This book is specifically concerned with pipes of rigid materials and provides some information on 'flexible' pipes that are available and on their behaviour and use as being of value to the engineer in making an initial choice.

This book benefits users, manufacturers and engineers by drawing together an overall view of the technology. It attempts to give the reader an appreciation of the extent to which slurry transport is presently employed, the theoretical basis for pipeline design, the practicalities of design and new developments.

In some important respects floodplain management and flood hazard research is different in Britain from that in other countries. This collection of papers from a conference provides some comparisons. It covers urban flooding, institutions and policy, land use policy, hazard response, and project appraisal and risk assessment.

FROM THE PREFACE
In the years since the first edition, I have continued to consider ways in which the texts could be improved. In this regard, I researched several topics including how people learn (learning styles, etc.), how the brain functions in storing and retrieving information, and the fundamentals of memory systems. Many of the changes incorporated in this second edition are a result of this research. The changes were field-tested during a three-year period in which I taught a water and wastewater mathematics course for Palomar Community College, San Marcos, California.
All the fundamental math concepts and skills needed for daily water/wastewater treatment plant operations.
This first volume, "Basic Math Concepts for Water and Wastewater Plant Operators," provides a thorough review of the necessary mathematical concepts and skills encountered in the daily operations of a water and wastewater treatment plant. Each chapter begins with a skills check to allow the student to determine whether or not a review of the topic is needed. Practice problems illustrate the concepts presented in each section.

The aim of this book is to present the potential benefits as well as the challenges of introducing a more formal economic regulatory process into the urban water sector arena in lower-income countries. There is a particular focus upon the impact this may have on the poorest, the informal, slum and shanty dwellers of the rapidly growing cities. Economic regulation, usually introduced in the context of private operation of monopoly water supply, can deliver objectivity and transparency in the price-setting process for public providers also. But this is not, as is commonly assumed, primarily to protect the customer from the provider; rather it is to allow the service provider to set something approaching cost-reflective tariffs. These charges, almost certainly higher than previously, perversely can benefit the poor who have been paying far more for informal access to any piped supplies. With the addition of a regulatory duty to achieve some form of adaptive Universal Service Obligation, economic regulation could contribute significantly to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in urban areas.The book describes and analyzes these issues through a consideration of ten country case studies. As a starting point, the current situation for the provision of water and sanitation services for the poorest through non-regulated public providers in India and Uganda is reviewed. Comparative chapters are then presented on Argentina, Ghana, Philippines, Bolivia, Jordan, Zambia and Indonesia, all with varying degrees of private sector involvement and regulation. Finally, the experiences of the two richest countries, Chile and England, are considered, investigating service to the poor inthese examples with the longest experience of economic regulation and the "most privatized" suppliers. In all cases there is a focus on the very necessary role of customer involvement in price-setting and service monitoring and on the role of alternative (private) service providers within the context of the need for least cost utility service provision to all.

Waste pickers in Dhaka make their living by selling recyclable items collected from dumped waste. Most are children living on the streets or in slums where they have little access to infrastructure, a low status in society and an uncertain future. This book is based on a period of fieldwork in Dhaka which explored their livelihoods using the DFID Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA). It presents much of the livelihood information gathered, and discusses the effectiveness of the SLA in this urban context. The book also raises a number of methodological issues relating to research with mostly illiterate, underprivileged children.

This comprehensive manual provides extensive information on the types of revetment available and provides guidance on the choice and design of these systems. With regard to natural and artificial watercourses information is included on revetments that incorporate some form of structural protection and revetments which combine this protection with vegetation to increase the environmental quality of the systems. Extensive use of photographs, flowcharts and diagrams allow the engineer to choose the most appropriate type of revetment and the most cost-effective design.

