Recent research reveals that socioeconomic factors of the neighborhoods where road users live and where pedestrian-vehicle crashes occur are important in determining the severity of the crashes, with the former having a greater influence. Hence, road safety countermeasures, especially those focusing on the road users, should be targeted at these high risk neighborhoods. Big Data Analytics in Traffic and Transportation Engineering: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an essential reference source that discusses access to transportation and examines vehicle-pedestrian crashes, specifically in relation to socioeconomic factors that influence them, main predictors, factors that contribute to crash severity, and the enhancement of pedestrian safety measures. Featuring research on topics such as public transport, accessibility, and spatial distribution, this book is ideally designed for policymakers, transportation engineers, road safety designers, transport planners and managers, professionals, academicians, researchers, and public administrators.

Urban Transport energy efficiency and environmental sustainability continue to present big challenges for city leaders and policy think tanks. As the share of the world's population living in cities grows to nearly 70 per cent between now and 2050, urban transport energy consumption is forecast to double to meet the travel demand in the world's future cities. This urban growth will also dramatically change the scale and nature of our communities, and put a tremendous strain on the built environment and infrastructure that delivers vital services like transport. This book presents a cohesive body of work on the policy principles and practical applications to drive sustainable mobility services in tomorrow's smart cities. Topics covered include policy principles for low carbon mobility; low carbon mobility and reducing automobile dependence; integrated land-use and transport planning for future cities; decarbonising suburban mobility; public transport for the urban millennium; impacts on public health; active transport, health and wellbeing; mobility and the sharing economy; autonomous shared mobility; gamification and sustainable mobility; and digital innovations and disruptive mobility. Low Carbon Mobility for Future Cities will be essential reading for researchers and practitioners in transport engineering, urban planning, transport planning and strategy, government employees in charge of sustainable practices, higher degree students, and the industries involved in offering mobility as a service.

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) use information and communications technologies (ICT) to deliver transport improvements instead of extending physical infrastructure, thereby saving money and reducing environmental impact. This book provides an overview of ICT-based intelligent road transport systems with an emphasis on evaluation methods and recent evaluation results of ITS development and deployment. Topics covered include: ITS evaluation policy; frameworks and methods for ITS evaluation; ITS impact evaluation; the network perspective; field operational tests (FOTs); assessing transport measures using cost-benefit and multicriteria analysis; technical assessment of the performance of in-vehicle systems; opportunities and challenges in the era of new pervasive technology; evaluation of automated driving functions; user-related evaluation of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) and automated driving; evaluation of traffic management; performance assessment of a wet weather pilot system; case studies from China; heavy vehicle overload control benefit and cost. With chapters from an international panel of leading experts, this book is essential reading for researchers and advanced students from academia, industry and government working in intelligent road transport systems.

The U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) is responsible for protecting the natural resources and heritage contained on almost 20 percent of the land in the United States. This responsibility requires acquisition of remotely sensed data throughout vast lands, including areas that are remote and potentially dangerous to access. One promising new technology for data collection is unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), which may be better suited (achieving superior science, safety, and savings) than traditional methods. UAS, regardless of their size, have the same operational components: aircraft, payloads, communications unit, and operator control unit. This book provides operational procedures and lessons learned from completed proof-of-concept UAS missions in areas such as wildlife management, resource monitoring, and public land inspections. This information provides not only an implementation framework but can also help increase the awareness by resource managers, scientists, and others of the ability of UAS technology to advance data quality, improve personnel safety, and reduce data acquisition costs.

This book lays a new foundation toward achieving artificial self-intelligence by future machines such as intelligent vehicles. Its chapters provide a broad coverage to the three key modules behind the design and development of intelligent vehicles for the ultimate purpose of actively ensuring driving safety as well as preventing accidents from all possible causes. Self-contained and unified in presentation, the book explains in details the fundamental solutions of vehicle's perception, vehicle's decision-making, and vehicle's action-taking in a pedagogic order.Besides the fundamental knowledge and concepts of intelligent vehicle's perception, decision and action, this book includes a comprehensive set of real-life application scenarios in which intelligent vehicles will play a major role or contribution. These case studies of real-life applications will help motivate students to learn this exciting subject. With concise and simple explanations, and boasting a rich set of graphical illustrations, the book is an invaluable source for both undergraduate and postgraduate courses, on artificial intelligence, intelligent vehicle, and robotics, which are offered in automotive engineering, computer engineering, electronic engineering, and mechanical engineering. In addition, the book will help strengthen the knowledge and skills of young researchers who want to venture into the research and development of artificial self-intelligence for intelligent vehicles of the future.Related Link(s)

