Not long ago, projections of how office technologies would revolutionize the production of documents in a high-tech future carriedmany promises. The paper less office and the seamless and problem-free sharing of texts and other work materials among co-workers werejust around the corner, we were told. To anyone who has been involved in putting together a volume of the present kind, such forecasts will be met with considerable skepticism, if not outright distrust. The diskette, the email, the fax, the net, and all the other forms of communication that are now around are powerful assets, but they do not in any way reduce the flow of paper or the complexity of coordinating activities involved in producing an artifact such as a book. Instead, the reverse seems to be true. Obviously, the use of such tools requires considerable skill at the center of coordination, to borrow an expression from a chapter in this volume. As editors, we have been fortunate to have Ms. Lotta Strand, Linkoping University, at the center of the distributed activity that producing this volume has required over the last few years. With her considerable skill and patience, Ms. Strand and her work provide a powerful illustration of the main thrust of most of the chapters in this volume: Practice is a coordination of thinking and action, and many things had to be kept in mind during the production of this volume."

The perspectives and techniques used in human-computer interaction design, practice and research are broadening. This book looks at emerging approaches which are likely to contribute to the discipline in near future. The underlying idea is that human character rather than technology should determine the nature of interaction. The concept of "interaction design" covers this range of concerns relevant to enabling quality design. Each chapter emphasizes alternative perspectives on interaction and new concepts to help researchers and practitioners relate to alternative design approaches and opportunities.

This second volume provides a wider perspective, from both a scientific and geographic outlook. New topics, such as psychological design processes, gerotechnology, modelling, e-learning and subconscious experiences are discussed from a team of international authors.

This book will be of considerable value to those seeking innovative perspectives upon designing and ensuring effective interaction between humans and technology.

The setting for this book is the networked community. The treatment of the subject matter is broad and interdisciplinary, with contributions from computer science, sociology, design, human factors and communication technology. The chapter contributors, drawn from across Europe and North America, offer a varied

The IFIP series publishes state-of-the-art results in the sciences and technologies of information and communication Proceedings and post-proceedings of referred international conferences in computer science and interdisciplinary fields are featured. These results often precede journal publication and represent the most current research. The principal aim of the IFIP series is to encourage education and the dissemination and exchange of information about all aspects of computing.

This book begins with consideration of possible frameworks for understanding virtuality and virtualization. It includes papers that consider ways of analyzing virtual work in terms of work processes. It examines group processes within virtual teams, focusing in particular on leadership and group identity, as well as the role of knowledge in virtual settings and other implications of the role of fiction in structuring virtuality.

Amateur hour has arrived, and the audience is running the show! Silicon Valley insider and pundit Andrew Keen exposes the grave consequences of today's new digital media in this lively, readable and witty polemic, which reveals how an avalanche of amateur content is threatening our values, economy, and ultimately innovation and creativity itself. Highly topical, provocative and controversial - the counter-argument to "The Long Tail", "The Wisdom of Crowds" and the 'mad utopians' of Web 2.0, it is a wake-up call offering concrete solutions on how we can rein in this assault. Our most valued cultural institutions - our professional newspapers, magazines, music, and movies - are being overtaken by an avalanche of amateur, user-generated free content. In today's self-broadcasting culture, where amateurism is celebrated and anyone with an opinion, however ill-informed, can publish a blog, post a video on YouTube, or change an entry on Wikipedia, the distinction between trained expert and uninformed amateur becomes dangerously blurred. When anonymous bloggers and videographers, unconstrained by professional standards or editorial filters, can alter the public debate and manipulate public opinion, truth becomes a commodity to be bought, sold, packaged, and reinvented. Our "cut-and-paste" online culture - in which intellectual property is freely swapped, downloaded, remashed, and aggregated - threatens over 200 years of copyright protection and intellectual property rights, robbing artists, authors, journalists, musicians, editors, and producers of the fruits of their creative labours. Further, advertising revenue is being siphoned off by free classified ads on sites like Craigslist; television networks are under attack from free user-generated programming on YouTube and the like; file-sharing and digital piracy have devastated the multibillion-dollar music business and threaten to undermine our movie industry. The very anonymity that Web 2.0 offers calls into question the reliability of the information we receive and creates an environment in which sexual predators and identity thieves can roam free. While no Luddite-Keen pioneered several Internet startups himself - he urges us to consider the consequences of blindly supporting a culture that endorses plagiarism and piracy and that fundamentally weakens traditional media and creative institutions.