Advances in Soil and Water Conservation provides an in-depth, scholarly treatment of the most important developments and influences shaping soil and water conservation in the last 50 years. The book addresses the technological developments of erosion processes, methods for their control, policy and social forces shaping the research agenda, and future directions.
Topics covered include:
key governmental agencies and programs
research on processes of soil and water degradation
control practices and soil quality enhancement
conservation tillage
the connection between soil and water conservation and sustainable agriculture
effects of technology and social influences on soil and water conservation in this country
The historical foundation, the focus on key developments, the depth of treatment and thorough documentation, and the orientation to the future make Advances in Soil and Water Conservation a superlative resource for all persons in the field.

This work examines the different aspects of, and the issues surrounding, affordable water supply and sanitation. It examines both "software" aspects - people, communities, health, management and institutions - as well as technological considerations such as waste management. The book comprises over 40 papers presented at the 20th WEDC Conference held in Colombo, Sri Lanka in 1994. The material is drawn from countries in all parts of the world. The Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC), based at Loughborough University of Technology, is concerned with education, training, research and consultancy for the planning, provision and management of physical infrastructure for development in low- and middle-income countries.

Originating from their work at Cambridge University on the design of energy efficient homes in Northern Europe, the authors consider the site constructions, building designs, available renewable energy sources, and servicing systems in different types of low energy houses.

In this book the application of the boundary element method to the solution of the Laplace equation is examined. This equation is of fundamental importance in engineering and science as it describes different types of phenomena, inclu- ding the groundwater flow applications highlighted in this book. Special subjects such as numerical integration, subdi- visionof the domain into regions and other computational aspects are discussed in detail in the first chapters. To demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the boundary ele- ment method, results obtained when solving the Laplace equa- tion have been compared against known analytical solutions. Other chapters deal with problems such as steady and unstea- dy flow in addition to infiltration problems. The applica- tions demonstrate that the boundary element method provides a powerful solution technique which can be effectively ap- plied to solve this type of problem.

Conventional methods for designing water systems in industrialized countries are not appropriate in developing countries. Despite this, the use of sophisticated technologies worldwide is widespread, although in many cases it is inappropriate. There is a lack of information for those wishing to learn and apply many of the practices which are suitable for the developing world, and which can be easily operated and maintained; this book is designed to fill that gap.;Now available again in print, this book is addressed to planners and engineers responsible for the design of water treatment plants to be built in Africa, Asia and Latin America. In particular, it is intended for small or isolated communities which may need to employ technologies which do not depend on capital-intensive mechanization and instrumentation. Many of the technologies identified in this text minimize the need for support technologies and highly skilled technicians, and some are experimental.

This book provides the basic knowledge in sample collection, field and laboratory quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC), sample custody, regulations and standards of environmental pollutants. The text covers sample collection, preservation, handling, detailed field activities, and sample custody.
It provides an overview of the occurrence, source, and fate of toxic pollutants, as well as their control by regulations and standards. Environmental Sampling and Analysis for Technicians is an excellent introductory text for laboratory training classes, namely those teaching inorganic nonmetals, metals, and trace organic pollutants and their detection in environmental samples.

Intended for professionals, administrators or engineers, project managers or policymakers and trainers or workers in the field of health, water and sanitation, this book brings together a series of short and illustrated introductions to the main technologies and processes in the field of village and community level water and sanitation. Developed and tested over the years, the 32 "appropriate technologies" described here range from household water storage to public standposts, from making soap to eye and skin diseases.;Each short brief concludes with an indication of where to go for more information, and Professor John Pickford sets the scene for the programme and project workers who will find this "ideas tank" invaluable.;Originally published individually in "Waterlines", a magazine devoted to low-cost water and sanitation, this consolidated publication brings together a body of practical information and guidance which appropriately marks the end of the "Water Decade" and the start of the "Health for All by 2000" campaign.

These proceedings of the International Workshop of Fluvial Hydraulics of Mountain Region (Trent, October 1989) can be regarded as the state-of-the-art on water flow and sediment transport in mountain rivers. The focus is on: - Hydrodynamics of steep rivers; - Sediment movement and sediment control; - Particular features on sediment transport relevant to non-uniform grain-size.

