Today there are over a billion vehicles in the world, and within twenty years, the number will double, largely a consequence of China's and India's explosive growth. Given that greenhouse gases are already creating havoc with our climate and that violent conflict in unstable oil-rich nations is on the rise, will matters only get worse? Or are there hopeful signs that effective, realistic solutions can be found?
Blending a concise history of cars and their impact on the world, leading transportation experts Daniel Sperling and Deborah Gordon explain how we arrived at this state, and what we can do about it. Sperling and Gordon assign blame squarely where it belongs-on the auto-industry, short-sighted government policies, and consumers. They explore such solutions as getting beyond the gas-guzzler monoculture, re-inventing cars, searching for low-carbon fuels, and more. Promising advances in both transportation technology and fuel efficiency together with shifts in traveler behavior, they suggest, offer us a way out of our predicament.
The authors conclude that the two places that have the most troublesome emissions problems--California and China--are the most likely to become world leaders on these issues. Arnold Schwarzenegger's enlightened embrace of eco-friendly fuel policies, which he discusses in the foreword, and China's forthright recognition that it needs far-reaching environmental and energy policies, suggest that if they can tackle the issue effectively and honestly, then there really is reason for hope. Updated with a new afterword that sheds light on the profound changes in the global economy in the last year, Two Billion Cars makes the case for why and how we need to transform transportation now more than ever.

"Authoritatively prescriptive."
--Tom Vanderbilt, Wilson Quarterly
"Provocative and pleasurable, far-seeing and refreshing, fact-based and yet a page-turner, global in scope but rooted in real places. The authors make a convincing case that smart consumers driving smart electric-drive cars can find the critical path to a safer planet."
--Robert Socolow, Princeton University
"In this insightful and persuasive book, Sperling and Gordon highlight one of the biggest environmental challenges of this century: two billion cars. They rightly contend that we cannot avert the worst of global warming without making our cars cleaner and petroleum-free. Luckily the authors also offer a roadmap for navigating this problem that is both visionary and achievable."
--Frances Beinecke, President, Natural Resources Defense Council

Recent legislation deregulating the airline and trucking industries has enhanced competition and reduced real transportation prices by putting pressure on firms to operate more efficiently. Yet, with the entry of many new small airlines and trucking firms facing the financial pressures of competition, many legislators fear that public safety will be reduced due to compromises in maintenance, equipment replacement, recruitment and training. This volume examines the theoretical and empirical issues involved in the debate on the relationship between safety and economic performance in the airline and trucking industries. Contributors discuss such factors as the role of government as provider of safety oversight personnel and airport and road space quality, and conclude that the government has not acted quickly enough to provide the additional safety resources to meet the changed needs of the two industries, though the evidence does not support the notion that deregulation has compromised safety.

In Routes of Compromise Michael K. Bess studies the social, economic, and political implications of road building and state formation in Mexico through a comparative analysis of Nuevo León and Veracruz from the 1920s to the 1950s. He examines how both foreign and domestic actors, working at local, national, and transnational levels, helped determine how Mexico would build and finance its roadways. While Veracruz offered a radical model for regional construction that empowered agrarian communities, national consensus would solidify around policies championed by Nuevo León’s political and commercial elites. Bess shows that no single political figure or central agency dominated the process of determining Mexico's road-building policies. Instead, provincial road-building efforts highlight the contingent nature of power and state formation in midcentury Mexico.  