It is a great pleasure to share with you the Springer CCIS 111 proceedings of the Third World Summit on the Knowledge Society--WSKS 2010--that was organized by the International Scientific Council for the Knowledge Society, and supported by the Open Research Society, NGO, (http://www.open-knowledge-society.org) and the Int- national Journal of the Knowledge Society Research, (http://www.igi-global.com/ijksr), and took place in Aquis Corfu Holiday Palace Hotel, on Corfu island, Greece, September 22-24, 2010. The Third World Summit on the Knowledge Society (WSKS 2010) was an inter- tional scientific event devoted to promoting the dialogue on the main aspects of the knowledge society towards a better world for all. The multidimensional economic and social crisis of the last couple years brings to the fore the need to discuss in depth new policies and strategies for a human-centric developmental process in the global c- text. This annual summit brings together key stakeholders of knowledge society dev- opment worldwide, from academia, industry, government, policy makers, and active citizens to look at the impact and prospects of it information technology, and the knowledge-based era it is creating, on key facets of living, working, learning, innovating, and collaborating in today's hyper-complex world.

Avatars at Work and Play brings together contributions from leading social scientists and computer scientists who have conducted research on virtual environments used for collaboration and online gaming. They present a well-rounded and state-of-the-art overview of current applications of multi-user virtual environments, ranging from highly immersive virtual reality systems to internet-based virtual environments on personal computers. The volume is a follow-up to a previous essay collection, The Social Life of Avatars, which explored general issues in this field. This collection goes further, examining uses of shared virtual environments in practical settings such as scientific collaboration, distributed meetings, building models together, and others. It also covers online gaming in virtual environments, which has attracted hundreds of thousands of users and presents an opportunity for studying a myriad of social issues. Covering both work and play, the volume brings together issues common to the two areas, including:

What kind of avatar appearance is suitable for different kinds of interaction? How best to foster collaboration and promote usable shared virtual spaces? What kinds of activities work well in different types of virtual environments and systems?

Avatars at Work and Play will be required reading for computer scientists and social scientists who are researching and developing virtual worlds. It will be useful on courses in New Media and human-computer interaction"

This book has evolved out of roughly ve years of working on computing with social trust. In the beginning, getting people to accept that social networks and the relationships in them could be the basis for interesting, relevant, and exciting c- puter science was a struggle. Today, social networking and social computing have become hot topics, and those of us doing research in this space are nally nding a wealth of opportunities to share our work and to collaborate with others. This book is a collection of chapters that cover all the major areas of research in this space. I hope it will serve as a guide to students and researchers who want a strong introduction to work in the eld, and as encouragement and direction for those who are considering bringing their own techniques to bear on some of these problems. It has been an honor and privilege to work with these authors for whom I have so much respect and admiration. Thanks to all of them for their outstanding work, which speaks for itself, and for patiently enduringall my emails. Thanks, as always, to Jim Hendler for his constant support. Cai Ziegler has been particularly helpful, both as a collaborator, and in the early stages of development for this book. My appreciation also goes to Beverley Ford, Rebecca Mowat and everyone at Springer who helped with publication of this work.

Cultural history enthusiasts have asserted the urgent need to protect digital information from imminent loss. This book describes methodology for long-term preservation of all kinds of digital documents. It justifies this methodology using 20th century theory of knowledge communication, and outlines the requirements and architecture for the software needed. The author emphasizes attention to the perspectives and the needs of end users.

