions to the Solid and Hazardous Waste Regulations and the new e-Manifest Rule. It is written primarily for generators of hazardous waste with a primary emphasis on source reduction, waste minimization, reuse, and recycling before waste disposal. Numerous case studies from the field and clarification of regulations simplify this complex topic. The book provides guidance on how to determine the proper category of hazardous waste generators, with separate and distinct sets of requirements for the three different categories of generators, and gives basic supplemental guidance for transporters, storage, and disposal facilities. It covers proper completion of hazardous waste manifests and reports. The book explains record keeping, personnel training, and other requirements necessary to be in full compliance on inspections. A companion CD with regulatory forms, data is included. FEATURES: Provides numerous, field case studies and clarification of new regulations to simplify this complex topic. Includes material on the new USEPA revisions to the Solid and Hazardous Waste Regulations and the new e-Manifest Rule. Covers all the major government regulations from inception to current practice. Explains record keeping, personnel training, and requirements necessary for full compliance on inspections. Includes companion CD with regulatory forms, data. Selected Topics: Introductory history and overview of hazardous waste management laws, rules and regulations; a practical guide to complying with the regulations, including the identification of hazardous wastes; proper management of these wastes on-site; preparing generator annual reports, manifests, personnel safety training; hazardous waste management training for staff; proper record-keeping for future regulatory inspections.

Rehabilitation of Rivers Principles and Implementation Edited by Louise C. de Waal Division of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, UK Andrew R. G. Large Department of Geography, University of Newcastle, UK and P. Max Wade Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK River rehabilitation has become an issue at the top of the agenda for water authorities and river managers in many countries throughout the world. This challenging topic involves a wide range of themes, many of which are brought together in this volume. They concern planning strategy, implementation and project appraisal for a number of different types of river systems including upland, lowland and urban rivers. Topic areas addressed include hydrology, geomorphology, ecology and economics as, to be successful, rehabilitation of freshwaters must incorporate all of these subjects within a holistic framework. This volume covers a wide range of countries, provides comprehensive and integrated coverage of factors concerning river rehabilitation and encompasses policy, planning and implementation. As such, the text will have a lasting reference value and practical application. Rehabilitation of Rivers combines prescriptive, analytical and reviewing contributions, covering a wide range of case studies from Britain, continental Europe, the USA, Australia and Japan. It also examines strategic issues such as catchment planning and integrated application of ecology and engineering in river rehabilitation. This book will be an important text for all water authorities and river managers as well as hydrologists, geomorphologists, ecologists and nature conservationists.

The fundamentals of urban drainage and wastewater disposal are presented in this handbook and this new edition has been reworked to reflect new US technology, practices, and conditions. Chapters cover calculation of drainage systems; urban stormwater and combined sewer overflow management; general considerations of wastewater treatment; design and planning of treatment plants; industrial wastewater treatment and pretreatment; protection of receiving waters: discharge of wastewater into surface waters and self-purification of surface waters; conversion of SI units to English customary units; and information retrieval. An appendix of monographs for dimensioning of sewers is included.

Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Biological Treatment of Industrial Effluents provides extensive coverage of new developments, state-of-the-art technologies, and potential future trends in data-based scientific knowledge and advanced information on the role and application of environmental biotechnology and engineering in the treatment of industrial effluents. These treatment processes have been broadly classified under aerobic and anaerobic processes which determines the scope and level of pollutant removal. Chapters in this volume review the most recent developments and perspectives at different environmental cleanup operation scales.

Filters are used in most industries, especially the water, sewage, oil, gas, food and beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. The new edition of this established title is an all-encompassing practical account of standard filtration equipment and its applications. Completely revised and rewritten, it is an essential book for the engineer working in a plant situation-who requires guidance and information on what s available and whether it s suitable for the job. Co-published with the Institution of Chemical Engineers.
"Co-published with the Institution of Chemical Engineers."
*The leading practical engineering guide to filtration techniques, systems and their applications
*Meets the needs of all key sectors where filtration is a critical process, including chemical processing and manufacture, food, oil and gas, air-conditioning and water
*A comprehensive sourcebook and reference for plant engineers, process engineers, plant designers, filter media and filtration specialists and equipment specifiers"

Ever since mankind first appeared on Earth, people have confronted a variety of threats caused by global environmental changes and catastrophic natural disasters. In recent years, there has been a huge necessity to attempt the complementary co-evolution among technologies, urban management, and policy design by putting greater emphasis on local orientation while fully utilizing academic traditions of civil engineering, architecture, environmental engineering and disaster prevention research. This book seeks to meet the challenge of defining the new concept "human security engineering" via the implementation of such applicable technologies in Asian megacities.

The need for improved sanitation around the world is becoming a crisis, and the situation is particularly critical in urban and peri-urban areas in developing countries. Here the population is growing rapidly, and where sanitation is provided, the means to treat and dispose of waste safely is neglected, with huge environmental and public health consequences. Sanitation solutions are needed that are safe for the user and interlinked with other urban services which can treat waste as a resource. This book describes an attempt to create modern, multi-storey urban dwellings that incorporate ecological sanitation into their design, resulting in a clean living space, and deriving safe agricultural inputs from human organic waste. The book highlights the experience of implementing the Erdos Eco-Town Project in Inner Mongolia, China. This remains the largest urban project of urine-diversion dry toilets in the world, serving a population of approximately 3000 people in 4 5 story apartment buildings. The multi-story collection system also links to on-site grey water treatment, a composting center, underground urine tanks, and the agricultural reuse of nutrients. "The Challenges of Urban Ecological Sanitation" describes the technical design, daily operation and maintenance, costs and benefits compared to conventional systems, as well as the challenges in achieving acceptability with users. It includes technical information and illustrations, but also stresses the institutional structure needed to support this system and discusses its long-term sustainability."The Challenges of Urban Ecological Sanitation" should be read by engineers, policy makers, researchers and NGO staff working in the field of water supply and sanitation."

Halogenated-Organic Con- taining Waste

Most People in rural Africa do not have access to safe toilets and their health and well-being suffers as a consequence. There is an urgent need for the construction of simple, low-cost, affordable toilets that are easy to build and maintain. Toilets that make compost provides practical examples of toilets that, in addition to providing a safe sanitation option, also recycle the nutrients in excreta to produce compost. This compost is valued wherever wherever households have enough space to grow fruit and vegetables in their back gardens; the designs are suitable for regions where there is no high water table or prolonged wet season. This book provides detailed instructions for constructing a range of toilets from the simplest and most affordable to the more sophisticated ecological toilet.