What is Computational Hydraulics? Computational hydraulics is one of the many fields of science in which the application of computers gives rise to a new way of working, which is intermediate between purely theoretical and experimental. It is concerned with simulation ofthe flow of water, together with its consequences, using numerical methods on com puters. There is not a great deal of difference with computational hydrodynamics or computational fluid dynamics, but these terms are too much restricted to the fluid as such. It seems to be typical of practical problems in hydraulics that they are rarely directed to the flow by itself, but rather to some consequence of it, such as forces on obstacles, transport of heat, sedimentation of a channel or decay of a pollutant. All these subjects require very similar numerical methods and this is why they are treated together in this book. Therefore, I have preferred to use the term computational hydraulics. Accordingly, I have attempted to show the wide field of application by giving examples of a great variety of such practical problems. Purpose of the Book It is getting a normal situation that an engineer is required to solve some engineering problem involving fluid flow, using standard and general-purpose computer programs available in many organizations. In many instances, the software has been designed with the claim that no numerical or computer-science expertise is needed in using them."

Rapid growth in water requirements makes it necessary to increase the amount of water drawn from rivers. The dams necessary for capturing river water have to be built to resist damage when large floods occur, and an idea of the possible destructive power of floods is given by the front photograph. The need for protection results in thick sill structures fitted with gates, and "upstream" and "downstream" cut-off walls. Sediment transported by rivers settles forming deposits behind dams, where flow velocities decrease. On the other hand, where flow velocities are high through hydraulic machinery (pums and turbines) fed from the dam, it can be necessary to remove even fine sand from the water, and also to remove floating debris. Various hydro-mechanical installations (including gates and screens) are introduced into the flow circuits to deal with sediment and debris problems.
Many emperical solutions to definition of very important details complement standard design procedures. Understanding of their use is facilitated by numerous illustrations.

The book guides specialists and non-specialists from around the world on how or whether anaerobic processes can be part of solutions for the management of municipal and industrial solid, semi-solid, and liquid residues. The simple self-learning presentation style is designed to encourage deep understanding of the process principles, plant types and system configurations, performance capabilities, operational and maintenance requirements, post-treatment needs, and management options for coproducts without complex biochemical terminologies and equations. It describes key aerobic biological treatment processes used in conjunction with anaerobic biological treatment in feedstock pre-treatment and in post-treatment of by-products. Practical pre-treatment processes, techniques and operations are described alongside additional treatment techniques of biogas, digestates and treated effluents for various end use options. Effective applications in developing countries are also considered, enabling practitioners and plant operators to effectively apply technology in temperate and warm climatic conditions.

Poland, like other post-communist countries, is undergoing a transformation into a capitalist system. This transformation affects the country in many ways: economic, social, psychological and also ecological. Ecological problems are strongly connected with the political, economic and psychological inheritance of the past, as well as with changes in the post-communist society. In order to understand these problems, it is necessary to consider the following issues: - the geographic situation of Poland - the political transformations that occurred after World War II - forced development of heavy industry combined with neglect of its effects on the environment, and - the economic problems The three main goals of Environmental Engineering V are (I) to assess the state of scientific research in various areas of environmental engineering. (II) to evaluate organizational, technical and technological progress in contributing to ecological security, and (III) to determine the place of environmental engineering in sustainable development, taking into account political and economic conditions. Environmental Engineering V is of interest for academics, engineers and professionals involved in environmental engineering, seeking solutions for environmental problems in emerging new democracies, especially those who plan to participate in numerous projects sponsored by the European Union.

This book covers the fundamentals of environmental engineering and applications in water quality, air quality, and hazardous waste management. It begins by describing the fundamental principles that serve as the foundation of the entire field of environmental engineering. Readers are then systematically reintroduced to these fundamentals in a manner that is tailored to the needs of environmental engineers, and that is not too closely tied to any specific application.