Dave Oliver, Celia Romm and Fay Sudweeks This book follows previous texts: Celia Romm and Fay Sudweeks (eds) (1998), Doing Business Electronically: A Global Perspective of Electronic Commerce, and Fay Sudweeks and Celia Romm (eds) (1999) Doing Business on the Internet: Opportunities and Pitfalls. Not only is this current book about doing something, but it also aims to present insights into how electronic commerce impacts upon the lives of everyday people; in other words, how electronic commerce is received, as well as how it is 'done'. Accessing the Internet on a regular basis has become an established activity for many people. This activity gives academics and researchers the opportunity to observe and study the nature and effects of this engagement in society. The influence of the Internet in our social fabric also provides the incentive for organizations to implement a web presence. As expressed in the title Self-Service on the Internet: Expectations and Experiences, we aim to present the expectations or reasons for the availability of various services on the Internet, and social responses to these developments, i. e. the experiences. These are the two main dimensions to the chapters presented in this book. The major component in the title is self-service on the Internet. The term electronic commerce is too restrictive for our purpose as it tends towards commercial overtones, which do not especially concern us.

Mobile communications and ubiquitous computing generate large volumes of data. Mining this data can produce useful knowledge, yet individual privacy is at risk. This book investigates the various scientific and technological issues of mobility data, open problems, and roadmap. The editors manage a research project called GeoPKDD, Geographic Privacy-Aware Knowledge Discovery and Delivery, and this book relates their findings in 13 chapters covering all related subjects.

The Internet has been transformed in the past years from a system primarily oriented on information provision into a medium for communication and community-building. The notion of Web 2.0, social software, and social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace have emerged in this context. With such platforms comes the massive provision and storage of personal data that are systematically evaluated, marketed, and used for targeting users with advertising. In a world of global economic competition, economic crisis, and fear of terrorism after 9/11, both corporations and state institutions have a growing interest in accessing this personal data. Here, contributors explore this changing landscape by addressing topics such as commercial data collection by advertising, consumer sites and interactive media; self-disclosure in the social web; surveillance of file-sharers; privacy in the age of the internet; civil watch-surveillance on social networking sites; and networked interactive surveillance in transnational space. This book is a result of a research action launched by the intergovernmental network COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).

Welcome to the Proceedings of ICCHP 2010! We were proud to welcome participants from more than 40 countries from all over the world to this year's ICCHP. Since the late 1980s, it has been ICCHP's mission to support and reflect development in the field of "Assistive Technologies," eAccessibility and eInclusion. With a focus on scientific quality, ICCHP has become an important reference in our field. The 2010 conference and this collection of papers once again fulfilled this mission. The International Programme Committee, comprising 106 experts from all over the world, selected 147 full and 44 short papers out of 328 abstracts submitted to ICCHP. This acceptance ratio of about half of the submissions demonstrates our strict pursuit of scientific quality both of the programme and in particular of the proceedings in your hands. An impressive number of experts agreed to organize "Special Thematic Sessions" (STS) for ICCHP 2010. These STS help to bring the meeting into sharper focus in several key areas. In turn, this deeper level of focus helps to collate a state of the art and mainstream technical, social, cultural and political developments.

The use of the term the information age to describe the period that we now fmd ourselves living in is open to misinterpretation. Society has always been based on exchanging information, and our libraries have long been rieh sources of vast of readily available information; it is information technologies that have quantities changed rapidly sinee the invention of the digital computer. These technologies are themselves products of long-term societal processes: The eeonomic desire to shorten the time that lapses between produetion and consumption of eommodities, annihilating space with time; the political desire to control such large-scale sys tems as commodity ehains, nations, and the military; and the human desire to lib erate ourselves from the constraints of our loeal daily lives. They also have had profound effeets on societal proeesses. One of the most widely discussed effeets, and a eonsistent theme of this volume, is that the information age is bringing about the end of geographie al distance as a signifieant baITier ofhuman interaction. This claim underlies prognostications about the information age: That this will be the age of globalization; of the global village; of the liberation of human inter action from the tyranny of space; of the dissolution of cities and workplaces; of the plugged-in soeiety; and of the surveillance society. If these prognostications were true, then the topie of aceessibility would indeed be a disappearing research pro gram and this book a marker of its disappearance."

