Fourteen years since its establishment,the work of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights has not received the attention that should have been paid to its important contributions towards the promotion and protection of human rights in Africa. The aim of this publication is to provide not only the basic documents, but also the less well known material related to the jurisprudence emanating from the consideration of communications. This volume therefore includes, amongst other material, the twelve activity reports adopted by the Commission, resolutions, and final communiques from the sessions. This is the first attempt to reproduce comprehensively the many documents of the Commission adopted since its inception in 1987. It will be an essential reference for academics, students, and practitioners. The publication is produced in collaboration with the African Society for International and Comparative Law, the Centre for Human Rights at the University of Pretoria and Interights in London.

This new edition of a classic text, comprehensively revised throughout, appraises the emerging challenges to the centrality of the nation-state international system, such as humanitarianism, environmentalism, new international legal standards, and concepts such as civil society and globalism. As inter-governmental and international non-governmental activities are increasingly being blended, for example in the area of peace-keeping, this poses a challenge to the sanctity of the territorial state as the primary political unit. Similarly, technological and social changes such as the emergence of the Internet, encourages borderless activities (both legal and illegal) by non-state actors. This book provides the basis for students to consider a thorough rethinking of our international system and its prospects for the future in the face of these fundamental and unprecedented developments.

While the book as a whole is built around the unifying theme of the management of cooperation, illustrative cases enhance the individual chapters and provide the basis for comparative analysis and discussion. These take the reader through the tangled webs of international cooperation in such areas as the European Union, NATO, humanitarian intervention, arms control, transnational criminal organizations, and global environmental issues. Discussion questions at the end of each chapter add to the usefulness of this text for students.

Step-by-step guidance, insider tips, and all the tools you need to create budgets and financial plans that win grants

Grants are a major source of funding in the nonprofit sector, and nonprofits invest considerable time, effort, and resources into obtaining them. A key aspect of any successful grant application initiative is budgeting and financial planning. A well-crafted budget, clearly delineating when, where, and how grant moneys will be applied, goes a long way toward selling a grantor on an applicant’s vision. Unfortunately, many nonprofit professionals lack the know-how required to create budgets that instill grantors with confidence. This book fills that much-needed gap. Authors James Aaron Quick and Cheryl Carter New walk you through the entire budgeting process, providing invaluable insider tips, guidelines, and rules of thumb. More importantly, they provide you with indispensable guidance including a complete, step-by-step budgeting system, with each step fully documented and accompanied by an arsenal of powerful tools, plus much more to help you transform your organization’s vision–and mission–into reality.

As school districts struggle with decentralized management, the need to coordinate grant proposal development has grown dramatically. This indispensable resource contains all the practical tools that districts need to manage cross-curricular proposals for all their schools. It describes the key elements of a successful grants system, explains the legal, ethical, and financial requirements of grantseeking programs, and offers worksheets and checklists to help organize every aspect of grants promotion and administration. Grants expert David Bauer shares sound advice and such important instruments as:

• A planning matrix for refining goals and objectives
• A systems analysis spreadsheet for reviewing budget and staff resources
• A step-by-step outline for developing a grants procedure manual

  This comprehensive guide also shows how to provide grantseekers with computer-based research tools. Timely and practical, Successful Grants Program Management focuses on the district's role in winning corporate, federal, and foundation grants.

Upton examines the U.S. policy process toward the five multilateral development banks-the World Bank Group, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the African Development Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development-as a case study in how the United States manages its participation in multilateral institutions. The management of the U.S. role in these institutions is significant primarily because these institutions play an increasingly important role in the U.S. relationship with the developing world and because, for the most part, they are mature institutions being called upon to adapt their roles and operating styles to new financial and political realities.

After examining the evolving role of the MDBs from the U.S. perspective, Upon describes the U.S. policy process toward the banks and assesses its strengths and weaknesses. She then sets out recommendations for improving the process and looks at the broader, more general lessons for U.S. policy formulation on multilateral institutions. An important assessment for scholars, researchers, and policy makers involved with international relations and economic policy.