Get a complete look into modern traffic engineering solutions Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is a newly revised text that builds upon the reputation as the go-to source of essential traffic engineering solutions that this book has maintained for the past 70 years. The updated content reflects changes in key industry standards, and shines a spotlight on the needs of all users, the design of context-sensitive roadways, and the development of more sustainable transportation solutions. Additionally, this resource features a new organizational structure that promotes a more functionally-driven, multimodal approach to planning, designing, and implementing transportation solutions. A branch of civil engineering, traffic engineering concerns the safe and efficient movement of people and goods along roadways. Traffic flow, road geometry, sidewalks, crosswalks, cycle facilities, shared lane markings, traffic signs, traffic lights, and more all of these elements must be considered when designing public and private sector transportation solutions. * Explore the fundamental concepts of traffic engineering as they relate to operation, design, and management * Access updated content that reflects changes in key industry-leading resources, such as the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), AASSHTO Policy on Geometric Design, Highway Safety Manual (HSM), and Americans with Disabilities Act * Understand the current state of the traffic engineering field * Leverage revised information that homes in on the key topics most relevant to traffic engineering in today's world, such as context-sensitive roadways and sustainable transportation solutions Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is an essential text for public and private sector transportation practitioners, transportation decision makers, public officials, and even upper-level undergraduate and graduate students who are studying transportation engineering.

City distribution plays a key role in supporting urban lifestyles helping to serve and retain industrial and trading activities, and contributing to the competitiveness of regional industry. Despite these positive effects, it also generates negative (economic, environmental and social) impacts on cities worldwide. Relatively little attention has been paid to these issues by researchers and policymakers until recently. The analyses found in City Distribution and Urban Freight Transport aim to improve knowledge in this important area by recognizing and evaluating the problems, with a focus on urban freight transport system. This book offers a thorough evaluation of city distribution and urban freight transport, highlighting the importance of developing methodologies that reflect and integrate stakeholder perceptions. Case studies demonstrate that knowledge and awareness in the area of urban freight transport is low, and that broadening knowledge in this area is integral to the innovation of new urban freight policies. The authors argue that the main challenge for researchers lies in developing methodologies that facilitate communication and cooperation between the different actors, citing that this can be achieved by defining either a common evaluation framework with quantitative indicators or an evaluation framework where the points of view have been explicitly modeled. This will be of interest to researchers, city planners and policymakers. Students and scholars of development, public policy, and urban studies will also find much of relevance in this important volume. Contributors: A. Comi, A. Costa, L. Dablanc, W. Debauche, V. Gatta, R. Gevaers, P. Hebes, C. Macharis, J. Maes, E. Marcucci, S. Melo, J. Menge, A. Nuzzolo, M. Percoco, H.J. Quak, A. Stathopoulos, C. Vaghi, E. Valeri, E. Van de Voorde, T. Vanelslander, E. Van Hoeck, T. van Lier, S. Verlinde, F. Witlox

This book revisits traditional evaluation methods, such as cost-benefit analysis, to try and find a balance between the ever-increasing demand for transport, the search for sustainable mobility and green transport solutions, and the limited financial resources that governments are able to invest in transport infrastructure projects. In this respect, the effects of transport policy need to be measured and evaluated based on multiple criteria and the need to take into consideration a larger group of stakeholders and investors in transport projects. The book illustrates, methodologically and empirically, why and how the institutional and multi-actor environment impacts upon the analysis, evaluation and decision-making of transport projects in Europe. Including contributions from scholars with considerable expertise in the field, this book will be of great interest to consultants, policymakers and researchers.

A comprehensive view of what buses can and cannot do, how we can make sure that they provide the maximum positive contribution to the functioning of a city while minimising the negative impacts, and how to design and implement a fully accessible, safe and sufficient bus system that is genuinely available to all members of society, irrespective of their capabilities. Drawing on the author's global experience, this new edition treats 21st century needs for urban transport in a holistic way, and enables the reader to consider the realities of modern cities to develop transport systems and policy based on sound thinking.

It is possible to eliminate death and serious injury from Canada's roads. In other jurisdictions, the European Union, centres in the United States, and at least one automotive company aim to achieve comparable results as early as 2020. In Canada, though, citizens must turn their thinking on its head and make road safety a national priority.