Engineering the Knowledge Society (EKS) - Event of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) This book is the result of a joint event of the World Federation of Engineering Organisations (WFEO) and the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) held during the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Geneva, Switzerland, December 11 - 12, 2003. The organisation was in the hands of Mr. Raymond Morel of the Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences (SATW). Information Technology (or Information and Communication Technology) cannot be seen as a separate entity. Its application should support human development and this application has to be engineered. Education plays a central role in the engineering of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for human support. The conference addressed the following aspects: Lifelong Learning and education, - inclusion, ethics and social impact, engineering profession, developing- society, economy and e-Society. The contributions in this World Summit event reflected an active stance towards human development supported by ICT. A Round Table session provided concrete proposals for action

Copy the following link for free access to the first chapter of this title: http: //www.springerlink.com/content/j23468h304310755/fulltext.pdf

This book is a warning. It aims to warn policy-makers, industry, academia, civil society organisations, the media and the public about the threats and vulnerabilities facing our privacy, identity, trust, security and inclusion in the rapidly approaching world of ambient intelligence (AmI).

In the near future, every manufactured product our clothes, money, appliances, the paint on our walls, the carpets on our floors, our cars, everything will be embedded with intelligence, networks of tiny sensors and actuators, which some have termed smart dust . The AmI world is not far off. We already have surveillance systems, biometrics, personal communicators, machine learning and more. AmI will provide personalised services and know more about us on a scale dwarfing anything hitherto available.

In the AmI vision, ubiquitous computing, communications and interfaces converge and adapt to the user. AmI promises greater user-friendliness in an environment capable of recognising and responding to the presence of different individuals in a seamless, unobtrusive and often invisible way. While most stakeholders paint the promise of AmI in sunny colours, there is a dark side to AmI.

This book aims to illustrate the threats and vulnerabilities by means of four dark scenarios . The authors set out a structured methodology for analysing the four scenarios, and then identify safeguards to counter the foreseen threats and vulnerabilities. They make recommendations to policy-makers and other stakeholders about what they can do to maximise the benefits from ambient intelligence and minimise the negative consequences."

Practically every crime now involves some aspect of digital evidence. This is the most recent volume in the Advances in Digital Forensics series. It describes original research results and innovative applications in the emerging discipline of digital forensics. In addition, it highlights some of the major technical and legal issues related to digital evidence and electronic crime investigations.

This book contains a selection of twenty-eight edited papers from the Fourth Annual IFIP WG 11.9 Conference on Digital Forensics, held at Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan in the spring of 2008.

The IFIP series publishes state-of-the-art results in the sciences and technologies of information and communication Proceedings and post-proceedings of referred international conferences in computer science and interdisciplinary fields are featured. These results often precede journal publication and represent the most current research. The principal aim of the IFIP series is to encourage education and the dissemination and exchange of information about all aspects of computing.

The massive growth of the Internet has made an enormous amount of infor- tion available to us. However, it is becoming very difficult for users to acquire an - plicable one. Therefore, some techniques such as information filtering have been - troduced to address this issue. Recommender systems filter information that is useful to a user from a large amount of information. Many e-commerce sites use rec- mender systems to filter specific information that users want out of an overload of - formation [2]. For example, Amazon. com is a good example of the success of - commender systems [1]. Over the past several years, a considerable amount of research has been conducted on recommendation systems. In general, the usefulness of the recommendation is measured based on its accuracy [3]. Although a high - commendation accuracy can indicate a user's favorite items, there is a fault in that - ly similar items will be recommended. Several studies have reported that users might not be satisfied with a recommendation even though it exhibits high recommendation accuracy [4]. For this reason, we consider that a recommendation having only accuracy is - satisfactory. The serendipity of a recommendation is an important element when c- sidering a user's long-term profits. A recommendation that brings serendipity to users would solve the problem of "user weariness" and would lead to exploitation of users' tastes. The viewpoint of the diversity of the recommendation as well as its accuracy should be required for future recommender systems.