Internationale Organisationen sind zentraler Bestandteil internationalen Regierens. Dieses Buch fuhrt in die theoriegeleitete Analyse der Entstehung, Struktur und Funktionsweise internationaler Organisationen ein. Studierende der Politikwissenschaft erhalten einen analytischen und theoretischen Handwerkskasten fur Organisationsanalysen. Fallstudien aus den Politikfeldern Sicherheit, Wirtschaft, Handel, Finanzen und Umwelt veranschaulichen theoriegeleitete empirische Analyse in der Anwendung und vermitteln Studierenden Kompetenzen fur die Durchfuhrung eigener Studien.

Smart teachers know that increased school budgets and taxes do not always lead to better educational programs and services. Classrooms are often the last to receive any additional funding. As classroom leaders and innovators, teachers are increasingly seeking grants to help finance classroom improvements or school reform mandates. The process of winning grants, however, is a time-consuming and competitive venture. The challenge is even greater when teachers do not have their own grantseeking processes in place.

This step-by-step primer takes the guesswork out of grantseeking. It shows teachers how to select the right funding sources, organize proposal ideas, write a convincing and well-prepared proposal, identify who will evaluate the proposal and the scoring system they will use, and efficiently implement the proposal when the grant funds are won. Based on time-proven techniques and useful strategies, The Teacher's Guide to Winning Grants reveals how teachers can obtain the inside information they need to increase their chances of grant success. With this knowledge, teachers can develop effective grantseeking methods that will enable them to secure funds and move their schools in the direction they want.

'An invaluable survey of the origins and development of the European Parliament, and of its uncertain role in narrowing the gap between European institutions and voters. Julie Smith traces the rising influence of the European Parliament over EU policy-making in the 20 years since it was first elected, the extension if its authority through successive Inter-governmental Conferences, and the ambiguities which nevertheless persist over its legitimacy as representing 'the people' in its dialogue with the Commission and Council.' WILLIAM WALLACE 'Julie Smith places the fifth direct elections to the European Parliament in the broader context of the EU's development. She examines the arguments and debates which surrounded the creation and evolution of a unique institution, considers the effects which direct elections have had - not always those expected - and the growing relations between EP political groups and national parties. She argues that national politicians should more openly acknowledge the shift in the balance of powers which European integration has caused.' MARTIN WESTLAKE This title is published in conjunction with UACES, the University Association for Contemporary European Studies. UACES web site can be found at www.uaces.org>

The fiftieth anniversary of the long entanglement between the United States and NATO is an appropriate occasion to reflect. One of the few NATO studies to concentrate on the history of the alliance, particularly the relationship between its senior partner and its European allies, this study examines critical issues in depth, to uncover the ability of the allies to surmount their internal divisions and to confront their Soviet adversary. While NATO archives are still not fully open, the use of declassified documents from the National Archives and the presidential libraries are of invaluable assistance in considering the historical role of America in the alliance, and the continuing relevance of the organization in U.S. foreign policy.

The twelve chapters of this book, provide analyses of important issues in the organization's history, and are connected by brief contexual narratives. The resulting picture depicts a fifty-year history in which the difficulties in arriving at a consensus among the fifteen allies, each understandably concerned with its own national interests, rival those of the alliance in dealing with the Communist threat. The implosion of the Soviet empire in the early 1990s left the organization in search of new reasons for its own existence. While centrifugal forces are arguably greater today than they were during the Cold War, none of the allies seeks to terminate this long entanglement.

Today's public and private schools can no longer rely on traditional sources of funding to fulfill their educational goals. Although grants have become increasingly popular alternatives for financial support, principals and their staff must face stiff competition for these limited sources. This practical, step-by-step guide is for principals who want to improve their chances of winning grants for their schools.

As administrative leaders, principals are in a pivotal position to motivate teachers, parents, and volunteers in the grantseeking process. This guide provides principals with techniques for mobilizing school staff, coordinating community support, developing winning proposals, constructing realistic plans and budgets, and successfully implementing those grants that have been awarded. David Bauer is not only an educator and former administrator but a noted expert in grantseeking and fund-raising. He draws from his extensive experience to share useful strategies as well as resources, including worksheets, forms, sample proposal formats, and checklists to measure progress. The grants marketplace can be a tremAndous resource for schools who know their way around. This guide helps empower schools and their leaders in resolving their funding problems.