Flooding in urbanized areas has become a very important issue around the world. The level of service (or performance) of urban drainage systems (UDS) degrades in time for a number of reasons. In order to maintain an acceptable performance of UDS, early rehabilitation plans must be developed and implemented. In developing countries the situation is serious, little investment is done and there are smaller funds each year for rehabilitation. The allocation of such funds must be "optimal" in providing value for money. However this task is not easy to achieve due to the multicriteria nature of the rehabilitation process, taking into account technical, environmental and social interests. Most of the time these are conflicting, which make it a highly demanding task. This book introduces a framework to deal with multicriteria decision making for the rehabilitation of urban drainage systems, and focuses on several aspects such as the improvement of the performance of the multicriteria optimization through the inclusion of new features in the algorithms and the proper selection of performance criteria. The use of Genetic Algorithms, parallelization and application in countries like Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela are treated in this book.

This book is based on a public-health approach to the provision of water and sanitation in emergencies: an approach that is information-based and people-based. It emphasizes the need for a coordinated and phased response, which adapts to meet constantly changing needs. Two kinds of reader will find it useful: non-technical managers of disaster-relief programmes, who need to understand how water supply and sanitation works; and technicians and engineers, who need to see their work in a broader context and make decisions based on principles of equity and participation. Topics include site-selection, disposal of excreta and solid waste, drainage, and hygiene promotion. The text draws on Oxfam's years of practical experience in this field, and on the recommendations of the Sphere Project on Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response.

This study, conducted in Kenya, gives the first insight into the performance of a constructed treatment wetland receiving pulp and paper mill wastewater in the tropics.

The wetland effectively removed organic matter, suspended solids, phenols and nutrients. BOD and phenols reduction rates are reported for the first time. Design parameters and guidelines for the set-up and maintenance of a full-scale wetland are recommended. The study concludes that integrating a full-scale wetland, as a tertiary stage with the existing treatment ponds would significantly improve the quality of water in River Nzoia downstream of the effluent discharge.

This is a valuable resource book for scientists, managers and students in the field of wetland ecology, water and environmental management.

Hydrodynamics and Transport for Water Quality Modeling presents a complete overview of current methods used to describe or predict transport in aquatic systems, with special emphasis on water quality modeling. The book features detailed descriptions of each method, supported by sample applications and case studies drawn from the authors' years of experience in the field. Each chapter examines a variety of modeling approaches, from simple to complex. This unique text/reference offers a wealth of information previously unavailable from a single source.

The book begins with an overview of basic principles, and an introduction to the measurement and analysis of flow. The following section focuses on rivers and streams, including model complexity and data requirements, methods for estimating mixing, hydrologic routing methods, and unsteady flow modeling. The third section considers lakes and reservoirs, and discusses stratification and temperature modeling, mixing methods, reservoir routing and water balances, and dynamic modeling using one-, two-, and three-dimensional models. The book concludes with a section on estuaries, containing topics such as origins and classification, tides, mixing methods, tidally averaged estuary models, and dynamic modeling. Over 250 figures support the text.

This is a valuable guide for students and practicing modelers who do not have extensive backgrounds in fluid dynamics.

The Second Edition of the Practical Hydraulics Handbook is a must for all those who work with water utility systems. Presented in workbook format and emphasizing practical applications, this Handbook is perfect for hydraulic engineers, technicians, operating personnel, supervisors, managers, consultants, and students.
The exceptionally well-organized chapters include information on pressurized systems and open channel flow, principles of energy and force, flow calculations and measurement, pumps, and pumping applications.
This latest edition of the Practical Hydraulics Handbook includes new exercises at the end of each chapter and detailed solutions to selected exercises. The well-chosen exercises allow readers to practice applications of the theory and to test their knowledge of the material. The solutions provide guidance and problem-solving techniques that can be used both in the field and in the lab. Reference tables are also provided for calculations of friction loss, velocity, pipe fullness, well drawdown, English/metric conversions, power, and metered flow. These tables make calculations easier and minimize the chance for error.
In this new edition of Practical Hydraulics Handbook, all of the major principles and calculations dealing with the hydraulics of water systems are covered, and new and expanded material has been added.