Most of the literature dealing with the origins of modern humans
concentrates on the European sequence, where the Levant is referred
to in passing as being problematic because it does not fit with the
sequence of events documented in Europe. This is the first book
that attempts to examine the issues specifically from the Levant,
viewing it as central rather than peripheral to the problem. It
also discusses in some depth the ramifications of possible
interactions between the different hominids in the region.
Rather than viewing the transition from the Middle to Upper
Paleolithic as the time at which fully modern adaptive systems came
to the forefront, emphasis is placed on the Middle Paleolithic
itself in order to test hypotheses that hominids of this period
were culturally archaic. Through an analysis of the archaeological
evidence, it is concluded that by at least 100,000 years ago people
of the period, usually regarded as being somewhat less than human
were, on the contrary, fully modern in terms of their behavioral
and cultural systems. This conclusion applies to both the
Neanderthals and their anatomically modern contemporaries. The
author further concludes that the cultural and behavioral
differences between the two types were minimal and that there was a
potential for interaction and acculturation between them. The
possibility is raised that the Near East is the region in which
modern human cultural adaptation arose and then dispersed to other
regions.
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