Im Herzstuck des europaischen Vereinigungsprozesses, der Warenverkehrsfreiheit, hat die EU auf der Basis der "Neuen Konzeption" und des "Globalen Konzepts" mit dem System der Akkreditierung und Zertifizierung eine europaische Verwaltungsstruktur geschaffen. Deren tragendes Element bilden Private, die als Benannte Stellen im Wege der Zertifizierung uber die Marktzulassung von Produkten entscheiden. Die mitgliedsstaatlichen Verwaltungen bilden nur noch einen rechtsstaatlichen Ankerpunkt. Akkreditierung und Zertifizierung werden als neue Institute des europaischen Verwaltungsrechts in der deutschen Rechtsordnung beschrieben und anhand verfassungsrechtlicher und europarechtlicher Grundsatze analysiert. Das neue europaische Produktzulassungsrecht liefert damit einen weiteren Baustein fur ein europaisches Verwaltungsrecht."

The potential use of space for military purposes has, since the end of the Second World War, been intrinsically linked to the development of space technology and space flight. The political relevance of outer space continues to be recognised by nations, particularly the strategic benefit of Earth observation from outer space as a national security tool. However, the dual-use potential of many space applications increasingly blurs the distinction between the military and non-military uses of space. In fact, many States have openly declared their willingness to protect their space assets by military means and some have even described outer space as a war-fighting domain. Non-State entities are becoming more and more involved in outer space activities, including the use of satellites for navigation purposes, the transportation of supplies to the International Space Station and the offering of tourist flights into outer space. Private operators have significantly increased activity in the launch of satellites and in 2021 no less than three private space companies (Virgin Galactic, Blue Origin and SpaceX) conducted successful space tourist flights. Today in all space-faring countries, the space industry contributes to national GDP and supports the labour force. It also serves as a catalyst for technological advancement and productivity growth, and has become an integral part of the day-to-day lives of people around the world. Consequently, the socio-economic benefits of space technology (in particular satellite technology) have made the development of space programmes an increasing necessity for developing States. Outer space has become a congested environment. The involvement of private actors, specifically, has given rise to a number of legal issues, including questions pertaining to liability, insurance, space debris, human rights and property rights in space. To address these legal uncertainties, the existing chapters in the second edition of Outer Space Law: Legal Policy and Practice have been updated significantly and several new chapters have been added dealing with topical issues including: the regulation of satellite navigation systems, and satellite constellations; the application of human rights in outer space settlements; the exploration and colonisation of outer space; and planetary protection. The second edition of Outer Space Law: Legal Policy and Practice remains aimed at readers looking for a single title to understand the key issues relevant to the space sector, by also emphasising the practical application of those issues. The book will be specifically relevant to legal practitioners, academics and State departments primarily working in the space arena, as well as to those in other related sectors such as IT and media, insurance and political science. Edited by Yanal Abul Failat, lawyer at the international law firm Fasken, and Professor Anel Ferreira-Snyman, a professor of law specialising in international space law at the University of South Africa, the book includes contributions by leading experts from space agencies, space venturers, lawyers, economists, insurers, academics and financiers.

The United Nations currently has five effective international space treaties, namely the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, Space Rescue Agreement of 1968, Space Liability Convention of 1972, Space Registration Convention of 1975, and Moon Agreement of 1979. However, with recent competition and movements to mine and exploit natural resources from such entities as the moon, asteroids, etc., these outdated treaties no longer address current advancements. It is imperative that new research is undertaken to urge and progress new space laws and policies that strengthen international cooperation and joint undertakings into the exploitation of natural resources from outer space. Global Issues Surrounding Outer Space Law and Policy grants a general understanding for the current issues and methods of solution in the field of outer space law and policy in the global society. It suggests a revision of the five international space treaties and presents a new International Space Agency (ISA) that would use international cooperation and an International Court of Air and Space Law to promote the speed of work and fairness in trials of air and space law cases. Additionally, solutions for the cooperation of the global community towards joint undertakings and exploitation of natural resources in celestial bodies is explored. This book is ideal for lawyers, professors, government officials, space agencies, academicians, researchers, students, and anyone looking to understand the complicated problems and methods of solution in international space law and policy.

The book responds to the dissonance between the increase of commercial outer space activities and the absence of any legal framework in India. While holding a great promise, international space law remains a stable principle that the launching country is liable for any damage caused by outer space activities. The quantity of risk increases more when outer space is used not only by the sovereign states but also by non-governmental entities for commercial benefit. Both the municipal and international law accepted that money damages should compensate the harm. Therefore, allocation of the liability must be shared by the actual wrong doer. State practices are developed for the allocation of liability with non-governmental entities. The argument attacks the substance and structure of space policy in India, undermining claims as to its effectiveness and even sustainability. In responding to these challenges, this book uses analytical and comparative methods with the dynamic processes such as interview (structured and unstructured) to address the central question of basis and fundamental framework of space law in India. The objective of the thesis is to develop a plausible normative framework in India relating to commercial outer space activities. This normative framework provides a platform for exiting international legal norm and practices, as well as the basis of alternative understanding of international space law and the potential response to those problems, which are coherent and consistent with the use of outer space commercially by any country. The book offers three inter related conclusions. First, it identifies the international legal norms as the basis for the development of national legal framework in India. Secondly, it demonstrates those state practices developed by space-advanced nations who adopted national space legislation for the promotion and control of commercial outer space activities, and provides a useful legal framework background for adoption of domestic legal framework in India. Thirdly, it develops a normative framework for the commercial outer space activities in India.