Since the motor vehicle first went into mass production, the driver has taken most of the blame for its failures. In a world where each person's safety is dependent on a system in which millions of drivers must drive perfectly over billions of hours behind the wheel, failure on a massive scale has been the result. When we neglect the central role of the motor vehicle as a dangerous consumer product, the result is one of the largest human-made means for physically assaulting human beings. It is time for Canadians to embrace internationally recognized ways of thinking and enter an era in which the motor vehicle by-product of human carnage is relegated to history.

"No Accident" examines problems related to road safety and makes recommendations for the way forward. Topics include types of drivers; human-related driving errors related to fatigue, speed, alcohol, and distraction and roads; pedestrians, cyclists, and public transit; road engineering; motor vehicle regulation; auto safety design; and collision-avoidance technologies such as radar and camera-based sensors on vehicles that prevent crashes. This multi-disciplinary study demystifies the world of road safety and provides a road map for the next twenty years. Includes a foreword by Ralph Nader.

Drive the streets of Nairobi and you are sure to see many matatus colorful minibuses that transport huge numbers of people around the city. Once ramshackle affairs held together with duct tape and wire, matatus today are name-brand vehicles maxed out with aftermarket detailing. They can be stately black or come in extravagant colors, sporting names, slogans, or entire tableaus, with airbrushed portraits of everyone from Kanye West to Barack Obama, of athletes, movie stars, or the most famous face of all: Jesus Christ. In this richly interdisciplinary book, Kenda Mutongi explores the history of the matatu from the 1960s to the present. As Mutongi shows, matatus offer a window onto many socioeconomic and political facets of late-twentieth-century Africa. In their diversity of idiosyncratic designs they express multiple and divergent aspects of Kenyan life including rapid urbanization, organized crime, entrepreneurship, social insecurity, the transition to democracy, chaos and congestion, popular culture, and many others at once embodying both Kenya's staggering social problems and the bright promises of its future. Offering a shining model of interdisciplinary analysis, Mutongi mixes historical, ethnographic, literary, linguistic, and economic approaches to tell the story of the matatu as a powerful expression of the entrepreneurial aesthetics of the postcolonial world.

Despite our best efforts, traffic injuries and fatalities continue to increase. Traditional solutions do not seem to fix the problem; perhaps we need to approach these problems in a new way. This collection attempts to expand thinking about traffic safety across a range of disciplines and seeks to open up the discussion.

Though road safety systems do exist at national and international levels, enhanced bilateral efforts are urgently required to improve global road safety. At the national level, some countries have a comprehensive and effectively functioning system, while others have only parts of the system or a less effectively functioning system. At the international level, UNECE has developed a set of conventions on road safety, including licensing of drivers, traffic rules, road signs/signals and markings, performance requirements for vehicle construction, vehicle road worthiness and inspection, carriage of dangerous goods and driving/rest periods. Still, a comprehensive overview of road safety systems and guide for improvement are needed. Drawing from established good practice, alongside experience from other modes of transport, including maritime transport and civil aviation, and in consideration of the special characteristics of road mobility, this publication recommends a national road safety system concept. With the inclusion of all necessary elements at the national and international levels, including regulatory support, it identifies gaps in current road safety systems and helps to prioritize effective improvement measures in a coordinated and integrated manner. Ultimately, this publication serves to engage the road safety community and improve road safety in the decade 2021-2030

Containing some of the most recent and original studies on parking regulation and management from different disciplines, this book offers rigorous analysis from top researchers with a clear intention to deliver policy implications and provide information to the public. The book is organized according to a variety of key topics. Among others, it covers the interaction of parking with other modes of transportation and its demand, its pricing and external effects, the role of information and digitalization, and the effects of regulation and its enforcement. Also, it includes the views of practitioners, who discuss present parking in cities and the future of its management. Written primarily for scholars interested in transportation, mobility, planning and urban affairs, this book is also directly relevant to practitioners and policymakers in government with responsibilities in mobility. Additionally, the book will be of interest to the private sector as it offers a practical link between rigorous academic analyses and the needs of practitioners.