Although the concept of a fully automated driving system as envisioned under the Automated Highway System program has yet to be realised, technological advancements over the past decade have led to the emergence of advanced driver assistance systems and features such as Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), collision warning, automatic braking, and lane-keeping assist systems. To date, deployed systems and features have largely been designed to support safe operations rather than to relieve the driver of direct vehicle control. Advancements in driver assistance systems (eg: ACC and lane-keeping assist) may provide some of the early building blocks for future automated driving systems that assume either partial or full authority from the driver. Although automated systems offer the promise of increased safety and reduced human error, substantive human factors challenges need to be addressed before these forms of automated systems become a practical reality. These challenges include the potential for negative adaptations occurring through misunderstanding of, misuse of, or overreliance on the system, or changes in attention and distraction from the driving task. Another concern is how an automated system will impact drivers' information-processing capabilities and level of workload, including their willingness to engage in non-driving-related secondary tasks. Automation may also impact a driver's situational awareness -- including the ability to perceive critical factors in the environment or to detect system state changes (system failures) -- as the driver's role shifts from active vehicle control to passive monitoring of the automated system and environment, and path planning down the road. This book assesses the research, the technology and the concepts behind automated driving.

While many transportation and city planners, researchers, students, practitioners, and political leaders are familiar with the technical nature and promise of vehicle automation, consensus is not yet often seen on the impact that will result, or the policies and actions that those responsible for transportation systems should take. The End of Driving: Transportation Systems and Public Policy Planning for Autonomous Vehicles explores both the potential of vehicle automation technology and the barriers it faces when considering coherent urban deployment. The book evaluates the case for deliberate development of automated public transportation and mobility-as-a-service as paths towards sustainable mobility, describing critical approaches to the planning and management of vehicle automation technology. It serves as a reference for understanding the full life cycle of the multi-year transportation systems planning processes, including novel regulation, planning, and acquisition tools for regional transportation. Application-oriented, research-based, and solution-oriented rather than predict-and-warn, The End of Driving concludes with a detailed discussion of the systems design needed for accomplishing this shift. From the Foreword by Susan Shaheen: The authors ... extend potential solutions through a set of open-ended exercises after each chapter. Their approach is both strategic and deliberate. They lead the reader from definitions and context setting to the transition toward automation, employing a range of creative strategies and policies. While our quest to understand how to deploy automated vehicles is just beginning, this book provides a thoughtful introduction to inform this evolution.

This book discusses the recent advanced technologies in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), with a view on how Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) cooperate with future vehicles. ITS technologies aim to achieve traffic efficiency and advance transportation safety and mobility. Known as aircrafts without onboard human operators, UAVs are used across the world for civilian, commercial, as well as military applications. Common deployment include policing and surveillance, product deliveries, aerial photography, agriculture, and drone racing. As the air-ground cooperation enables more diverse usage, this book addresses the holistic aspects of the recent advanced technologies in ITS, including Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), cyber security, and service management from principle and engineering practice aspects. This is achieved by providing in-depth study on several major topics in the fields of telecommunications, transport services, cyber security, and so on. The book will serve as a useful text for transportation, energy, and ICT societies from both academia and industrial sectors. Its broad scope of introductory knowledge, technical reviews, discussions, and technology advances will also benefit potential authors.

A number of wireless technologies have been developed in recent years to meet the increasing needs of high-speed wireless communications in civil and military applications. The advances include WiFi (IEEE 802.11), WiMAX (IEEE 802.16), sensor networks, wireless Mesh/Ad hoc networks, mobile IP, smart antenna, cognitive radio, and so on. These emerging technologies will significantly impact the design and operation of Intelligent Transportation Systems, which aims to effectively provide higher vehicles safety, traffic management, and communications among vehicles and transport infrastructure. Organised into three parts, 'Wireless Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems' provides readers a thorough technical guide covering various wireless technologies developed in the most recent years for Intelligent Transportation Systems applications. It presents key technologies of circuits and physical layer, network protocols, system designs and applications. The broad content covers topics of radar sensor, radio channel modelling, smart antenna, medium access control, routing protocol, data dissemination, hand-over, security, mesh networking, road traffic estimation and monitoring, and location-based services. This comprehensive book is a collection of basic concepts, major issues, design approaches, application examples, and future research directions of various advanced technologies developed for Intelligent Transportation Systems. With its broad coverage allowing cross reference, it serves as an essential reference for engineers, researchers, students, scientists, professors, designers and planners of Intelligent Transportation Systems.