It is often said that quantum technologies are poised to change the world as we know it, but cutting through the hype, what will quantum technologies actually mean for countries and their citizens? In Law and Policy for the Quantum Age, Chris Jay Hoofnagle and Simson L. Garfinkel explain the genesis of quantum information science (QIS) and the resulting quantum technologies that are most exciting: quantum sensing, computing, and communication. This groundbreaking, timely text explains how quantum technologies work, how countries will likely employ QIS for future national defense and what the legal landscapes will be for these nations, and how companies might (or might not) profit from the technology. Hoofnagle and Garfinkel argue that the consequences of QIS are so profound that we must begin planning for them today. This title is available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

TheseproceedingscontainthepapersselectedforpresentationatCARDIS 2010, the 9th IFIP Conference on Smart Card Research and Advanced Application hosted by the Institute of IT-Security and Security Law (ISL) of the University ofPassau, Germany.CARDISisorganizedbyIFIPWorkingGroupsWG8.8and WG 11.2. Since 1994, CARDIS has been the foremost international conference dedicated to smart card research and applications. Every second year leading researchers and practitioners meet to present new ideas and discuss recent - velopments in smart card technologies. Thefastevolutioninthe?eldofinformationsecurityrequiresadequatemeans for representing the user in human-machine interactions. Smart cards, and by extension smart devices with their processing power and their direct association with the user, are considered the ?rst choice for this purpose. A wide range of areas including hardware design, operating systems, systems modelling, cr- tography, and distributed systems contribute to this fast-growing technology. The submissions to CARDIS were reviewed by at least three members of the ProgramCommittee, followedbyatwo-weekdiscussionphaseheldelectronically, wherecommittee memberscouldcomment onall papersand allreviews.Finally, 16 papers were selected for presentation at CARDIS. There aremany volunteerswho o?ered their time and energy to put together the symposium and who deserve our acknowledgment. We want to thank all the members of the Program Committee and the external reviewers for their hard work in evaluating and discussing the submissions. We are also very grateful to JoachimPosegga, the GeneralChairof CARDIS 2010, andhisteam for thelocal conference management. Last, but certainly not least, our thanks go to all the authors who submitted papers and all the attendees. We hope you ?nd the proceedings stimulat

This volume brings together, through a peer-revision process, the advanced research results obtained by the European COST Action 2102: Cross-Modal Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication, primarily discussed for the first time at the Second COST 2102 International Training School on "Development of Multimodal Int- faces: Active Listening and Synchrony" held in Dublin, Ireland, March 23-27 2009. The school was sponsored by COST (European Cooperation in the Field of Sci- tific and Technical Research, www.cost.esf.org ) in the domain of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for disseminating the advances of the research activities developed within the COST Action 2102: "Cross-Modal Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication" (cost2102.cs.stir.ac.uk) COST Action 2102 in its third year of life brought together about 60 European and 6 overseas scientific laboratories whose aim is to develop interactive dialogue systems and intelligent virtual avatars graphically embodied in a 2D and/or 3D interactive virtual world, capable of interacting intelligently with the environment, other avatars, and particularly with human users.

Digital technologies have prompted the emergence of new modes of regulation and governance, since they allow for more decentralized processes of elaboration and implementation of norms. Moreover, the Internet has been raising a wide set of governance issues since it affects many domains, such as individual rights, public liberties, property rights, economic competition, market regulation, conflict management, security and the sovereignty of states. There is therefore a need to understand how technical, political, economic and social norms are articulated, as well as to understand who the main actors of this process of transformation are, how they interact and how these changes may influence international rulings. This book brings together an international team of scholars to explain and analyse how collective regulations evolve in the broader context of the development of post-modern societies, globalization, the reshaping of international relations and the profound transformations of nation-states.

It is my pleasure to write the preface for Information Processing and Management. This book aims to bring together innovative results and new research trends in inf- mation processing, computer science and management engineering. If an information processing system is able to perform useful actions for an obj- tive in a given domain, it is because the system knows something about that domain. The more knowledge it has, the more useful it can be to its users. Without that kno- edge, the system itself is useless. In the information systems field, there is conceptual modeling for the activity that elicits and describes the general knowledge a particular information system needs to know. The main objective of conceptual modeling is to obtain that description, which is called a conceptual schema. Conceptual schemas are written in languages called conceptual modeling languages. Conceptual modeling is an important part of requi- ments engineering, the first and most important phase in the development of an inf- mation system.