The immense, global transportation and logistics sector is vital to businesses of all types. This carefully-researched book covers exciting trends in supply chain and logistics management, transportation, just in time delivery, warehousing, distribution, intermodal shipment systems, airlines, trains, marine transport, courier services, logistics services, purchasing and advanced technologies such as RFID. This reference tool includes thorough market analysis as well as our highly respected trends analysis. It contains thousands of contacts for business and industry leaders, industry associations, Internet sites and other resources. This book also includes statistical tables, an industry glossary and thorough indexes. The corporate profiles section of the book includes our proprietary, in-depth profiles of the 500 leading companies, worldwide, in all facets of the transportation and logistics industry, including private and public firms. Here you'll find complete profiles of the hot companies that are making news today, the largest, most successful corporations in the business. You'll find a complete overview, industry analysis and market research report in one superb, value-priced package.

Gas turbines play an extremely important role in fulfilling a variety of power needs and are mainly used for power generation and propulsion applications. The performance and efficiency of gas turbine engines are to a large extent dependent on turbine rotor inlet temperatures: typically, the hotter the better. In gas turbines, the combustion temperature and the fuel efficiency are limited by the heat transfer properties of the turbine blades. However, in pushing the limits of hot gas temperatures while preventing the melting of blade components in high-pressure turbines, the use of effective cooling technologies is critical. Increasing the turbine inlet temperature also increases heat transferred to the turbine blade, and it is possible that the operating temperature could reach far above permissible metal temperature. In such cases, insufficient cooling of turbine blades results in excessive thermal stress on the blades causing premature blade failure. This may bring hazards to the engine’s safe operation. Gas Turbine Blade Cooling, edited by Dr. Chaitanya D. Ghodke, offers 10 handpicked SAE International’s technical papers, which identify key aspects of turbine blade cooling and help readers understand how this process can improve the performance of turbine hardware.

This book analyzes Liberia's transport connectivity and identifies existing bottlenecks and possible growth potentials, using spatial techniques and data, including the first-ever georeferenced detailed road network data in Liberia.

How does public transport work in an African city under neoliberalism? Who owns what in it? Who has the power to influence its shape and changes in it over time? What does it mean to be a precarious and informal worker in the private minibuses that provide public transport in Dar es Salaam? These are the main questions that inform this in-depth case study of Dar es Salaam's public transport system over more than forty years. The growth of cities and informal economies are two central manifestations of globalization in the developing world. Taken for a Ride addresses both, drawing on long-term fieldwork in Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) and charting its public transport system's journey from public to private provision. This new addition to the Critical Frontiers of Theory, Research and Practice in International Development Studies series investigates this shift alongside the increasing deregulation of the sector and the resulting chaotic modality of public transport. It reviews state attempts to regain control over public transport and documents how informal wage relations prevailed in the sector. The changing political attitude of workers towards employers and the state is investigated: from an initial incapacity to respond to exploitation, to the political organisation and unionisation which won workers concessions on labour rights. A longitudinal study of workers throws light on patterns of occupational mobility in the sector, and the political and economic interests that shaped the introduction of Bus Rapid Transit in Dar es Salaam, and local resistance to it are analysed. Taken for a Ride reveals the political economy of public transport, exposing the limitations of market fundamentalist and post-colonial scholarship on economic informality, the urban experience in developing countries, and the failure to locate the agency of the urban poor within their economic and political structures. It is both a contribution and a call for the contextualised study of 'actually existing neoliberalism'.