"Arguments advanced by the various authors in this book bring into sharp relief many of the questions that will continue to be posed as we enter the twenty-first century, and they offer a valuable framework for policy debates among lawyers, politicians, military strategists, and the new breed of conflict resolution experts." Hurst Hannum, Tufts University"Under David Wippman's able editorship, this book is a useful work that constitutes a significant contribution to scholarship in the field of international law and ethnic conflict." Richard B. Bilder, University of WisconsinThe breakup of the former Yugoslavia demonstrates the limitations of international law in the face of ethnic conflict. The contributors to this book examine the various roles international law and international institutions play in dealing with ethnic conflict. International Law and Ethnic Conflict first covers general philosophical, historical, and cultural issues arising from attempts to apply international law to ethnic conflict. The authors assess the legitimacy of demands based on group identity, the legal rights of ethnic groups, the validity of various entitlement claims, and the meaning of statehood. They then consider the institutional and policy responses of international organizations and states in their attempts to deal with ethnic conflict and analyze the extent to which various forms of intervention prove successful."

Countless editorials have addressed the if, how, why, when, and who dimensions of NATO enlargement. These issues will continue to generate debate despite the Madrid summit decisions and will invariably influence legislators in discharging their historic responsibility to provide advice and consent to ratification of the protocols of accession before April 1999. Congressman Solomon's volume will help place these issues in perspective, answer the skeptics of enlargement, and provide the missing historical context for the profound geopolitical challenge of European security on the cusp of the 21st century.

He begins by reviewing NATO's initial response, from 1989 to 1990, to the collapse of the Warsaw Pact. The early moves from outreach toward enlargement are then explored, and then he examines how NATO sought to combine the two strands of prospective enlargement while engaging nations not seeking NATO membership, especially Russia, to prepare for coalition operations and the spread of democratic security values. Next he analyzes how the Partnership for Peace concept eventually progressed toward the decisions to invite the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland to join the alliance by 1999. Important reading for scholars, policymakers, and citizens concerned with current strategic and international relations issues.

In response to recent books attacking the contemporary university and blaming educators for a decline in American culture, the author argues that the opening up of American education and of a changing society are inextricably linked.

Victor Israelyan was a senior ambassador in the Soviet Foreign Ministry when the armies of Egypt and Syria invaded Israeli-occupied territory on October 6, 1973. Critical to the outcome of this conflict were the Soviet Union and the United States, whose diplomatic maneuverings behind the scenes eventually ended what came to be known as the Yom Kippur War. During the crisis, however, tensions between the superpowers nearly escalated into nuclear war. Israelyan is the first Soviet official to give us a firsthand account of what actually happened inside the Kremlin during these three important weeks in 1973.

Israelyan's account is a fascinating mixture of memoir, anecdotes, and historical reporting. As a member of Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko's staff, he was assigned to a four-man task force that attended the many Politburo meetings held during the war. The job of this task force was to take notes and prepare drafts of letters and other documents for the Politburo. In remarkable detail, made possible by his sharp memory and the notes and documents he saved, Israelyan chronicles the day-by-day activities of Kremlin leaders as they confronted the crisis. For the first time we can see how the cumbersome Soviet policy-making mechanism, headed by the Politburo, functioned in a tense international situation. We see how the actions of Henry Kissinger, Anwar Sadat, Hafiz al-Assad, and other participants in the crisis were interpreted in Moscow. From his own experience Israelyan gives us intimate portraits of top Soviet officials including Brezhnev, Gromyko, and Andropov. His access to important documents--including letters from Richard Nixon to Leonid Brezhnev, never officially released in the U.S.--provide a much-needed corrective to assertions made by Kissinger, Nixon, and Sadat about the war.