For the first time in half a century, real transformative innovations are coming to our world of passenger transportation. The convergence of new shared mobility services with automated and electric vehicles promises to significantly reshape our lives and communities for the better--or for the worse. The dream scenario could bring huge public and private benefits, including more transportation choices, greater affordability and accessibility, and healthier, more livable cities, along with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The nightmare scenario could bring more urban sprawl, energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and unhealthy cities and individuals. In Three Revolutions, transportation expert Dan Sperling, along with seven other leaders in the field, share research-based insights on potential public benefits and impacts of the three transportation revolutions. They describe innovative ideas and partnerships, and explore the role government policy can play in steering the new transportation paradigm toward the public interest--toward our dream scenario of social equity, environmental sustainability, and urban livability. Many factors will influence these revolutions--including the willingness of travelers to share rides and eschew car ownership; continuing reductions in battery, fuel cell, and automation costs; and the adaptiveness of companies. But one of the most important factors is policy. Three Revolutions offers policy recommendations and provides insight and knowledge that could lead to wiser choices by all. With this book, Sperling and his collaborators hope to steer these revolutions toward the public interest and a better quality of life for everyone.

Is public transportation a right? Should it be? For those reliant on public transit, the answer is invariably "yes" to both. Indeed, when city officials propose slashing service or raising fares, it is these riders who are often the first to appear at that officials' door demanding their "right" to more service. Rights in Transit starts from the presumption that such riders are justified. For those who lack other means of mobility, transit is a lifeline. It offers access to many of the entitlements we take as essential: food, employment, and democratic public life itself. While accepting transit as a right, this book also suggests that there remains a desperate need to think critically, both about what is meant by a right and about the types of rights at issue when public transportation is threatened. Drawing on a detailed case study of the various struggles that have come to define public transportation in California's East Bay, Rights in Transit offers a direct challenge to contemporary scholarship on transportation equity. Rather than focusing on civil rights alone, Rights in Transit argues for engaging the more radical notion of the right to the city.

Road pricing is increasingly being implemented around the world to combat congestion, curb carbon and other polluting emissions, compensate for falling revenues from fuel duty, improve the efficiency of the existing transport infrastructure, and fund new transport projects. Road Pricing outlines some of the economic theory behind these schemes, indicates the different kinds of road charging schemes that are possible, describes the electronic technology being used, shows that it is available and already in operational use in many countries, addresses how public acceptability can be achieved, and demonstrates that people will accept road pricing if they understand the reasons for using it, and above all, if they have experienced it in use and understand how it will affect them personally. There are very few engineering-oriented books in this field, or books aimed at transport planners. This book aims to fill that gap - informing engineers and planners how to prepare for and implement road pricing schemes, which technologies to use, and which technologies are already in use successfully throughout the world. The book also aims to show politicians and policy advisors what has been successfully achieved and what is possible now and in the immediate future.

The authors trace the evolution of the taxi from the early horse-drawn European vehicles to the futuristic paratransit" vehicles of today, relating the development of mass transit to the taxi and showing how both forms of transportation changed in response to alterations in city and urban life. They discuss the economics, innovative services, and future of the taxi and maintain that this service has the potential to alleviate some of the current problems of urban transportation."
Originally published in 1982.
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Ecologically Sustainable Transportation: Planning, Building, and Operations provides transportation researchers, practitioners and policymakers with a consistent and cohesive examination of the local, regional and national environmental issues in sustainable transportation systems planning, development and implementation. The book compiles numerous topics together in one resource to bridge the gap between the study and practice of these interdisciplinary fields. It is an accessible resource for transportation professionals on the basics of ecology, its principles, how to connect the academic and technical literature, ecological planning, mitigation, monitoring, and the entire spectrum of road ecology issues in sustainable transportation systems.