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) use information and communications technologies (ICT) to deliver transport improvements instead of extending physical infrastructure, thereby saving money and reducing environmental impact. This book provides an overview of ICT-based intelligent road transport systems with an emphasis on evaluation methods and recent evaluation results of ITS development and deployment. Topics covered include: ITS evaluation policy; frameworks and methods for ITS evaluation; ITS impact evaluation; the network perspective; field operational tests (FOTs); assessing transport measures using cost-benefit and multicriteria analysis; technical assessment of the performance of in-vehicle systems; opportunities and challenges in the era of new pervasive technology; evaluation of automated driving functions; user-related evaluation of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) and automated driving; evaluation of traffic management; performance assessment of a wet weather pilot system; case studies from China; heavy vehicle overload control benefit and cost. With chapters from an international panel of leading experts, this book is essential reading for researchers and advanced students from academia, industry and government working in intelligent road transport systems.

Drovers hold an iconic place in the Australian national identity, owing to the courage and perseverance needed to transport cattle and sheep hundreds of kilometres through rural and outback areas. But what of the women and children who travelled with them? In this memoir, Patsy Kemp shares the highs and lows of growing up on the stock routes of New South Wales and Queensland in the 1950s and 1960s. While large families were common back then, it was unusual for a family of nine and a few workmen to live out of a small truck for months on end. She recounts the adventures she had during her ten years on the road, from riding a runaway sheep at the age of five to embarrassing tales of adolescence. Her story is full of warmth, honesty and humour, giving a unique voice to a neglected part of Australia's history.

A must-read for anyone interested in the future of the automobile industry, our cities, and the way we live. This book coins the term 'Mobility Revolution' and is a summary of the 'three zeroes' that are defining the future for the automobile industry: Zero Emissions, Zero Accidents and Zero Ownership. Electric, autonomous and shared vehicles are beginning to transform the way we live, work, and move about in our increasingly urban environment. The impact goes well beyond the automotive industry and its suppliers. Public transport, utilities, construction, logistics, financial services companies and even your local cafe will need to think and operate differently. The magnitude of the change is as significant as Gottlieb Daimler and Henry Ford's transformation of our cities 130 years ago, when cars replaced horses. Lukas Neckermann describes a revolution that is coming much sooner than we think. Based on countless interviews, 'The Mobility Revolution' is highly current and thoroughly researched, whilst also fun to read. It is an eye-opener to a new world that awaits us.

TransCanada (a Canadian company) applied to the U.S. Department of State for a permit to cross the U.S.-Canada International border with the Keystone XL pipeline project in 2008. If constructed, the pipeline would carry crude oil produced from the oil sands regions of Alberta, Canada, to U.S. Gulf Coast refineries. Because the pipeline would connect the United States with a foreign country, it requires a Presidential Permit issued by the State Department. Issuance of a Presidential Permit requires a finding that the project would serve the "national interest." This book describes the Keystone XL pipeline proposal and the process required for federal approval. It summarises key arguments for and against the pipeline put forth by the pipeline's developers, federal agencies, environmental groups, and other stakeholders. Also discussed is the constitutional basis for the State Department's authority to issue a Presidential Permit, and opponents' possible challenges to this authority.

Growing the UK auto supply chain is seen as an issue of the highest priority by the Automotive Council. This 'sourcing roadmap' provides and overview of current and prospective patterns in the UK automotive industry. It serves and the empirical grounding for determining and prioritising activities by the Automotive Council to retain and build supply chain capabilities in the UK automotive industry.

This paper describes the characteristics of public investment management (PIM) in seven EU countries as it applies to a single sector transport infrastructure. The report highlights some of the common challenges that four relatively new EU member states Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Latvia face as they plan and execute their transport infrastructure projects. It recognizes the importance that EU-mandated processes and procedures have in shaping national systems in the new member states (NMS), but the report finds that actual practices often fall short of EU goals due to capacity constraints, weak institutional structures, and other factors. The experiences of the NMS are compared with those of more developed economies (namely Spain, the UK, and Ireland) to assess whether the later countries have faced similar challenges in managing public investment, and if so, what measures they have adopted to overcome them. This comparative analysis serves to draw out several good practice examples that are relevant for all countries. How those practices are applied in each country is a matter for further study, as each country considers its own political culture and administrative tradition. This paper is a first step toward building dialogue among public finance practitioners in Central and Eastern Europe on how to make public investment projects more effective and efficient over the long term."