Supplemented by rare photographs and interviews with other Soviet officials, Inside the Kremlin During the Yom Kippur War is more than a record of the past. Israelyan offers a unique vantage point on the continuing Middle East conflict, and his candid assessment of the mindset of Russian leaders is instructive for understanding how the present leadership of Russia faces its new role in the post-Cold War world.

Dieses Lehrbuch beschaftigt sich mit der fortschreitenden globalen Entgrenzung von Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, die erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Arbeitsmarkte, die internationale Arbeitsteilung, die soziale Sicherung und auf die Einkommensverteilung hat. Politisch lasst sie die souverane Gestaltungsfahigkeit von Nationalstaaten erodieren, gesellschaftlich beschwoert sie das Gespenst einer zunehmenden globalen Einheitskultur herauf. Vor dem Hintergrund der empirischen Effekte von Globalisierungsvorgangen in einer Reihe von Bereichen stellt das Buch dar, inwieweit diese Befurchtungen berechtigt sind, sich nicht auch durch andere Entwicklungen erklaren lassen und ob die Nutzen von Globalisierung die aus ihr resultierenden Kosten und Risiken rechtfertigen. Zusatzliche Fragen per App: Laden Sie die Springer Nature Flashcards-App kostenlos herunter, um Ihr Wissen zu prufen.

Can environmental institutions be effective at bringing about a healthier environment? How? Institutions for the Earth takes a close look at the factors influencing organized responses to seven international environmental problems - oil pollution from tankers, acid rain in Europe, stratospheric ozone depletion, pollution of the North Sea and Baltic, mismanagement of fisheries, overpopulation, and misuses of farm chemicals to determine the roles that environmental institutions have played in attempting to solve them. Through rigorous, systematic comparison, it reveals common patterns that can lead to improvements in the collective management of these problems and suggests ways in which international institutions can further the case of environmental protection.The contributors identify three major functions performed by effective international environmental institutions: building national capacity, improving the contractual environment, and elevating governmental concern. The international organizations analyzed within this framework include the United Nations Environment Program, the Intergovernmental Maritime Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization, numerous fisheries commissions, the Commission for Europe, theOslo and Paris Commissions, the Helsinki Commission, and the United Nations Fund for Population Assistance.Peter M. Haas is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Robert 0. Keohane is Stanfield Professor of International Peace at Harvard University. Marc A. Levy is Assistant Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Associate at Harvard's Center for International Affairs.

This dispassionate analysis of the legal implications of non-international armed conflicts explores the rules regulating the conduct of internal hostilities, as well as the consequences of intervention by foreign States, the role of the UN Security Council, the effects of recognition, State responsibility for wrongdoing by both Governments and insurgents, the interface with the law of human rights and the notion of war crimes. The author addresses both conceptual and specific issues, such as the complexities of 'failing' States or the recruitment and use of child soldiers. He makes use of the extensive case law of international courts and tribunals, in order to identify and set out customary international law. Much attention is also given to the contents of available treaty texts. This new updated edition takes into account the latest events in terms of the practice of States, judicial pronouncements and UN Security Council resolutions.

In diesem Buch wird untersucht, warum Staaten die Norm zum Verbot von Zwangsarbeit nicht oder nur unzureichend verwirklichen. Weltweit arbeiten 16 Millionen Menschen in privatwirtschaftlichen Zwangsarbeitsverhaltnissen. Diese anhaltend hohe Zahl legt die Vermutung nahe, dass die Nichteinhaltung relevanter Instrumente der Internationalen Arbeitsorganisation (ILO) verbreitet und teilweise schwerwiegend ist. Empirisch befasst sich die Analyse mit dem internationalen Arbeitsrechtsregime der ILO, der globalen politischen OEkonomie von Zwangsarbeit und normativer Lokalisierungsprozesse. Die Autorin untersucht dafur transnationale Arbeitsmarkte im Kontext globaler Unternehmensstrategien (Offshoring, Outsourcing) und globaler (Im)mobilitaten (Migration, Investitionen und die dazugehoerigen Raumpolitiken). Diese sind fur die Region Zentralasien detailliert herausgearbeitet. Es koennen drei Grunde fur die Nichtverwirklichung des Zwangsarbeitsverbots identifiziert werden: fehlerhafte UEbersetzung normativer Gehalte in Gesetzestexte, Normkonkurrenzen und Normkoproduktionen. Diese Variablen entfalten Wirkung uber Verantwortungskontestationen und Ressourcenallokationen des ILO-Arbeitsrechtsregimes.

Two decades of steady progress have transformed ASEAN into a permanent component of world politics and a model for Third World cooperation. Its study should now be mandatory. The Palmer-Reckford volume provides an excellent introduction to ASEAN member states and the organization itself. It reviews problems and promises meticulously and comprehensively and should become required reading. Hans H. Indorf, President, Asian Affairs Analysts In this comprehensive new volume, the authors trace the history of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) from its formation in 1967 to the present day. They discuss political, economics, and security issues involving each of the member countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, the Philippines, and Brunei). The authors focus on the ASEAN's efforts to promote regional cooperation in the face of the divisive economic, strategic, and diplomatic interests. ASEAN policy towards Indochina, is discussed in depth, as are efforts to create cooperative economic ventures. Their conclusion maintains that the success of ASEAN is due largely to the individual achievements of member nations rather than to ASEAN as an institution. Finally, they make a number of recommendations for improving ASEAN's effectiveness.

In this work, Amrita Narlikar argues that, contrary to common assumption, modern-day politics displays a surprising paradox: poverty - and the powerlessness with which it is associated - has emerged as a political tool and a formidable weapon in international negotiation. The success of poverty narratives, however, means that their use has not been limited to the neediest. Focusing on behaviours and outcomes in a particularly polarising area of bargaining - international trade - and illustrating wider applications of the argument, Narlikar shows how these narratives have been effectively used. Yet, she also sheds light on how indiscriminate overuse and misuse increasingly run the risk of adverse consequences for the system at large, and devastating repercussions for the weakest members of society. Narlikar advances a theory of agency and empowerment by focusing on the life-cycles of narratives, and concludes by offering policy-relevant insights on how to construct winning and sustainable narratives.

Our understanding of civil war is shot through with the spectre of quagmire, a situation that traps belligerents, compounding and entrenching war's dangers. Despite the subject's importance, its causes are obscure. A pervasive 'folk' notion that quagmire is intrinsic to certain countries or wars has foreclosed inquiry, and scholarship has failed to identify quagmire as an object of study in its own right. Schulhofer-Wohl provides the first treatment of quagmire in civil war. In a rigorous but accessible analysis, he explains how quagmire can emerge from domestic-international interactions and strategic choices. To support the argument, Schulhofer-Wohl draws upon field research on Lebanon's sixteen-year civil war, structured comparisons with civil wars in Chad and Yemen, and rigorous statistical analyses of all civil wars worldwide fought between 1944 and 2006. The results make clear that the 'folk' notion misdiagnoses quagmire and demand that we revisit policies that rest upon it. Schulhofer-Wohl demonstrates that quagmire is made, not found.

This Handbook aims to provide practical guidance on good treaty practice. It presents a range of examples from the practice of several States and international organisations and explains the actions that need to be taken to create a new treaty, bring it into force, operate it, amend it and wind it up, on both the international and the domestic plane. It also explores what constitutes good treaty practice, and develops generic principles or criteria against which to evaluate these examples. It provides a useful analytical tool to enable each government and international organisation to identify and develop the best treaty practice for their circumstances, recognising that one size does not necessarily fit all. It will be of interest to those working with treaties and treaty procedures in governments, international organisations and legal practice, as well as legal academics and students wishing to gain insight into the realities of treaty practice.

This book queries, through the prism of the Convention for the Protection and the Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (the Convention), the ways in which the processes and substance of international law-making have shifted in response to new technologies and new actors. The essays, written by recognised experts in the field, engage deeply with the practice under the Convention. The 4 parts examine: the rise of new actors and their impact on the Convention's law-making and implementation; the specific implementation of Article 21; the role of cultural communities in promoting diversity of cultural expressions; and the effectiveness and coherence of the Convention. Scholars and practitioners in the field of international law of culture and international cultural cooperation will welcome this fascinating new book.