"Mathew, as a member of the Organizing Committee of the New York Taxi Workers Alliance, has a unique perspective on the plight of immigrant taxi drivers. . . . Mathew explores the history of New York's taxicab industry, which has been in a cycle of corruption and reform since the Depression. The book culminates in an essay on globalization, immigration, racism, and the false veneer of multiculturalism in neoliberal society." Booklist"Mathew describes the grim economics of driving the ubiquitous yellow cabs a job where most of the money goes to the cab company owners and where even minor problems, such as a few tickets or a short illness, can spell disaster for drivers." Financial Times"Jump aboard this fast-paced ride through the ins and outs of the taxi industry in New York City and sit up front with the 40,000 cabbies who are overworked, underpaid, and routinely harassed, but have come together to improve their lot. . . . Fasten your seatbelt, grip the dashboard, and enjoy the trip." Morning Star (U.K.)"Drivers' narratives in Taxi can be riveting, inspiring, and upsetting all at the same time. . . . Their tales penetrate deep into the exploitive nature of the taxi industry. . . . In describing precisely how a group of seemingly powerless immigrant workers flexed their muscles, Taxi critiques the labor movement and the broader movement for social justice." Left TurnDriving a cab has long attracted recent immigrants and others at the margins of the economy. In recent years, however, the working conditions and the nature of cab ownership have changed. As Biju Mathew reveals in this lively account of the benefits and hardships in the lives of today's taxi drivers, just about everything has changed dramatically except the yellow paint. At once a passionate declaration of worker solidarity and an ethnography of work, Taxi is a compelling narrative of the lives of immigrant taxi drivers in New York City. This updated edition covers the formation of the International Taxi Workers Alliance, the unusual collaboration with the Central Labor Council, and 2007 taxi strikes protesting New York City's plan requiring taxicabs to install costly global positioning systems and credit-card machines."

This third edition of Applied Transport Economics has been completely revised and updated to cover the latest developments and thinking in transport economics. Professor Stuart Cole examines the application of economics techniques first to commercial transport operations, and second to public policy issues such as investment, integrated transport and competition, and third to the role of transport in its wider economic context. The style and approach, which proved so popular in the first two editions has been retained. This approach provides a transport economics text book for a) managers who are not familiar with economics techniques, b) students preparing for examinations in transport and other areas of business and public policy where an applied approach to economics is required, and c) economists entering the transport field. Fully and extensively updated throughout, this third edition will contain: *new information on SE Asia and Eastern Europe *updated and extended case studies *a new bibliography; *an extended further reading section.

Most Americans view traffic congestion as the most serious environmental problem facing communities today. While overwhelming public sentiment has forced local governments to employ a variety of anticongestion strategies, it has been difficult to gauge their efficacy. Only one thing is certain: most residents of metropolitan areas believe that traffic congestion is getting worse, not better. anticongestion programmes. Drawing on a significant body of research from transportation experts and land-use planners, the book examines the advantages and disadvantages of various strategies, considers the causes of worsening traffic problems, weighs efforts to remedy or reduce their intensification, and identifies the most effective remedies. This edition contains wholly new chapters on the fundamental cause of congestion, how bad it is across the country, how much congestion is caused by accidents and other incidents, whether expanding public transport capacity can help overcome congestion, and the detailed dynamics of how congestion arises on major expressways each day. co-operation among localities. He also argues that building enough new roads to fully alleviate current peak-hour traffic congestion is too costly, and is already impossible in many of the world's largest metropolitan areas. He believes major expansion of public transportation - though possibly desirable to increase mobility - will not decrease congestion much. And he concludes that rationing roads would be unrealistic and ineffective. Since none of these possibilities is practical, Downs seeks to explore why traffic congestion has arisen in our society, why is it getting more intensive, and why it cannot be eliminated entirely.